Kuvandudzwa kweinoveli HEMC cellulose ethers kuderedza agglomeration mugypsum-based machine-sprayed plasters.

Kuvandudzwa kweinoveli HEMC cellulose ethers kuderedza agglomeration mugypsum-based machine-sprayed plasters.

Gypsum-based machine-sprayed plaster (GSP) yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuWestern Europe kubva kuma1970. Kubuda kwemuchina wekupfapfaidza kwakanyatso kuvandudza kushanda kwekuvaka plastering uku ichideredza mari yekuvaka. Nekudzika kwekushambadzira kweGSP, mvura-soluble cellulose ether yave chinhu chekuwedzera. Cellulose ether inopa GSP nekuita kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza mvura, izvo zvinoganhurira kunyura kwe substrate kwehunyoro mupurasita, nekudaro kuwana yakagadzikana yekumisikidza nguva uye yakanaka michina zvinhu. Uye zvakare, iyo chaiyo rheological curve ye cellulose ether inogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro yekupfapfaidza muchina uye kurerutsa zvakanyanya kunotevera dhaka kuyera uye kupedzisa maitiro.

Zvisinei nemabhenefiti ari pachena ecellulose ethers mumaapplication eGSP, anogona zvakare kubatsira mukuumbwa kwemapundu akaoma kana yapfapfaidzwa. Aya masumbu asina kunyoroveswa anonziwo clumping kana caking, uye anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuenzana uye kupera kwedhaka. Agglomeration inogona kuderedza kushanda kwesaiti uye kuwedzera mutengo wepamusoro-inoshanda gypsum chigadzirwa maapplication. Kuti tinzwisise zvirinani mashandiro ecellulose ethers pakuumbwa kwemapundu muGSP, takaita ongororo yekuyedza kuona maparamendi akakodzera echigadzirwa anopesvedzera kuumbwa kwavo. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yeongororo iyi, takagadzira nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether ine katsika kadiki yekuunganidza nekuzviongorora mukushandisa.

Mazwi akakosha: cellulose ether; gypsum machine spray plaster; dissolution rate; particle morphology

1. Nhanganyaya

Mvura-soluble cellulose ethers yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mugypsum-based machine-sprayed plasters (GSP) kugadzirisa kudiwa kwemvura, kunatsiridza kuchengetwa kwemvura uye kuvandudza rheological properties yematope. Nokudaro, inobatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwevhu rakanyorova, nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chesimba rinodiwa revhu. Nekuda kwezvivakwa zvekutengesa uye zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza, yakaoma musanganiswa GSP yave inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukati mekuvaka zvinhu muEurope mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura.

Michina yekusanganisa uye kupfapfaidza yakaoma-musanganiswa GSP yakabudirira kutengeswa kwemakumi emakore. Kunyangwe mamwe maitiro ehunyanzvi emidziyo kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri achisiyana, ese anotengeswa anopfapfaidza michina inobvumira nguva shoma yekuzunguza kuti mvura isanganise neselulosi ether-ine gypsum dry-mix mortar. Kazhinji, kusanganisa kwese kunotora masekonzi mashoma. Mushure mekusanganisa, dhaka rakanyorova rinopombwa kuburikidza nepombi yekuendesa uye kupfapfaidzwa pamadziro e substrate. Zvose izvi zvinopedzwa mukati meminiti. Nekudaro, munguva pfupi yakadaro yenguva, cellulose ethers inoda kunyungudika zvachose kuti inyatso kuvandudza zvimiro zvavo mukushandisa. Kuwedzera zvakatsetseka pasi cellulose ether zvigadzirwa kune gypsum mortar formulations inova nechokwadi chekupera zvachose panguva iyi yekupfapfaidza.

Iyo yakatsetseka yakatsetseka cellulose ether inovaka kuenderana nekukurumidza pakubata nemvura panguva yekubvongodza musprayer. Iko kukurumidza viscosity kusimuka kunokonzerwa nekuparara kwe cellulose ether kunokonzera matambudziko pamwe chete nekunyorova kwemvura kwegypsum cementitious material particles. Sezvo mvura inotanga kuwedzera, inova shoma shoma uye haigoni kupinda mukati maduku maduku pakati pe gypsum particles. Mushure mekusvika kune pores yakavharwa, nzira yekunyorova yecementitious zvinhu zvimedu nemvura inononoka. Nguva yekusanganisa musprayer yaive ipfupi pane nguva yaidiwa kunyorovesa zvizere gypsum particles, izvo zvakakonzera kuumbwa kwehupfu hwakaoma clumps mumatope matsva emvura. Kana zviputi izvi zvangogadzirwa, zvinotadzisa kushanda kwevashandi mumaitiro anotevera: kuyera dhaka nemasumbu kunonetsa uye kunotora nguva yakawanda. Kunyangwe mushure mekunge dhaka ragadzika, pakutanga akaumbwa clumps anogona kuratidza. Semuenzaniso, kuvhara masumbu mukati mukati mekuvaka kuchaita kuti pave nekuonekwa kwenzvimbo dzakasviba muchikamu chekupedzisira, chatisingadi kuona.

