Cellulose ether uye latex poda mudhaka rekutengesa

Nhoroondo yebudiriro yedhaka rekutengesa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika inotsanangurwa muchidimbu, uye mashandiro epolymer yakaoma hupfu, cellulose ether uye latex poda, mune yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka rekutengesa inokurukurwa, kusanganisira kuchengetwa kwemvura, capillary kunyudzwa kwemvura, uye flexural simba re the dope. , kumanikidza simba, elastic modulus, uye pesvedzero ye bond tensile simba reyakasiyana tembiricha yekurapa.

Mazwi akakosha: trade mortar; nhoroondo yebudiriro; muviri uye michina zvinhu; cellulose ether; latex powder; effect

dhaka rekutengesa rinofanirwa kuona nzira yekusimudzira yekutanga, budiriro uye satuation senge kongiri yekutengesa. Munyori akakurudzira mu "China Building Materials" muna 1995 kuti kusimudzira uye kusimudzirwa muChina kungave kuchiri fungidziro, asi nhasi, dhaka rekutengesa rinozivikanwa nevanhu vari muindasitiri sekongiri yekutengeserana, uye kugadzirwa muChina kwatanga kuumbwa. . Hongu, ichiri yehucheche. Dhaka rekutengesa rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: pre-yakasanganiswa (yakaoma) dhaka uye yakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa dhaka. Premixed (yakaoma) dhaka inozivikanwawo sehupfu hwakaoma, musanganiswa wakaoma, dhaka rakaoma reupfu kana dhaka rakaoma. Iyo inoumbwa necementitious zvinhu, yakanaka aggregates, admixtures uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba. Iyo semi-yakapedzwa dhaka yakagadzirwa nechaiyo zvinhu uye yunifomu kusanganisa mufekitori, pasina kusanganisa mvura. Kusanganisa mvura kunowedzerwa paunenge uchibvongodza panzvimbo yekuvaka usati washandiswa. Yakasiyana kubva pre-mixed (dry) mortar, ready-mixed mortar inoreva dhaka rakanyatsosanganiswa mufekitori, kusanganisira mvura inosanganiswa. Iyi dhaka inogona kushandiswa zvakananga kana ichiendeswa kunzvimbo yekuvaka.

China yakagadzira dhaka rekutengesa zvine simba mukupera kwema1990. Nhasi, yakagadzira kusvika kumazana ezvidyarwa zvekugadzira, uye vagadziri vacho vanonyanya kugoverwa muBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza. Shanghai inzvimbo yakagadzira dhaka rezvigadzirwa kare. Muna 2000, Shanghai yakashambadza nekushandisa chiyero chemuno cheShanghai "Technical Regulations yeKugadzira uye Kushandiswa kweDry-Mixed Mortar" uye "Technical Regulations yeKugadzira uye Kushandisa kwe Ready-Mixed Mortar". The Notice on Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Motar, inotaura zvakajeka kuti kubva muna 2003 zvichienda mberi, mapurojekiti ese matsva ekuvaka mukati meRing Road achashandisa dhaka rakagadzirwa-rakasanganiswa (rekutengesa), uye kubva muna Ndira 1, 2004, mapurojekiti ese matsva ekuvaka muShanghai achaita. shandisa yakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa (yekutengesa) dhaka. ) dhaka, inova ndiyo yekutanga mutemo uye mutemo munyika yangu kusimudzira kushandiswa kweyakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa (commodity) dhaka. Muna Ndira 2003, iyo "Shanghai Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Mortar Product Certification Management Measures yakashambadzirwa, iyo yakashandisa certification manejimendi uye kubvumidza manejimendi kune yakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa (yekutengesa) dhaka, uye yakajekesa kugadzirwa kwakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa (yekutengesa) mabhizinesi edhaka. inofanirwa kuwana Tekinoroji mamiriro uye ekutanga marabhoritari mamiriro. MunaGunyana 2004, Shanghai yakapa "Chiziviso cheMitemo yakati wandei pamusoro peKushandisa Yakagadzirwa-Yakasanganiswa Tuka muZvirongwa Zvekuvaka muShanghai". Beijing yakazivisawo nekuita "Technical Regulations yeKugadzira uye Kushandisa kweCommodity Mortar". Guangzhou neShenzhen zvakare vari kuunganidza nekushandisa iyo "Technical Regulations yeKushandiswa kweDry-Mixed Mortar" uye "Technical Regulations yeKushandiswa kwe Ready-Mixed Mortar".

Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kugadzirwa kwedhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa uye kushandiswa, muna 2002, China Bulk Cement Promotion uye Development Association yakaita musangano wakaoma-musanganiswa wedhaka. Muna Kubvumbi 2004, China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association yakagadzira komiti yehunyanzvi yakasanganiswa yakaoma. Muna Chikumi naGunyana wegore rimwe chetero, masemina epasi rese uye epasi rose akaoma-akasanganiswa dhaka tekinoroji akaitwa muShanghai neBeijing zvakateerana. Muna Kurume 2005, Bazi reZvishandiso reChina Construction Indasitiri Association rakaitawo hurukuro yenyika pamusoro pekuvaka yakaoma-yakasanganiswa tekinoroji yedhaka uye musangano wekutsinhana wekusimudzira nekushandisa matekinoroji matsva nekubudirira kutsva. Bazi reZvinhu Zvekuvaka reArchitectural Society yeChina rinoronga kuita National Academic Exchange Conference paCommodity Mortar muna Mbudzi 2005.

Kufanana nekongiri yekutengeserana, dhaka rekutengesa rine hunhu hwekugadzirwa kwepakati uye kubatana kwakabatana, izvo zvinogona kugadzira mamiriro akanaka ekutora matekinoroji matsva uye zvigadzirwa, kuita kwakasimba kudzora kwemhando, kuvandudza nzira dzekuvaka, uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yeprojekiti. Kukwirira kwedhaka rekutengesa maererano nemhando, kushanda zvakanaka, hupfumi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvinongotarisirwa makore mashoma apfuura. Nekutsvagisa uye kusimudzira uye kukwidziridzwa uye kushandiswa, yakawedzera kuratidzwa uye iri kuzivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Munyori akagara achitenda kuti hukuru hwedhaka rekutengeserana hunogona kupfupikiswa mumashoko mana: mazhinji, anokurumidza, akanaka, uye ehupfumi; Kutsanya kunoreva kugadzirira zvinhu nekukurumidza uye kuvaka nekukurumidza; zvitatu zvakanaka kuchengetedza mvura zvakanaka, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kugara zvakanaka; matunhu mana ndeekuchengetedza basa, kuchengetedza zvinhu, kuchengetedza mari, uye kusanetsekana). Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwedhaka rekutengesa kunogona kuita kuvaka kwakabudirira, kuderedza nzvimbo dzekuisa zvinhu, uye kudzivirira guruva kubhururuka, nekudaro kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza chitarisiko cheguta.

Musiyano kubva pakongiri yekutengeserana ndewekuti dhaka rekutengesa rinonyanya kusanganiswa (yakaoma) dhaka, iro rinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasimba, uye musanganiswa unoshandiswa unowanzo upfu hwakasimba. Polymer-based poda inowanzonzi polymer yakaoma hupfu. Mamwe madhaka akasanganiswa (akaoma) anosanganiswa nemhando nhanhatu kana nomwe dzepolymer yakaoma hupfu, uye akasiyana epolymer yakaoma hupfu anoita mabasa akasiyana. Ichi chinyorwa chinotora imwe mhando ye cellulose ether uye imwe yemhando ye latex poda semienzaniso kuratidza basa repolymer yakaoma poda mune premixed (yakaoma) dhaka. Muchokwadi, iyi mhedzisiro inokodzera chero dhaka rekutengesa kusanganisira yakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa dhaka.

1. Kuchengeta mvura

Kuchengetedza kwemvura kwedhaka kunoratidzwa nehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura. Muyero wekuchengetedza mvura unoreva chiyero chemvura inochengetwa nedhaka richangobva kusanganiswa mushure mekunge bepa resefa ratora mvura kusvika mumvura. Kuwedzera kwe cellulose ether content kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekuchengetedza mvura yedhaka nyowani. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe latex powder kunogonawo kuvandudza zvakanyanya chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura yedhaka ichangobva kusanganiswa, asi mhedzisiro yacho ishoma kudarika ye cellulose ether. Kana cellulose ether nelatex powder zvasanganiswa, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura yedhaka ichangobva kusanganiswa yakakwirira kudarika yedhaka yakasanganiswa ne cellulose ether kana latex powder chete. Mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wekusanganiswa kwemusanganiswa ndiko kunyanya kukwirisa kwekusanganiswa kwepolymer imwe chete.

2. Capillary water absorption

Kubva pahukama huri pakati pemvura inonwisa coefficient yedhaka uye zviri mukati me cellulose ether, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mushure mekuwedzera cellulose ether, capillary mvura inopinza coefficient yematope inova diki, uye nekuwedzera kwezviri mukati cellulose ether, iyo mvura inonwisa coefficient of the modified mortar inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Diki. Kubva paukama huri pakati pemvura inopinza coefficient yedhaka uye chiyero che latex powder, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mushure mekuwedzera latex powder, capillary water absorption coefficient of mortar inovawo duku. Kazhinji kutaura, mvura inonwisa coefficient yedhaka inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kwelatex powder content.

