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Tio2 ni iki?

Tio2 ni iki?

TiO2, mu magambo ahinnyeDioxyde ya Titanium, ni ihuriro ryinshi hamwe ningeri zinyuranye zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Iyi ngingo, igizwe na atani ya titanium na ogisijeni, ifite akamaro kubera imiterere yihariye n'imikoreshereze itandukanye. Muri ubu bushakashatsi bwimbitse, tuzacukumbura imiterere, imitungo, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, gushyira mubikorwa, gutekereza kubidukikije, hamwe nigihe kizaza cya dioxyde de titanium.

Dioxyde de-Titanium Yibiryo: Ibiranga, Gushyira mu bikorwa, no Gutekereza ku mutekano Intangiriro: Dioxyde ya Titanium (TiO2) ni imyunyu ngugu isanzwe iboneka yakoreshejwe cyane nka pigment yera mu nganda zinyuranye zikoreshwa mu nganda zayo nziza kandi nziza. Mu myaka yashize, dioxyde de titanium nayo yabonye inzira mu nganda z’ibiribwa nk'inyongeramusaruro, izwi ku izina rya dioxyde de titanium. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasesengura imiterere, ibisabwa, gutekereza ku mutekano, hamwe nuburyo bugenga ibiryo bya titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibyiza bya Dioxyde ya Titanium Yibiryo: Dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwibiryo isangira imitungo myinshi na mugenzi wayo w’inganda, ariko hitawe cyane cyane ku kwihaza mu biribwa. Mubisanzwe ibaho muburyo bwa poro nziza, yera kandi izwiho indangagaciro yo hejuru cyane, itanga ububobere bwiza nubucyo. Ingano yubunini bwibiryo byo mu rwego rwa titanium dioxyde igenzurwa neza kugirango harebwe itandukaniro rimwe kandi bigira ingaruka nke kumiterere cyangwa uburyohe mubicuruzwa byibiribwa. Byongeye kandi, dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikunze gukorerwa uburyo bukomeye bwo kweza kugirango ikureho umwanda n’ibyanduye, byemeze ko bikoreshwa mu gukoresha ibiryo. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro: Dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro hakoreshejwe uburyo karemano nubukorikori. Dioxyde de titanium isanzwe iboneka mumabuye y'agaciro, nka rutile na ilmenite, binyuze mubikorwa nko gukuramo no kweza. Ku rundi ruhande, dioxyde de sintetike ya sintetike, ikorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwa shimi, ubusanzwe burimo reaction ya titanium tetrachloride hamwe na ogisijeni cyangwa dioxyde de sulfure ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Hatitawe ku buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ngombwa kugira ngo dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa yujuje ubuziranenge bukomeye n’umutekano. Ibisabwa mu nganda zibiribwa: Dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikora cyane cyane nk'umuzungu wera na opacifier mubicuruzwa byinshi byibiribwa. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubirungo, amata, ibicuruzwa bitetse, nibindi byiciro byibiribwa kugirango byongere ubwiza bwibintu hamwe nibiribwa. Kurugero, dioxyde ya titanium yongewe kumyenda ya bombo kugirango igere kumabara meza ndetse no mubikomoka ku mata nka yogurt na ice cream kugirango bitezimbere ububobere bwabo. Mu bicuruzwa bitetse, dioxyde ya titanium ifasha gukora isura nziza, imwe mubicuruzwa nko gukonjesha no kuvanga cake. Imiterere igenga no gutekereza ku mutekano: Umutekano wa dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni ingingo ikomeje kugibwaho impaka no kugenzura amabwiriza. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isi ku isi, harimo n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) muri Amerika ndetse n’ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) mu Burayi, basuzumye umutekano wa dioxyde de titanium nk'inyongeramusaruro. Mu gihe dioxyde ya titanium isanzwe izwi nk’umutekano (GRAS) iyo ikoreshejwe mu gihe cyagenwe, hagaragaye impungenge z’ingaruka z’ubuzima zishobora guterwa no kuyikoresha, cyane cyane mu buryo bwa nanoparticle. Ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku buzima: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko nanoparticles ya titanium dioxyde, iri munsi ya nanometero 100 mu bunini, ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu nzitizi z’ibinyabuzima no kwirundanyiriza mu ngingo, bigatuma impungenge z’umutekano wabo. Ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa bwerekanye ko urugero rwinshi rwa titanium dioxyde de nanoparticles rushobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku mwijima, impyiko, n’izindi ngingo. Byongeye kandi, hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko titanium dioxyde de nanoparticles ishobora gutera okiside itera no gutwika mu ngirabuzimafatizo, bikaba byagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’indwara zidakira. Ingamba zo kugabanya no guhitamo: Gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’umutekano wa dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa, hashyizweho ingamba zo guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwo kwera hamwe na opacifiseri zishobora kugera ku ngaruka nkizo nta ngaruka zishobora guteza ubuzima. Bamwe mu bakora inganda barimo gushakisha ubundi buryo busanzwe, nka calcium karubone na krahisi yumuceri, nkibisimbuza dioxyde ya titanium mubiribwa bimwe na bimwe. Byongeye kandi, iterambere muri nanotehnologiya hamwe nubwubatsi bwa tekinike birashobora gutanga amahirwe yo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na titanium dioxyde de nanoparticles binyuze muburyo bunoze bwo gushushanya no guhindura ubuso. Kumenyekanisha Abaguzi no Kumenyekanisha: Kwandika neza no kwigisha abaguzi ni ngombwa mu kumenyesha abakiriya ko hari inyongeramusaruro y'ibiribwa nka dioxyde ya titanium mu bicuruzwa. Ibimenyetso bisobanutse kandi byukuri birashobora gufasha abakiriya guhitamo neza no kwirinda ibicuruzwa birimo inyongeramusaruro bashobora kuba bafite sensitivité cyangwa impungenge. Byongeye kandi, kongera ubumenyi bw’inyongeramusaruro n’ingaruka zishobora kugira ku buzima birashobora guha imbaraga abakiriya kunganira urunigi rw’ibiribwa rwizewe kandi rweruye. Icyerekezo kizaza hamwe nubuyobozi bwubushakashatsi: Ejo hazaza h'ibiribwa byo mu rwego rwa titanium dioxyde ishingiye kubikorwa byubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa kugirango dusobanukirwe neza imiterere y’umutekano n'ingaruka z’ubuzima. Iterambere rikomeje muri nanotoxicologie, gusuzuma imurikagurisha, no gusuzuma ingaruka bizaba ingenzi mu kumenyesha ibyemezo bifata ibyemezo no kwemeza ikoreshwa rya dioxyde de titanium mu gukoresha ibiryo. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwibindi bikoresho byera hamwe na opacifiers bitanga amasezerano yo gukemura ibibazo by’abaguzi no guteza imbere udushya mu nganda z’ibiribwa. Umwanzuro: Dioxyde de vitamine yo mu rwego rwo hejuru igira uruhare runini mu nganda z’ibiribwa nkumukozi wera na opacifier, byongera ubwiza bwibonekeje hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa byibiribwa. Nyamara, impungenge z'umutekano wacyo, cyane cyane muburyo bwa nanoparticle, zatumye hasuzumwa amabwiriza hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeje. Mugihe dukomeje gushakisha umutekano ningirakamaro bya dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ni ngombwa gushyira imbere umutekano w’abaguzi, gukorera mu mucyo, no guhanga udushya mu rwego rwo gutanga ibiribwa.

Imiterere n'ibigize

Dioxyde ya Titanium ifite formulaire yimiti yoroshye: TiO2. Imiterere ya molekulire igizwe na atome imwe ya titanium ihujwe na atome ebyiri za ogisijeni, ikora latike ihamye. Uruvange rubaho muri polymorphs nyinshi, hamwe nuburyo bukunze kuba rutile, anatase, na brookite. Iyi polymorphs yerekana ibintu bitandukanye bya kristu, biganisha ku gutandukana mubintu byabo no mubikorwa.