Kunyange zvazvo cellulose ethers yakashandiswa sekuwedzera muGSP kwemakore akawanda, maitiro avo pakuumbwa kwemapundu asina kunyoroveswa haana kuongororwa zvakanyanya kusvika zvino. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa nzira yakarongeka inogona kushandiswa kunzwisisa iyo midzi yeagglomeration kubva kune cellulose ether maonero.

2. Zvikonzero zvekuumbwa kwemasumbu asina kunyorova muGSP

2.1 Kunyorova kwepurasita-based plasters

Mumatanho ekutanga ekumisikidza chirongwa chekutsvagisa, akati wandei ezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa zvekuumbwa kwemasumbu muCSP zvakaunganidzwa. Zvadaro, kuburikidza nekuongorora-kubatsirwa nekombuta, dambudziko rinotariswa pakuti pane inoshanda tekinoroji mhinduro. Kuburikidza nemabasa aya, mhinduro yakakwana yekuumbwa kweagglomerates muGSP yakatanga kuongororwa. Kubva pane zvese zvehunyanzvi uye zvekutengesa kufunga, iyo tekinoroji nzira yekushandura wetting yegypsum particles nepamusoro pekurapa inorambidzwa. Kubva pakuona kwekutengeserana, pfungwa yekutsiva midziyo iripo nemichina yekupfapfaidza ine yakanyatsogadzirirwa kusanganisa kamuri iyo inogona kuvimbisa kusanganiswa kwakakwana kwemvura nedhaka kunorambidzwa.

Imwe sarudzo ndeye kushandisa wetting agents sekuwedzera mune gypsum plaster maumbirwo uye isu takawana patent yeizvi kare. Zvisinei, kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera uku kunokanganisa kukanganisa kushanda kwepurasita. Zvinonyanya kukosha, inoshandura zvinhu zvemuviri zvedhaka, kunyanya kuoma uye simba. Saka hatina kunyanya kunyura mazviri. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwedzera kweanonyorovesa vamiririri kunoonekwa zvakare kuve nekukanganisa kwakashata pane zvakatipoteredza.

Tichifunga kuti cellulose ether yatova chikamu chegypsum-based plaster formulation, optimizing cellulose ether pachayo inova mhinduro yakanakisisa inogona kusarudzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, haifanire kukanganisa maitiro ekuchengetedza mvura kana kukanganisa rheological maitiro epurasita ari kushandiswa. Kubva pane zvakambotaurwa pfungwa yokuti chizvarwa chepoda dzisina kunyorova muGSP imhaka yekuwedzera kukurumidza kwekuwedzera kwe viscosity ye cellulose ethers mushure mekusangana nemvura panguva yekubvongodza, kudzora maitiro ekuparara kwe cellulose ethers yakava chinangwa chikuru chekudzidza kwedu. .

2.2 Kunyungudika nguva ye cellulose ether

Nzira iri nyore yekudzikisa chiyero chekunyungudika kweselulosi ether ndeye kushandisa granular giredhi zvigadzirwa. Chinhu chikuru chakashata chekushandisa nzira iyi muGSP ndechokuti zvimedu zvakanyanyisa hazvinyunguduki zvachose mukati mewindo rekupedzisira re10-second kubvongodza musprayer, izvo zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekuchengetedza mvura. Uye zvakare, kuzvimba kweiyo isina kunyungudika cellulose ether mune inotevera nhanho inozotungamira mukukora mushure mekupurasita uye kukanganisa basa rekuvaka, izvo zvatisingadi kuona.

Imwe sarudzo yekudzikisa kunyungudika kweselulosi ether ndeye reversibly crosslink pamusoro pe cellulose ethers ne glyoxal. Nekudaro, sezvo iyo crosslinking reaction iri pH-inodzorwa, mwero wekunyungudika kweselulosi ethers unoenderana zvakanyanya nepH yemushonga wemvura wakatenderedza. Iyo pH kukosha kweGSP system yakasanganiswa neslaked lime yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye iyo yekuyambuka-inobatanidza zvisungo zveglyoxal pamusoro inokurumidza kuvhurwa mushure mekusangana nemvura, uye viscosity inotanga kusimuka ipapo. Naizvozvo, marapirwo emakemikari akadaro haagone kuita basa mukudzora chiyero chekuparara muGSP.