3. Flexural simba

Kuwedzerwa kwe cellulose ether kunoderedza flexural simba redhaka. Kuwedzerwa kwe latex powder kunowedzera simba rekushanduka kwevhu. Latex powder uye cellulose ether zvinosanganiswa, uye simba rekushanduka kwevhu rakashandurwa harina kuchinja zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuita kwekombikiti yezviviri.

4. Kudzvinyirira simba

Zvakafanana nemhedzisiro yesimba rekuchinjika kwedhaka, kuwedzera kwe cellulose ether kunoderedza kudzvinyirira simba redhaka, uye kuderedzwa kwakanyanya. Asi kana zviri mukati me cellulose ether zvinodarika imwe kukosha, iyo yekumanikidza simba remodhi yakagadziridzwa haizochinji zvakanyanya.

Kana iyo latex powder inosanganiswa yoga, simba rekumanikidza revhu rakashandurwa rinoratidzawo kuderera kwemaitiro nekuwedzera kwe latex powder content. Latex poda uye cellulose ether yakasanganiswa, nekuchinja kwelatex poda yemukati, kuderera kwedhaka compressive simba kukosha kudiki.

5. Modulus ye elasticity

Zvakafanana nekuita kwe cellulose ether pane flexural simba redhaka, kuwedzerwa kwe cellulose ether kunoderedza dynamic modulus yedhaka, uye nekuwedzera kwe cellulose ether content, dynamic modulus yedhaka inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana zviri mukati me cellulose ether yakakura, iyo dynamic modulus yedhaka inochinja zvishoma nekuwedzera kwezviri mukati.

Kusiyanisa maitiro edhaka rine simba modulus ine latex poda yemukati yakafanana neiyo dhaka inomanikidza simba ine latex poda yemukati. Kana iyo latex powder inowedzerwa yoga, iyo inoshandura modulus yevhu yakagadziridzwa inoratidzawo maitiro ekutanga kuderera uyezve kuwedzera zvishoma, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera nekuwedzera kwe latex powder content. Apo latex powder uye cellulose ether zvakasanganiswa, iyo modulus ine simba yedhaka inowanzoderera zvishoma nekuwedzera kwe latex powder content, asi mararamiro ekuchinja haasi makuru.

6. Bond tensile simba

Mamiriro ekurapa akasiyana (tsika yemhepo-yakarapwa mumhepo yakajairika kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere; tsika yakasanganiswa-yakarapwa mumhepo yakajairwa tembiricha kwemazuva manomwe, ichiteverwa nemazuva makumi maviri nerimwe mumvura; tsika yechando-yakasanganiswa tsika kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere uyezve makumi maviri neshanu kunyungudutswa kwechando. ; kupisa tsika-yemhepo tsika kwemazuva gumi nemana Mushure mekuiisa pa70°C ye7d), hukama huri pakati pesimba rakasungirirwa redhaka uye huwandu hweselulosi ether. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuwedzerwa kwe cellulose ether kunobatsira pakuvandudzika kwesimba rakasungirirwa resimenti dhaka; zvisinei, dhigirii rekuwedzera mu bonded tensile simba rakasiyana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekurapa. Mushure mekubatanidza 3% latex poda, iyo yekubatanidza inosunga simba pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekurapa anogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya.

