Cellulose ether inoshandiswa mudhaka rakaoma rakasanganiswa

Mhedzisiro yeakawanda akajairika cellulose single ether uye yakasanganiswa ether mune yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka pakuchengetedza mvura uye kukora, fluidity, kushanda, mhepo-inopinza mhepo, uye kusimba kweakaoma-musanganiswa dhaka zvinoongororwa. Zviri nani pane imwe ether; nzira yekusimudzira yekushandiswa kwe cellulose ether mudhaka yakaoma-yakasanganiswa inotarisirwa.

Mazwi akakosha:cellulose ether; yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka; ether imwe chete; yakasanganiswa ether

Dhoka rechinyakare rine matambudziko akadai sekutsemuka kuri nyore, kubuda ropa, kusaita zvakanaka, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nezvimwewo, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvichatsiviwa nedhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa. Dry-mixed dhaka, inozivikanwawo sedhaka rekutanga-yakasanganiswa (yakaoma), hupfu hwakaoma, musanganiswa wakaoma, dhaka rehupfu hwakaoma, dhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa, idhaka rakapedzwa rakasanganiswa pasina kusanganisa mvura. Cellulose ether ine zvinhu zvakanakisa zvakadai sekukora, emulsification, kumiswa, kuumbwa kwemafirimu, inodzivirira colloid, kuchengetedza unyoro, uye kunamatira, uye yakakosha musanganiswa mudhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa.

Iri bepa rinosuma zvakanakira, zvisingabatsiri uye maitiro ekusimudzira cellulose ether mukushandiswa kwedhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa.

1. Hunhu hwekuoma-musanganiswa dhaka

Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuvaka, iyo yakaoma-yakavhenganiswa dhaka inogona kushandiswa mushure mekuyerwa nemazvo uye yakasanganiswa zvizere mumusangano wekugadzira, uye wozosanganiswa nemvura panzvimbo yekuvaka zvinoenderana neyakatemerwa mvura-simende ratio. Kana ichienzaniswa nedhaka rechinyakare, dhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa rine zvinotevera zvakanakira:①Yakanakisa mhando, yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka inogadzirwa zvinoenderana nesainzi formula, yakakura-yakakura otomatiki, yakasanganiswa neakakodzera admixtures kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chinogona kuzadzisa zvakakosha zvemhando zvinodiwa;②Yakasiyana-siyana Yakawanda, akasiyana madhiri ekuita anogona kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana;③Kuita kwakanaka kwekuvaka, nyore kushandisa uye kukwenya, kubvisa kudiwa kwe substrate pre-wetting uye yekuzotevera yekudiridza kugadzirisa;④Zviri nyore kushandisa, ingo wedzera mvura uye kumutsa, nyore kutakura uye kuchengeta, yakanakira manejimendi ekuvaka;⑤girini uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, pasina guruva panzvimbo yekuvaka, hapana mirwi yakasiyana-siyana yezvinhu zvakasvibirira, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza;⑥yehupfumi, yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka inodzivirira kushandiswa zvisina musoro kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira nekuda kwezvinwiwa zvinonzwisisika, uye inokodzera mechanization Kuvaka kunopfupisa kutenderera kwekuvaka uye kunoderedza mutengo wekuvaka.

Cellulose ether chinhu chakakosha musanganiswa wevhu rakaoma-musanganiswa dhaka. Cellulose ether inogona kuumba yakagadzikana calcium-silicate-hydroxide (CSH) musanganiswa nejecha uye simende kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro-kushanda zvinhu zvitsva zvedhaka.

2. Cellulose ether semusanganiswa

Cellulose ether imodified natural polymer umo maatomu ehydrogen ari paboka rehydroxyl mu cellulose structural unit anotsiviwa nemamwe mapoka. Rudzi, huwandu uye kugovera kwemapoka anotsiva pane cellulose main chain anosarudza rudzi uye hunhu.

Iro hydroxyl boka pa cellulose ether molecular chain inogadzira intermolecular oxygen bonds, iyo inogona kuvandudza kufanana uye kukwana kwe simenti hydration; kuwedzera kuwirirana kwedhaka, shandura rheology uye compressibility yedhaka; kunatsiridza kuputika kwemarara; Kupinza mweya, kuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka.

2.1 Kushandiswa kwecarboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ionic mvura-inonyungudika imwe cellulose ether, uye munyu wayo wesodium unowanzo shandiswa. Yakachena CMC ichena kana mukaka chena fibrous poda kana granules, isinganhuhwi uye isingaravike. Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuyera kunaka kweCMC idhigirii rekutsiva (DS) uye viscosity, pachena uye kugadzikana kwemhinduro.