Rutile nuburyo bwa termodinamike butajegajega bwa dioxyde ya titanium kandi irangwa nubushakashatsi bwayo bukabije kandi butagaragara. Ku rundi ruhande, Anatase iragerwaho ariko ifite ibikorwa byo gufotora cyane ugereranije na rutile. Brookite, nubwo bitamenyerewe, isangiye ibisa na rutile na anatase.

Ibyiza

Dioxyde ya Titanium ifite ibintu byinshi bitangaje bituma iba ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi:

  1. Umweru: Dioxyde ya Titanium izwi cyane kubera umweru udasanzwe, ukomoka ku cyerekezo cyayo cyoroshye. Iyi mitungo ituma ikwirakwiza neza urumuri rugaragara, bikavamo ibara ryera ryera.
  2. Amahirwe: Ubushobozi bwayo buturuka kubushobozi bwayo bwo gukurura no gukwirakwiza urumuri neza. Iyi mitungo ituma ihitamo neza mugutanga ububobere no gukwirakwiza amarangi, impuzu, na plastiki.
  3. UV Absorption: Dioxyde ya Titanium yerekana ibintu byiza cyane byo guhagarika UV, bigatuma iba ikintu cyingenzi mumirasire yizuba hamwe nudukingirizo twa UV. Ifata neza imishwarara ya UV yangiza, ikarinda ibikoresho byangirika kwangirika no kwangirika kwa UV.
  4. Imiti ihamye: TiO2 yinjizwamo imiti kandi irwanya imiti myinshi, aside, na alkalis. Uku guhagarara neza kuramba kuramba no kuramba mubikorwa bitandukanye.
  5. Igikorwa cya Photocatalytic Igikorwa: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa dioxyde ya titanium, cyane cyane anatase, yerekana ibikorwa bya fotokatike iyo ihuye numucyo ultraviolet (UV). Uyu mutungo ukoreshwa mugukosora ibidukikije, kweza amazi, no kwisukura.

Uburyo bwo Kubyaza umusaruro

Umusaruro wa dioxyde ya titanium mubisanzwe urimo uburyo bubiri bwibanze: inzira ya sulfate na chloride.

  1. Inzira ya sulfate: Ubu buryo bukubiyemo guhindura amabuye arimo titanium, nka ilmenite cyangwa rutile, muri pigment ya titanium dioxyde. Amabuye abanza kuvurwa na acide sulfurike kugirango itange umuti wa sulfate wa titanium, hanyuma uhindurwe hydrolyz kugirango ugire imvura ya titanium dioxyde. Nyuma yo kubara, imvura ihindurwamo pigment ya nyuma.
  2. Inzira ya Chloride: Muri ubu buryo, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) ikoreshwa na ogisijeni cyangwa imyuka y'amazi ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo ibe uduce duto twa dioxyde de titanium. Ibimera bivamo ubusanzwe bifite isuku kandi bifite ibyiza bya optique ugereranije na sulfate ituruka kuri dioxyde de titanium.

Porogaramu

Dioxyde ya Titanium isanga porogaramu nyinshi mu nganda zinyuranye, bitewe n'imiterere yayo itandukanye:

  1. Irangi hamwe na Coatings: Dioxyde ya Titanium niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu ibara ryera ryera mu marangi, impuzu, hamwe n’imyubakire yubatswe kubera ububobere, umucyo, hamwe nigihe kirekire.
  2. Plastike: Yinjijwe mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya pulasitike, birimo PVC, polyethylene, na polypropilene, kugirango byongere imbaraga, birwanya UV, kandi byera.
  3. Amavuta yo kwisiga: TiO2 ni ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa mu kwisiga, ibicuruzwa byita ku ruhu, hamwe n’izuba ryinshi kubera imiterere ya UV ifunga na kamere idafite uburozi.
  4. Ibiribwa na farumasi: Ikora nka pigment yera na opacifier mubicuruzwa byibiribwa, ibinini bya farumasi, na capsules. Dioxyde de titanium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yemerewe gukoreshwa mu bihugu byinshi, nubwo impungenge zihari ku bijyanye n’umutekano wacyo ndetse n’ingaruka z’ubuzima.
  5. Isesengura rya Photocatalyse: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa dioxyde ya titanium ikoreshwa mugukoresha amafoto, nko kweza ikirere n’amazi, kwisukura hejuru, no kwangiza umwanda.
  6. Ubukorikori: Ikoreshwa mukubyara glaze ceramic, tile, na farufari kugirango byongerwe imbaraga kandi byera.