Hukama pakati pematope bond tensile simba uye latex poda yemukati pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekurapa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuwedzerwa kwe latex powder kunobatsira pakuvandudza simba rekugadzirisa kwechisungo chevhu, asi mari yekuwedzera yakakura kudarika ye cellulose ether.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mupiro wepolymer kune zvivakwa zvedhaka mushure mekuchinja kukuru kwekushisa. Mushure memaitiro makumi maviri neshanu ekunyorova kwechando, zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa tembiricha yekurapa mhepo uye mhepo-mvura yakasanganiswa yekurapa mamiriro, iyo bonding tensile simba kukosha kwezviyero zvese zvesamende dhaka zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya kune yakajairwa dhaka, yayo yekubatanidza tensile simba kukosha kwadzikira kusvika 0.25MPa; yepolymer yakaoma poda yakagadziridzwa simende dhaka, kunyangwe iyo inosungirira kusimba kwesimba mushure mechando-inonyunguduka mitsetse yadzikirawo zvakanyanya, inenge ichiri pa 0.5MPa pamusoro. Nekuwedzera kwemukati we cellulose ether uye latex powder, iyo bond tensile simba kurasikirwa mwero wesamende dhaka mushure mechando-thaw cycles yakaratidza kuderera kwemaitiro. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ese cellulose ether uye latex poda inogona kuvandudza kutonhora-kunyunguduka cycle kuita kwesamende dhaka, uye mukati meimwe mhando yedosi, iyo yakakura dosage yepolymer yakaoma poda, zvirinani kuita kunyungudika-kunyunguduka kwesamende dhaka. Iyo yakasungirirwa kusimba kwesimba resimende dhaka rakagadziridzwa ne cellulose ether uye latex poda mushure mechando-inonyunguduka mitsetse yakakura kupfuura iyo yesamende dhaka yakagadziridzwa neimwe yepolymer yakaoma poda yega, uye cellulose ether Mushonga unosanganiswa nelatex powder inoita bond tensile simba kurasikirwa mwero wesamende dhaka diki mushure mechando-yanyungudika kutenderera.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti pasi pemamiriro ekurapa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, simba rakasungirirwa resimbi yakagadziridzwa yesamende ichiri kuwedzera nekuwedzera kwe cellulose ether kana latex powder content, asi kana ichienzaniswa nemamiriro ekuporesa mhepo uye mamiriro ekurapa akasanganiswa. Iyo yakaderera zvakanyanya, kunyange yakaderera pane pasi pechando-thaw cycle mamiriro. Zvinoratidza kuti tembiricha yepamusoro yemamiriro ekunze ndiyo yakaipisisa mamiriro ekuita bonding. Kana yakasanganiswa ne 0-0.7% cellulose ether chete, simba rekusimba redhaka pasi pekupisa tembiricha yekurapa haipfuure 0.5MPa. Kana iyo latex poda yakasanganiswa yega, iyo yekubatanidza simba rekusimba kukosha kweakagadziridzwa simende dhaka inongopfuura 0.5 MPa kana iyo yakawanda yakakura (senge 8%). Zvisinei, apo cellulose ether uye latex powder zvakasanganiswa uye huwandu hwezviviri huri hudiki, kusungirirwa kwesimba resimende pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro kwekuporesa mamiriro makuru kupfuura 0.5 MPa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti cellulose ether uye latex powder inogonawo kuvandudza kusungirirwa kusimba kwesimba revhu pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwepamusoro, kuitira kuti dhaka resimende rive nekugadzikana kwakanaka kwekushisa uye kushanduka kwekushisa kwepamusoro, uye mhedzisiro yacho inonyanya kukosha kana maviri acho akabatanidzwa.

7. Mhedziso

Kuvaka kweChina kuri kukwira, uye kuvaka kwedzimba kuri kuwedzera gore negore, kunosvika mabhiriyoni maviri m² gore rino, zvivakwa zvevoruzhinji, mafekitari uye kuvaka kwekugara, uye zvivakwa zvekugara zvinotora chikamu chikuru. Mukuwedzera, kune nhamba huru yedzimba dzekare dzinoda kugadziriswa. Mazano matsva, zvishandiso zvitsva, matekinoroji matsva, uye mwero mitsva zvinodiwa pakuvaka nekugadziriswa kwedzimba. Zvinoenderana ne "Gumi-Makore mashanu Plan Plan Outline yekuvaka Energy Conservation yeBazi Rekuvaka" yakaziviswa neBazi rezvekuvaka musi waChikumi 20, 2002, basa rekuchengetedza simba rekuvaka panguva ye "Gumi-Makore mashanu Plan" rinofanira kuramba richichengetedza. kuvaka simba nekuvandudza nharaunda yekudziya kwechivako uye kugadzirisa madziro. Zvichienderana nemusimboti wekusanganiswa, dhizaini ye50% yekuchengetedza simba inofanirwa kuitwa zvizere muzvivakwa zvitsva zvekudziya zvekugara mumaguta munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya uye dzinotonhora kuchamhembe. Zvose izvi zvinoda zvinhu zvinotsigira zvinoenderana. Huwandu hwadzo dhaka, zvinosanganisira dhaka remasonry, dhaka rekugadzirisa, dhaka risingapinde mvura, dhaka rinopisa, dhaka repamusoro, dhaka repasi, zvinonamira zvidhinha, kongiri interface maajenti, caulking madhaka, akakosha madhiri ekunze emadziro ekudzivirira masisitimu, nezvimwe. kuve nechokwadi cheinjiniya mhando uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda, dhaka rekutengesa rinofanira kugadzirwa zvine simba. Iyo polymer yakaoma poda ine mabasa akasiyana, uye iyo yakasiyana-siyana uye dosi inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekushandiswa. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune kuchinja kukuru kwekushisa kwemukati, kunyanya kukanganisa kwekubatanidza kushanda kwedhaka kana mamiriro ekunze akakwirira.