Ni irihe sano riri hagati ya DS n'uburemere bwa molekuline ya Sodium CMC

Sodium carboxymethyl selulose (CMC) ni polymer itandukanye y'amazi ashonga ya polymer ikomoka kuri selilose, mubisanzwe polysaccharide iboneka murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, zirimo ibiryo, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, imyenda, no gucukura amavuta, kubera imiterere yihariye n'imikorere.

Imiterere n'imiterere ya Sodium CMC:

CMC ikomatanyirizwa hamwe no guhindura imiti ya selile, aho amatsinda ya carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) yinjizwa mumugongo wa selile binyuze muri etherification cyangwa esterification reaction. Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) bivuga impuzandengo ya matsinda ya carboxymethyl kumurwi wa glucose murwego rwa selile. Indangagaciro za DS zisanzwe kuva kuri 0.2 kugeza kuri 1.5, bitewe na synthesis imiterere nibintu byifuzwa bya CMC.

Uburemere bwa molekuline ya CMC bivuga ubunini buringaniye bwurunigi rwa polymer kandi burashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe ninkomoko ya selile, uburyo bwa synthesis, uburyo bwo kubyitwaramo, hamwe nubuhanga bwo kweza. Uburemere bwa molekuline bukunze kurangwa nibipimo nkuburemere bwikigereranyo cya molekuline (Mn), uburemere-buringaniye bwa molekile (Mw), hamwe nuburemere-buringaniye bwa molekile (Mv).

Synthesis ya Sodium CMC:

Synthesis ya CMC mubisanzwe ikubiyemo reaction ya selile na hydroxide ya sodium (NaOH) na acide chloroacetic (ClCH2COOH) cyangwa umunyu wa sodiumi (NaClCH2COOH). Igisubizo kinyura mugusimbuza nucleophilique, aho amatsinda ya hydroxyl (-OH) kumugongo wa selile yifata hamwe nitsinda rya chloroacetyl (-ClCH2COOH) kugirango bagire amatsinda ya carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH).

DS ya CMC irashobora kugenzurwa muguhindura umubyimba wa aside ya chloroacetike na selile, igihe cyo kubyitwaramo, ubushyuhe, pH, nibindi bipimo mugihe cya synthesis. Indangagaciro za DS zisanzwe zigerwaho hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwa aside ya chloroacetike nigihe kinini cyo kubyitwaramo.

Uburemere bwa molekuline ya CMC buterwa nimpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekuline yo gutangira ibintu bya selile itangira, urugero rwo kwangirika mugihe cya synthesis, hamwe nurwego rwa polymerisiyasi yiminyururu ya CMC. Uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyitwaramo bishobora kuvamo CMC hamwe nogukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekuline hamwe nubunini buringaniye.

Isano Hagati ya DS nuburemere bwa Molecular:

Isano iri hagati yurwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) nuburemere bwa molekuline ya sodium carboxymethyl selulose (CMC) iragoye kandi iterwa nimpamvu nyinshi zijyanye na synthesis ya CMC, imiterere, nibintu.

1. Ingaruka za DS kuburemere bwa molekulari:
   • Indangagaciro za DS zo hejuru muri rusange zihuye nuburemere buke bwa CMC. Ibi ni ukubera ko indangagaciro za DS zerekana urwego runini rwo gusimbuza amatsinda ya carboxymethyl kumurongo wa selile, biganisha kumurongo muto wa polymer hamwe nuburemere buke bwa molekile ugereranije.
   • Kwinjiza amatsinda ya carboxymethyl bihagarika hydrogène intermolecular ihuza iminyururu ya selile, bikavamo urunigi no gucikamo ibice mugihe cya synthesis. Iyi nzira yo gutesha agaciro irashobora gutuma igabanuka ryuburemere bwa molekile ya CMC, cyane cyane kubiciro bya DS byo hejuru hamwe nibisubizo byinshi.
   • Ibinyuranye, indangagaciro za DS zifitanye isano niminyururu ndende ya polymer hamwe nuburemere buke bwa molekile ugereranije. Ni ukubera ko impamyabumenyi yo hasi yo gusimbuza itera amatsinda mato ya carboxymethyl kuri glucose, bigatuma ibice birebire byiminyururu ya selile idahinduwe bikomeza kuba byiza.
2. Ingaruka yuburemere bwa molekuline kuri DS:
   • Uburemere bwa molekuline ya CMC burashobora guhindura urwego rwo gusimbuza kugerwaho mugihe cya synthesis. Uburemere buke bwa molekuline ya selile irashobora gutanga imbuga nyinshi zifatika za carboxymethylation reaction, bigatuma urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimburwa rugerwaho mugihe runaka.
   • Nyamara, uburemere bukabije bwa molekuline ya selile irashobora kandi kubangamira uburyo amatsinda ya hydroxyl yogusimbuza ibisubizo, biganisha kuri carboxymethylation ituzuye cyangwa idakora neza hamwe nagaciro ka DS.
   • Byongeye kandi, uburemere bwa molekuline yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bya selile bishobora gutangira gukwirakwiza indangagaciro za DS mubicuruzwa bya CMC bivamo. Heterogeneité muburemere bwa molekuline irashobora kuvamo guhinduka muburyo bwo gukora no gusimbuza imikorere mugihe cya synthesis, biganisha kumurongo mugari wa DS mubicuruzwa bya nyuma bya CMC.