Ibidukikije

Mugihe dioxyde ya titanium itanga inyungu nyinshi, umusaruro wacyo nikoreshwa bitera impungenge ibidukikije:

  1. Gukoresha ingufu: Umusaruro wa dioxyde de titanium usaba ubushuhe bwinshi hamwe n’ingufu zikomeye, bigira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere ndetse n’ingaruka ku bidukikije.
  2. Ibisekuruza by’imyanda: Byombi bya sulfate na chloride bibyara ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’imyanda, bishobora kuba birimo umwanda kandi bigasaba kujugunywa cyangwa kuvurwa neza kugirango birinde kwanduza ibidukikije.
  3. Nanoparticles: Nanoscale titanium dioxyde de dioxyde, ikoreshwa kenshi mu zuba ryizuba ndetse no kwisiga, bitera impungenge kubijyanye n'uburozi bwabo ndetse no gukomeza ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyi nanoparticles ishobora guteza ingaruka ku bidukikije byo mu mazi no ku buzima bw’abantu iyo irekuwe mu bidukikije.
  4. Igenzura rishinzwe kugenzura: Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa ku isi hose, nk’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) n’ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe imiti (ECHA), gikurikiranira hafi umusaruro, imikoreshereze, n’umutekano wa dioxyde de titanium kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibidukikije n’ubuzima. .

Ibizaza

Mugihe societe ikomeje gushyira imbere kuramba no kwita kubidukikije, ejo hazaza ha dioxyde de titanium ishingiye ku guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga:

  1. Uburyo bwo gukora icyatsi kibisi: Imbaraga zubushakashatsi zibanda mugutezimbere uburyo burambye kandi bukoresha ingufu za dioxyde de titanium, nka fotokatalitike hamwe namashanyarazi.
  2. Ibikoresho bya Nanostructures: Iterambere muri nanotehnologiya rituma igishushanyo noguhuza ibikoresho bya nanostructures titanium dioxide hamwe nibintu byongerewe imbaraga mubisabwa mububiko bwingufu, catalizike, hamwe nubuhanga bwibinyabuzima.
  3. Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika: Iterambere ryibinyabuzima byangiza kandi byangiza ibidukikije kubisanzwe bisanzwe bya titanium dioxyde de titanium birakomeje, bigamije kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije no gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’uburozi bwa nanoparticle.
  4. Gahunda y’ubukungu bw’umuzingi: Gushyira mu bikorwa amahame y’ubukungu bw’umuzingi, harimo gutunganya no guha agaciro imyanda, bishobora kugabanya igabanuka ry’umutungo no kugabanya ibidukikije by’umusaruro wa dioxyde de titanium no kuyikoresha.
  5. Kubahiriza amabwiriza n’umutekano: Gukomeza ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa titanium dioxyde de nanoparticles, hamwe n’ubugenzuzi bukomeye, ni ngombwa kugira ngo hakoreshwe umutekano kandi ufite inshingano mu nganda zitandukanye.

Mugusoza, dioxyde ya titanium ihagaze nkibice byinshi byuzuzanya hamwe nibikorwa byinshi. Imiterere yihariye, ifatanije n’ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya, isezeranya kuzagira uruhare mu nganda zinyuranye mu gihe gikemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije no guteza imbere imikorere irambye y’ejo hazaza.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-02-2024
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