Iyo nguva yekunyungudika ye cellulose ethers zvakare inobva pane yavo particle morphology. Nekudaro, chokwadi ichi hachina kutariswa zvakanyanya kusvika parizvino, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yacho yakakosha. Ivo vane mutsara wemutsetse wekunyungudika mwero [kg/(m2•s)], saka kunyungudika kwavo uye viscosity kuvaka-up inoenderana nenzvimbo iripo. Chiyero ichi chinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwe morphology ye cellulose particles. Mukuverenga kwedu kunofungidzirwa kuti viscosity yakazara (100%) inosvika mushure memasekondi mashanu ekusanganisa kusanganisa.

Kuverengera kweakasiyana particles morphologies kwakaratidza kuti spherical particles aive ne viscosity ye35% yekupedzisira viscosity pahafu yenguva yekusanganiswa. Munguva imwecheteyo, tsvimbo-yakaita seruseru ether particles inogona chete kusvika 10%. Iwo ma disc-shaped particles achangotanga kunyungudika mushure2.5 seconds.

Zvinosanganisirwawo akanakira solubility maitiro e cellulose ethers muGSP. Kunonoka kutanga viscosity kuvaka-up kweanopfuura 4.5 masekondi. Pashure pacho, iyo viscosity yakawedzera nekukurumidza kusvika kune yekupedzisira viscosity mukati me5 masekonzi ekukurudzira kusanganisa nguva. MuGSP, nguva yakadaro yakanonoka kupera nguva inobvumira hurongwa kuti huve neine viscosity yakaderera, uye mvura yakawedzerwa inogona kunyorovesa zvakakwana gypsum particles uye kupinda mumapores pakati pezvikamu pasina kukanganisa.

3. Particle morphology ye cellulose ether

3.1 Kuyerwa kwechidimbu morphology

Sezvo chimiro che cellulose ether zvimedu zvine simba rakakosha pakunyungudika, zvinofanirwa kutanga kuona maparamita anotsanangura chimiro che cellulose ether particles, uyezve kuona mutsauko uripo pakati pekusanyorova. .

Isu takawana iyo particle morphology ye cellulose ether neakasimba yekuongorora mufananidzo maitiro. Iyo particle morphology ye cellulose ethers inogona kuratidzwa zvizere uchishandisa SYMPATEC digital image analyzer (yakagadzirwa kuGermany) uye chaiyo software yekuongorora maturusi. Iyo inonyanya kukosha particle shape parameters yakawanikwa iine avhareji urefu hwefibers dzakaratidzwa seLEFI (50,3) uye avhareji dhayamita inotaridzwa seDIFI (50,3). Fiber avhareji kureba data inoonekwa sehurefu hwakazara hweimwe yakapararira cellulose ether particle.

Kazhinji particle size yekugovera data senge avhareji faibha dhayamita DIFI inogona kuverengerwa zvichienderana nenhamba yezvimedu (inotaridzwa ne0), kureba (inoratidzirwa ne1), nzvimbo (inoratidzirwa ne2) kana vhoriyamu (inoratidzirwa ne3). Zvese zviyero zve data mubepa rino zvinoenderana nevhoriyamu uye saka zvinoratidzwa ne 3 suffix. Semuenzaniso, muDIFI (50,3), 3 inoreva kugoverwa kwevhoriyamu, uye 50 zvinoreva kuti 50% yechikamu chekugovera curve idiki pane yakaratidzwa kukosha, uye imwe 50% yakakura kudarika kukosha kwakaratidzwa. Cellulose ether particle shape data inopihwa mumamicrometer (µm).

3.2 Cellulose ether mushure me particle morphology optimization

Tichifunga nezve mashandiro eiyo particle surface, iyo particle dissolution nguva ye cellulose ether particles ine tsvimbo-yakafanana particle shape zvakasimba zvinoenderana neavhareji faibha dhayamita DIFI (50,3). Zvichienderana nefungidziro iyi, basa rekusimudzira pa cellulose ethers raive rakanangana nekuwana zvigadzirwa zvine yakakura avhareji fiber dhayamita DIFI (50,3) kuvandudza kunyungudika kwehupfu.