Ingaruka za DS hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline kumiterere ya CMC nibisabwa:

1. Imiterere ya Rheologiya:
   • Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline ya CMC birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yabyo, harimo ubwiza, imyitwarire yo kunanura imisatsi, hamwe na gel.
   • Indangagaciro za DS zo hejuru muri rusange zitera viscoscies zo hasi hamwe nimyitwarire ya pseudoplastique (shear thinning) kubera iminyururu migufi ya polymer no kugabanuka kwa molekile.
   • Ibinyuranye, indangagaciro ya DS yo hasi hamwe nuburemere buke bwa molekuline bikunda kongera ubukana no kongera imyitwarire ya pseudoplastique yibisubizo bya CMC, biganisha kumubyimba no guhagarika ibintu.
2. Amazi meza no kubyimba:
   • CMC ifite agaciro gakomeye DS ikunda kwerekana amazi menshi hamwe nigipimo cyihuta cyamazi bitewe nubunini bwinshi bwamatsinda ya hydrophilique carboxymethyl kumurongo wa polymer.
   • Nyamara, agaciro gakabije ka DS gashobora nanone gutuma kugabanuka kwamazi no kwiyongera kwa gel, cyane cyane mubutumburuke bwinshi cyangwa imbere ya cations nyinshi.
   • Uburemere bwa molekuline ya CMC burashobora kugira ingaruka kumyitwarire yabyo no kubika amazi. Uburemere buke bwa molekuline muri rusange butera umuvuduko muke hamwe nubushobozi bwinshi bwo gufata amazi, ibyo bikaba byiza mubikorwa bisaba kurekurwa cyangwa kugenzura neza.
3. Gukora Firime na Barrière Ibyiza:
   • Filime ya CMC ikozwe mubisubizo cyangwa ikwirakwizwa yerekana inzitizi zirwanya ogisijeni, ubushuhe, nizindi myuka, bigatuma bikenerwa no gupakira no gutwikira.
   • Uburemere bwa DS hamwe na molekuline ya CMC birashobora guhindura imbaraga zumukanishi, guhinduka, no gutembera kwa firime zavuyemo. Indangagaciro za DS zo hejuru hamwe nuburemere buke bwa molekuline zirashobora kuganisha kuri firime zifite imbaraga zingana kandi zoroha cyane kubera iminyururu migufi ya polymer no kugabanya imikoranire hagati ya intermolecular.
4. Porogaramu mu nganda zitandukanye:
   • CMC ifite indangagaciro zitandukanye za DS hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile isanga ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo ibiryo, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, imyenda, hamwe no gucukura amavuta.
   • Mu nganda zibiribwa, CMC ikoreshwa nkibyimbye, stabilisateur, na emulisiferi mubicuruzwa nka sosi, imyambarire, n'ibinyobwa. Guhitamo icyiciro cya CMC biterwa nuburyo bwifuzwa, umunwa, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango ibicuruzwa byanyuma bishoboke.
   • Mu miti ya farumasi, CMC ikora nk'ibikoresho, bidahuza, kandi bikora firime muri tableti, capsules, no guhagarika umunwa. Uburemere bwa DS hamwe na molekuline ya CMC birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiti irekura ibiyobyabwenge, bioavailable, no kubahiriza abarwayi.
   • Mu nganda zo kwisiga, CMC ikoreshwa mumavuta, amavuta yo kwisiga, hamwe nibicuruzwa byogosha umusatsi nkibibyimbye, stabilisateur, hamwe nubushuhe. Guhitamo icyiciro cya CMC biterwa nibintu nkimiterere, gukwirakwizwa, hamwe nibiranga amarangamutima.
   • Mu nganda zicukura peteroli, CMC ikoreshwa mugutobora amazi nka viscosifier, agent igenzura igihombo, hamwe na shale inhibitor. Uburemere bwa DS hamwe na molekuline ya CMC birashobora guhindura imikorere yayo mukubungabunga umutekano mwiza, kugenzura igihombo cyamazi, no kubuza kubyimba ibumba.

Umwanzuro:

Isano iri hagati yurwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) nuburemere bwa molekuline ya sodium carboxymethyl selulose (CMC) iragoye kandi iterwa nimpamvu nyinshi zijyanye na synthesis ya CMC, imiterere, nibintu. Indangagaciro za DS zo hejuru muri rusange zihuye nuburemere buke bwa CMC, mugihe agaciro ka DS kari hasi hamwe nuburemere buke bwa molekuline bikunda kuvamo iminyururu ndende ya polymer hamwe nuburemere buke bwa molekile ugereranije. Gusobanukirwa iyi sano ningirakamaro mugutezimbere imitungo n'imikorere ya CMC mubikorwa bitandukanye mu nganda, harimo ibiryo, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, imyenda, no gucukura peteroli. Ubundi bushakashatsi nimbaraga ziterambere birakenewe kugirango tumenye uburyo bwibanze kandi tunonosore synthesis hamwe nibiranga CMC hamwe na DS ikwiranye nogukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekuline kubikorwa byihariye.