Mushure mekuwedzera CMC kune dhaka, ine zviri pachena kukora uye kuchengetedza mvura mhedzisiro, uye kukora mhedzisiro kunoenderana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru uye dhigirii rekutsiva. Mushure mekuwedzera CMC kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere, yakayerwa kuti mwero wekutora mvura wesampu yevhu wakadzikira. Kudzikira kwemwero wekunyura kwemvura, kunowedzera mwero wekuchengetedza mvura; iyo yekuchengeta mvura mhedzisiro inowedzera nekuwedzera kweCMC yekuwedzera. Nekuda kwemaitiro akanaka ekuchengetedza mvura, inogona kuve nechokwadi kuti iyo yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka musanganiswa haina kubuda ropa kana kupatsanura. Parizvino, CMC inonyanya kushandiswa senge anti-scouring agent mumadhamu, docks, mabhiriji uye zvimwe zvivakwa, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemvura pasimende uye akaunganidzwa akakwana uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

CMC ionic compound uye ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pasimende, kana zvisina kudaro inogona kuita neCa (OH) 2 yakanyungudutswa mu simenti mushure mekusanganiswa mu simende slurry kuti igadzire mvura-insoluble calcium carboxymethylcellulose uye inorasikirwa neviscosity yayo, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuchengetwa kwemvura. yeCMC yakakanganiswa; iyo enzyme kuramba yeCMC haina kunaka.

2.2 Kushandiswa kwehydroxyethyl celluloseuye hydroxypropyl cellulose

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) uye hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) isiri-ionic mvura-inonyungudika imwe cellulose ethers ine munyu wakanyanya kuramba. HEC yakagadzikana kupisa; nyore kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora uye inopisa; apo pH kukosha iri 2-12, viscosity inoshandura zvishoma. HPC inonyungudika mumvura iri pasi pe40°C uye nhamba huru ye polar solvents. Iine thermoplasticity uye basa repamusoro. Iyo yakakwirira dhigirii yekutsiva, inodzikira tembiricha yemvura umo HPC inogona kunyungudika.

Sezvo huwandu hweHEC hwakawedzerwa kune dhaka hunowedzera, simba rekumanikidzika, simba rekugadzirisa uye kusagadzikana kwehutu hwehutu hunoderera munguva pfupi, uye kushanda kunochinja zvishoma nekufamba kwenguva. HEC inokanganisawo kugoverwa kwepores mumatope. Mushure mekuwedzera HPC kune dhaka, iyo porosity yedhaka yakaderera zvikuru, uye mvura inodiwa inoderedzwa, nokudaro kuderedza kushanda kwekushanda kwedhaka. Mukushandiswa chaiko, HPC inofanirwa kushandiswa pamwe chete neplasticizer kuvandudza mashandiro edhaka.

2.3 Kushandiswa kwemethyl cellulose

Methylcellulose (MC) isiri-ionic single cellulose ether, inogona kukurumidza kupararira uye kuzvimba mumvura inopisa pa80-90.°C, uye nyungudika nekukurumidza mushure mekutonhora pasi. Iyo aqueous solution yeMC inogona kugadzira gel. Kana inopisa, MC hainyungudika mumvura kuti iite gel, uye kana yatonhora, gel inonyunguduka. Ichi chiitiko chinogadziriswa zvachose. Mushure mekuwedzera MC kune dhaka, iyo yekuchengeta mvura mhedzisiro iri pachena yakagadziridzwa. Iko kuchengetwa kwemvura kweMC kunoenderana neayo viscosity, dhigirii rekutsiva, kunaka, uye huwandu hwekuwedzera. Kuwedzera MC kunogona kuvandudza anti-sagging pfuma yedhaka; kunatsiridza lubricity uye kufanana kwezvimedu zvakapararira, ita kuti dhaka rive rakapfava uye riwedzere yunifomu, mhedzisiro yetroweling uye kutsvedzerera kwakanyanya kunaka, uye kushanda kwekushanda kunovandudzwa.

Huwandu hweMC hwakawedzerwa hune simba guru pane dhaka. Kana iyo MC yemukati yakakura kupfuura 2%, simba redhaka rinoderedzwa kusvika hafu yepakutanga. Mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza mvura inowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo viscosity yeMC, asi kana viscosity yeMC inosvika kune imwe kukosha, solubility yeMC inoderera, kuchengetwa kwemvura hakuchinji zvakanyanya, uye kuita kwekuvaka kunoderera.

2.4 Kushandiswa kwehydroxyethylmethylcellulose uye hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

Imwe ether ine zvipingamupinyi zvehurombo dispersibility, agglomeration uye kukurumidza kuomeswa kana mari yakawedzerwa idiki, uye yakawandisa voids mudhaka kana mari yakawedzerwa yakakura, uye kuoma kwekongiri kunoderera; saka, kushanda, kudzvinyirira simba, uye kushanduka simba Kushanda hakuna kunaka. Maether akasanganiswa anogona kukurira kukanganisa kweether imwe kusvika pamwero wakati; mari yakawedzerwa ishoma pane yeether imwe chete.

Hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) uye hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) isiri-nonionic yakasanganiswa cellulose ether ine zvimiro zveimwe neimwe inotsiva cellulose ether.

Kuonekwa kweHEMC yakachena, isina-white powder kana granule, isina kunhuhwirira uye isina kunaka, hygroscopic, isingasviki mumvura inopisa. Kuparara hakugadziriswi nehuwandu hwepH (yakafanana neMC), asi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemapoka e-hydroxyethyl pamaketani e-molecular, HEMC ine kushivirira kwemunyu kune MC, iri nyore kunyunguduka mumvura, uye ine kutonhora kwepamusoro. HEMC ine simba rekuchengetedza mvura kupfuura MC; viscosity kugadzikana, mildew resistance, uye dispersibility yakasimba kudarika HEC.

HPMC ichena kana isina-chena hupfu, isina chepfu, isingaravi uye haina hwema. Kuita kweHPMC kune zvakasiyana siyana kwakasiyana. HPMC inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora kuita yakajeka kana zvishoma turbid colloidal mhinduro, inonyungudika mune zvimwe organic zvinonyungudutsa, uye zvakare inonyungudika mumvura. Mixed solvents of organic solvents, senge ethanol muchikamu chakakodzera, mumvura. Iyo aqueous solution ine maitiro epamusoro pekuita basa, kujekesa kwepamusoro uye kushanda kwakagadzikana. Kuparara kweHPMC mumvura hakunawo kukanganiswa nepH. Solubility inosiyana ne viscosity, iyo yakaderera iyo viscosity, iyo yakakura solubility. Nekudzikira kwemethoxyl yemukati mumamorekuru eHPMC, iyo gel point yeHPMC inowedzera, kunyungudika kwemvura kunodzikira, uye chiitiko chepamusoro chinodzikirawo. Pamusoro pezvakajairwa hunhu hwemamwe cellulose ethers, HPMC zvakare ine yakanaka yemunyu kuramba, dimensional kugadzikana, enzyme kuramba, uye yakakwira dispersibility.

Mabasa makuru eHEMC neHPMC mudhaka yakaoma-yakasanganiswa ndeaya anotevera.①Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwakanaka. HEMC uye HPMC inogona kuvimbisa kuti dhaka haizokonzeri matambudziko akadai sejecha, upfu uye kuderedza simba kwechigadzirwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemvura uye isina kukwana simenti hydration. Kuvandudza kufanana, kushanda uye kuomeswa kwechigadzirwa. Kana huwandu hweHPMC hwakawedzerwa hunopfuura 0.08%, kushushikana kwegoho uye viscosity yepurasitiki yedhaka inowedzera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPMC.②Sechinhu chinopinza mhepo. Kana zvirimo zveHEMC neHPMC zviri 0.5%, gasi rinenge rakakura, rinenge 55%. The flexural simba uye compressive simba rematope.③Vandudza kushanda. Kuwedzerwa kweHEMC neHPMC kunofambisa makadhi ematepi-layer dhaka uye paving yekupurasita dhaka.

HEMC neHPMC inogona kunonoka hydration yedhaka particles, DS ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inokanganisa hydration, uye mhedzisiro yemethoxyl yemukati pakunonoka hydration yakakura kupfuura iyo yehydroxyethyl uye hydroxypropyl content.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti cellulose ether ine zvakapetwa kaviri pakuita kwedhaka, uye inogona kuita basa rakanaka kana ikashandiswa zvakanaka, asi ichava nemhedzisiro yakaipa kana ikashandiswa zvisina kunaka. Kuitwa kwedhaka yakaoma-yakasanganiswa kunotanga kuenderana nekuchinjika kwe cellulose ether, uye iyo inoshanda cellulose ether inoenderanawo nezvinhu zvakaita sehuwandu uye kurongeka kwekuwedzera. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, mhando imwe chete ye cellulose ether inogona kusarudzwa, kana mhando dzakasiyana dze cellulose ether dzinogona kushandiswa pamwe chete.

3. Outlook

Iko kukurumidza kuvandudza kwevhu rakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka rinopa mikana nematambudziko ekuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwe cellulose ether. Vatsvagiri nevagadziri vanofanirwa kutora mukana wekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwavo, uye kushanda nesimba kuwedzera mhando uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa. Ichiri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwevhu rakaoma-musanganiswa dhaka, rakawana kusvetuka muindasitiri ye cellulose ether.