Nekudaro, kuwedzera kweavhareji faibha kureba DIFI (50,3) haitarisirwe kuperekedzwa nekuwedzera kweavhareji saizi. Kuwedzera mativi ese ari maviri pamwe chete kunozokonzera zvidimbu zvakakurisa kuti zvinyunguduke zvachose mukati menguva yakajairika yegumi-sekondi yekubvongodza yekupfapfaidza kwemuchina.

Naizvozvo, yakanakira hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) inofanira kuva neavhareji yakakura fiber dhayamita DIFI (50,3) ichichengetedza avhareji yefiber kureba LEFI(50,3). Isu tinoshandisa itsva cellulose ether kugadzira maitiro kugadzira yakagadziridzwa HEMC. Chimiro chechidimbu chemvura-soluble cellulose ether inowanikwa kuburikidza neiyi nzira yekugadzira yakasiyana zvachose nechikamu chechimiro che cellulose chinoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa kugadzirwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, maitiro ekugadzira anobvumira chidimbu chechimiro dhizaini ye cellulose ether kuti ive yakazvimirira kubva pakugadzirwa kwayo mbishi.

Zvifananidzo zvitatu zvemaelectronic microscope: imwe ye cellulose ether inogadzirwa neyakajairwa maitiro, uye imwe ye cellulose ether inogadzirwa neiyo nzira nyowani ine dhayamita yakakura yeDIFI(50,3) pane yakajairwa process tool zvigadzirwa. Zvakare zvinoratidzwa morphology yeiyo yakatsetseka pasi cellulose inoshandiswa mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zviviri izvi.

Kuenzanisa ma electron micrographs e cellulose uye cellulose ether anogadzirwa neyakajairwa maitiro, zviri nyore kuwana kuti maviri aya ane akafanana morphological maitiro. Huwandu hukuru hwezvimedu mumifananidzo yese iri mbiri hunoratidza kazhinji kureba, zvimiro zvitete, zvichiratidza kuti zvakakosha morphological maficha haasati achinja kunyangwe mushure mekuita kwemakemikari kwaitika. Zviripachena kuti iyo particle morphology maitiro ezvakaita zvigadzirwa anoenderana zvakanyanya neyakagadzirwa zvinhu.

Zvakaonekwa kuti morphological hunhu hwe cellulose ether inogadzirwa neiyo nyowani maitiro akasiyana zvakanyanya, ine yakakura avhareji dhayamita DIFI (50,3), uye inonyanya kupa akatenderera mapfupi uye akakora particle maumbirwo, nepo akajairika matete uye marefu zvidimbu. mu cellulose raw materials Anenge apera.

Ichi chifananidzo chinoratidza zvakare kuti particle morphology ye cellulose ethers inogadzirwa nemaitiro matsva haasisina hukama ne morphology ye cellulose raw material - kubatana pakati pe morphology yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa uye chigadzirwa chekupedzisira hachisipo.

4. Mhedzisiro yeHEMC particle morphology pakugadzirwa kwemasumbu asina kunyorova muGSP.

GSP yakaedzwa pasi pemamiriro ekushandiswa kwemumunda kuona kuti fungidziro yedu nezve mashandisirwo ekushanda (kuti kushandisa cellulose ether chigadzirwa chine dhayamita hombe yeDIFI (50,3) kunoderedza kusanganisa kusingadiwe) kwaive chokwadi. HEMCs ane madhayamita anoreva DIFI (50,3) kubva pa37 µm kusvika ku52 µm akashandiswa mukuedza uku. Kuti uderedze pesvedzero yezvimwe zvinhu kunze kwechidimbu morphology, iyo gypsum plaster base uye zvimwe zvese zvinowedzera zvakachengetwa zvisina kuchinjwa. Iyo viscosity ye cellulose ether yakachengetwa nguva dzose panguva yekuedzwa (60,000mPa.s, 2% aqueous solution, yakayerwa neHAAKE rheometer).

Imwe inotengeswa gypsum sprayer (PFT G4) yakashandiswa kupfapfaidza mumiyedzo yekushandisa. Tarisa pakuongorora kuumbwa kweasina kunyorova clumps yegypsum mortar pakarepo mushure mekunge yaiswa kumadziro. Kuongororwa kwekurovera padanho iri mukati mekuita kweplastering application kucharatidza zvakanyanya mutsauko mukuita kwechigadzirwa. Muyedzo, vashandi vane ruzivo vakayera mamiriro ezvinhu, 1 achive akanakisa uye 6 ari akanyanya.

Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza zvakajeka kuwirirana pakati peavhareji fiber dhayamita DIFI (50,3) uye clumping performance mamaki. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yedu yekuti zvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether zvine hombe DIFI(50,3) zvakapfuura zvidiki DIFI(50,3) zvigadzirwa, avhareji zvibodzwa zveDIFI(50,3) zve52 µm zvaive 2 (zvakanaka) , nepo avo vane DIFI( 50,3) ye37µm uye 40µm yakawana 5 (kukundikana).

Sezvataitarisira, maitiro ekukoromoka mumashandisirwo eGSP anoenderana zvakanyanya neavhareji dhayamita DIFI(50,3) ye cellulose ether inoshandiswa. Uyezve, zvakataurwa muhurukuro yapfuura kuti pakati pese morphological parameters DIFI (50,3) yakakanganisa zvakanyanya nguva yekuparara kwe cellulose ether powders. Izvi zvinotsigira kuti cellulose ether dissolution nguva, iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa ne particle morphology, pakupedzisira inokanganisa kuumbwa kwezviputi muGSP. A DIFI yakakura (50,3) inokonzera nguva yakareba yekuparara kwehupfu, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekusangana. Zvisinei, nguva yakareba yekuparara kwehupfu ichaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti cellulose ether iparadze zvachose mukati menguva yekukurudzira yemidziyo yekupfapfaidza.

Chigadzirwa chitsva cheHEMC chine optimized dissolution profile nekuda kweavhareji yakakura yefiber diameter DIFI (50,3) haina kungoita weti iri nani yegypsum powder (sezvinoonekwa mu clumping evaluation), asi zvakare haina kukanganisa Kuchengeta kwemvura kushanda kwe. chigadzirwa. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kuyerwa maererano ne EN 459-2 kwakanga kusinga zivikanwe kubva kuHEMC zvigadzirwa zve viscosity yakafanana neDIFI(50,3) kubva pa37µm kusvika pa52µm. Zvose zviyero mushure memaminitsi mashanu nemaminitsi makumi matanhatu zvinowira mukati mehuwandu hunodiwa hunoratidzwa mugirafu.

Zvakadaro, zvakasimbiswa zvakare kuti kana DIFI(50,3) ikava hombe kwazvo, cellulose ether zvimedu hazvichanyungudika zvachose. Izvi zvakawanikwa pakuyedza DIFI (50,3) ye59 µM chigadzirwa. Yayo yekuchengeta mvura bvunzo mhinduro mushure memaminitsi mashanu uye kunyanya mushure memaminitsi makumi matanhatu yatadza kuzadzisa hushoma hunodiwa.

5. Pfupiso

Cellulose ethers zvakakosha zvinowedzera muGSP maumbirwo. Tsvagiridzo uye basa rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa pano rinotarisa kuwirirana pakati pechimedu morphology ye cellulose ethers uye kuumbwa kwemasumbu asina kunyorova (anonzi clumping) kana apfapfaidzwa nemuchina. Inobva pakufungidzira kwekushanda kwekushanda kuti nguva yekuparara kwe cellulose ether powder inokanganisa kunyorova kwegypsum powder nemvura uye nokudaro inokanganisa kuumbwa kwezviputi.

Nguva yekupera inotsamira pane particle morphology ye cellulose ether uye inogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa dijitari mifananidzo yekuongorora maturusi. MuGSP, cellulose ethers ine avhareji yakakura yedhiyamita yeDIFI (50,3) yakagadziridza hupfu hwekunyungudika, zvichibvumira nguva yakawanda yemvura kuti inyatsonyorovesa gypsum particles, nokudaro zvichiita kuti optimum anti-agglomeration. Iyi mhando ye cellulose ether inogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira itsva yekugadzira, uye chimiro chayo chechidimbu hachitsamiri pane yekutanga fomu yeyakagadzirwa kugadzirwa.

Avhareji yefayibha dhayamita DIFI (50,3) ine yakakosha mhedzisiro pa clumping, iyo yakasimbiswa nekuwedzera chigadzirwa ichi kune inotengeswa muchina-yakapfapfaidzwa gypsum base yekufirita panzvimbo. Uyezve, idzi bvunzo dzekupfapfaidza dzemumunda dzakasimbisa mhedzisiro yedu yemurabhoritari: zvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether zvinonyanya kuita neDIFI hombe (50,3) zvakanyungudika mukati menguva yefafitera yeGSP kubvongodza. Nokudaro, iyo cellulose ether chigadzirwa ine zvakanakisisa anti-caking properties mushure mekuvandudza chimiro chechidimbu chinoramba chichichengetedza maitiro ekutanga ekuchengetedza mvura.