Ninde polymer witwa selile naturel?

Cellulose isanzwe ni polymer igoye nicyo kintu cyibanze cyubaka urukuta rwibimera. Iyi polysaccharide igira uruhare runini mugutanga imbaraga, gukomera no gushyigikira ingirabuzimafatizo, bigira uruhare muburyo rusange bwimiterere yibihingwa.

Cellulose isanzwe ni polysaccharide, karubone ya hydrata igizwe n'iminyururu miremire ya glucose ihuza hamwe na β-1,4-glycosidic. Nibimwe mubintu byinshi byingirakamaro ku isi kandi biboneka cyane cyane murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima. Gahunda idasanzwe ya molekile ya selile itanga ingirangingo zibihingwa imbaraga zidasanzwe nigihe kirekire, bigatuma iba ikintu cyingenzi cyimiterere yimikorere nimirimo.

Imiterere ya selile isanzwe

Igice cyibanze cyimikorere ya selile ni urunigi rwumurongo wa β-D-glucose ya molekile, aho buri glucose ihujwe nigice gikurikira glucose hamwe na β-1,4-glycosidic. bond-inkwano zitanga selile yihariye idasanzwe kandi idafite ishami. Bitandukanye na krahisi (indi polysaccharide ikozwe muri glucose), selile ntishobora guterwa nibinyabuzima byinshi bitewe nuko hariho beta-ihuza, imisemburo nka amylase ntishobora kumeneka.

Gusubiramo ibice bya glucose muminyururu ya selile ikora iminyururu ndende igororotse ifashwe hamwe na hydrogène intermolecular. Iyi nkunga igira uruhare mu gushiraho microfibrile, ikomeza guteranya kugirango ibe inyubako nini bita fibre selile. Itondekanya rya fibre itanga imbaraga nubukomezi bwo gutera inkuta za selile.

Inkomoko ya fibre naturel

igihingwa:

Igiti: Igiti gikungahaye kuri selile kandi ni isoko nyamukuru yo gukoresha inganda.

Impamba: Fibre fibre hafi ya selile yuzuye, bigatuma ipamba imwe mumasoko y'agaciro ya polymer.

Hemp: Bisa na pamba, fibre fibre igizwe ahanini na selile.

Algae:

Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa algae burimo selile mu nkuta za selile, bigira uruhare muburinganire bwimiterere yibi binyabuzima bya fotosintetike.

bagiteri:

Bagiteri zimwe zitanga selile, zikora urwego rukingira rwitwa biofilm. Iyi bagiteri selile ifite imiterere yihariye ituma igira agaciro mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Biosynthesis ya selile

Cellulose biosynthesis iboneka cyane cyane muri plasma membrane ya selile yibimera. Inzira ikubiyemo enzyme igoye ya selulose synthase, itera polymerisiyasi yibice bya glucose muminyururu ya selile. Iyi minyururu isohoka muri plasma membrane kandi ikora microfibrile murukuta rw'akagari.

Ibyiza bya selile

Ubudahangarwa:

Bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwa kristalline, selile ntishobora gushonga mumazi hamwe nudukoko twinshi.

Hydrophilicity:

Nubwo idashonga, selile ifite hydrophilique, ituma ikurura kandi ikagumana amazi.

Ibinyabuzima bigabanuka:

Cellulose irashobora kwangirika bityo ikangiza ibidukikije. Microorganismes nka bagiteri na fungi zifite imisemburo igabanya selile mubice byoroshye.

Imbaraga za mashini:

Gahunda idasanzwe ya molekile ya selile itanga fibre ya selile imbaraga zidasanzwe zubukanishi, bigatuma zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.

Gukoresha selile karemano

imyenda:

Impamba igizwe ahanini na selile kandi ni ibikoresho nyamukuru byinganda zikora imyenda.

Impapuro n'impapuro:

Ibiti byimbaho ​​bikungahaye kuri selile kandi bikoreshwa mugukora impapuro namakarito.

Gukoresha ibinyabuzima:

Indwara ya bagiteri isanga porogaramu mu kwambara ibikomere, gukora ingirabuzimafatizo, no gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bitewe na biocompatibilité n'imiterere yihariye.

inganda z'ibiribwa:

Ibikomoka kuri selile, nka carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), bikoreshwa mu nganda zibiribwa nkibibyimbye na stabilisateur.

Ibikomoka kuri peteroli:

Biyomasi ya selile irashobora gukoreshwa nk'amatungo yo kubyara ibicanwa, bigira uruhare mu mbaraga zirambye.

Inzitizi n'ibizaza

Nuburyo butandukanye, hariho imbogamizi mugukoresha selile nyinshi. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuvoma, kunoza ibinyabuzima no kongera imikorere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri selile ni ibice byubushakashatsi bukomeje. Byongeye kandi, iterambere muri biotechnologie rishobora gutuma ubwubatsi bwibimera bifite selile yahinduwe kugirango ikoreshwe mu nganda.

Cellulose isanzwe ni polymer ihwanye nurukuta rw'ibimera kandi igira uruhare runini muguhindura imiterere yibimera. Imiterere yihariye ituruka ku gutondekanya ibice bya glucose bihujwe na β-1,4-glycosideque, bigaha ingirabuzimafatizo imbaraga n’ibikomeye. Cellulose iva ahantu hatandukanye, kuva ku giti kugeza ku ipamba kugeza kuri selile ya bagiteri, ikayiha uburyo butandukanye mu nganda zitandukanye.

Mugihe ikoranabuhanga na biotechnologiya bikomeje gutera imbere, ubushakashatsi bwubushobozi bwa selile buraguka. Kuva kumikoreshereze gakondo mumyenda nimpapuro kugeza mubikorwa bishya mubuhanga bwibinyabuzima ningufu zirambye, selile naturel ikomeza kuba ikintu cyingenzi cyane. Gusobanukirwa imiterere, imiterere ninkomoko ningirakamaro mugukingura ubushobozi bwuzuye bwiyi polymer idasanzwe kugirango ikemure ibibazo nibikenewe byisi yihuta cyane.