Ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile yerekana itsinda ryibikoresho bitandukanye bikomoka kuri selile, polymer isanzwe iboneka murukuta rwibimera. Ether ya selile ikoreshwa cyane munganda zinyuranye bitewe nimiterere yihariye, harimo kubyimba, guhuza, gutuza, gukora firime nubushobozi bwo kubika amazi.
1. Intangiriro kuri selulose ether:
Ethers ya selile ni inkomoko ya selile, polysaccharide igizwe no gusubiramo ibice bya glucose bihujwe na β (1 → 4) glycosidic. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile ikorwa hifashishijwe imiti ihindura amatsinda ya hydroxyl ya molekile ya selile. Guhindura bisanzwe birimo etherification, esterification, na hydroxyalkylation, bivamo ibikomoka kuri selile zitandukanye hamwe nibintu bitandukanye.
2. Ibyiza bya selile ether:
Amazi meza: Ethers nyinshi ya selile irashobora gushonga mumazi kandi ikora ibisubizo bya viscous cyangwa geles iyo bihinduwe.
Ubushobozi bwo kubyimba: Ethers ya Cellulose yerekana ibintu byiza cyane mubyimbye mubisubizo byamazi, bigatuma byongerwaho agaciro mubikorwa byinshi birimo ibifuniko, ibifunga nibicuruzwa byawe bwite.
Imiterere ya firime: Ethers zimwe na zimwe za selile zirashobora gukora firime zisobanutse kandi zoroshye, bigatuma zikoreshwa mubisabwa nka coatings, ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe na farumasi.
Igihagararo: Ethers ya selile ikora nka stabilisateur na emulisiferi muburyo butandukanye, kuzamura ibicuruzwa no kubaho neza.
Igikorwa cyo hejuru: ethers zimwe na zimwe za selile zifite imiterere-yubuso kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nka dispersants mumashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo guhagarika.
Imiti ihamye: Ethers ya selile yerekana ituze ryimiti muburyo butandukanye bwa pH, ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwumucyo.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora:
Ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile isanzwe ikorwa hifashishijwe imiti igenzurwa irimo selile nkibikoresho byo gutangira. Inzira zisanzwe zirimo:
Etherification: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata selile hamwe na etherifing, nka alkyl halide cyangwa okiside ya alkylene, kugirango tumenye amatsinda ya ether (-OR) kumugongo wa selile. Guhitamo ibikorwa bya etherifying hamwe nibisubizo byerekana imiterere ya selile ya ether.
Esterification: Muri ubu buryo, selile igereranywa na acide organic cyangwa anhydride kugirango ikore est est selile. Ihinduka ritanga selile ethers ibintu bitandukanye, nkukwiyongera kwinshi mumashanyarazi.
Hydroxyalkylation: Ethers ya selile irashobora kandi kubyara mugukora selile hamwe na okiside ya alkylene na hydroxide ya alkali. Ubu buryo butangiza amatsinda ya hydroxyalkyl mumugongo wa selile, bityo bigatezimbere amazi hamwe nibindi byifuzwa.
4. Ubwoko bwa selile ya selile:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa selulose ethers, buriwese ufite imiterere yihariye nibisabwa:
Methylcellulose (MC): MC irashobora gushonga amazi kandi ikoreshwa cyane nkumubyimba, wifata, hamwe nogukora firime mubikorwa bitandukanye birimo ubwubatsi, imiti, nibiribwa.
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC): HEC ihabwa agaciro kubera kubyimbye no kugumana amazi, bigatuma iba ikintu cyingenzi mu gusiga amarangi ya latx, kwisiga, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC): HPMC ikomatanya imiterere ya MC na HEC hamwe no gufata amazi menshi, kubyimba no gukora firime. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bya farumasi, ubwubatsi ninganda zibiribwa.
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): CMC nimbuto ikomoka kumazi ya selile yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa cyane nkibibyimbye, stabilisateur, na rheologiya ihindura ibiryo, imiti, ninganda zikoreshwa mu nganda.
Ethylcellulose (EC): EC ntishobora gushonga mumazi ariko igashonga mumashanyarazi kama, bigatuma ikenerwa mubisabwa nko gutwikira, gufatira hamwe, hamwe no gufata imiti igenzurwa.
5. Gushyira mu bikorwa inganda za selile selile:
Ether ya selile ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwinganda nibisabwa, harimo:
Ubwubatsi: Mubikoresho byubwubatsi nka minisiteri, plaster hamwe nudukaratasi twa tile, ether ya selile ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika amazi kugirango bitezimbere imikorere, ifatanye kandi ihamye.
Imiti ya farumasi: Ether ya selile ikoreshwa nka binders, gusenya no gukora firime mugutegura ibinini, kandi nkibihindura viscosity muburyo bwa dosiye yuzuye nka sirupe no guhagarika.
Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Mu nganda y'ibiribwa, ether ya selile ikora nk'ibyimbye, stabilisateur na emulisiferi mu bicuruzwa nka sosi, imyambarire, ice cream n'ibinyobwa.
Ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu ku giti cye: Ethers ya selile ni ibintu bisanzwe mu kwisiga, mu bwiherero ndetse n’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu aho bitanga umubyimba, gutera no gutuza mu mikorere nka cream, amavuta yo kwisiga na shampo.
Irangi hamwe na Coatings: Mu gusiga amarangi, gutwikira hamwe no gufatira hamwe, ether ya selile ikora nka moderi ihindura imvugo, igateza imbere umuvuduko, kurwanya sag no gufatira kuri substrate.
Amavuta na gazi: Mu gucukura amazi na hydraulic yamenetse ya hydraulic, ether ya selile ikoreshwa nka viscosifiseri hamwe nogukoresha igihombo cyamazi kugirango horoherezwe gucukura no kubyaza umusaruro.
Imyenda: Ethers ya selile ikoreshwa mugucapura imyenda no gutondeka neza kugirango icapwe ryumvikane neza, umusaruro wamabara nimbaraga zimyenda.
Gukora impapuro: Mu mpapuro zometseho no kuvura hejuru, selile ya selile yongerera ubushobozi bwo gucapura, kugumana wino no koroha hejuru, bityo bikazamura ubwiza bwanditse kandi bukagenda neza.
6. Ibidukikije:
Nubwo selile ya selile ikomoka kubishobora kuvugururwa kandi mubisanzwe bifatwa nkibinyabuzima, umusaruro wabyo no gukoresha bisaba gutekereza kubidukikije:
Amasoko arambye: Ethers ya selulose ikomoka cyane cyane kubiti cyangwa ibiti by'ipamba, kandi duharanira gukora amashyamba ashinzwe no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Gukoresha ingufu: Uburyo bwo gukora etherulose irashobora gusaba ingufu zingirakamaro cyane cyane mugihe cyo guhindura imiti.
Gucunga imyanda: Imbaraga zo kugabanya imyanda no kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya cyangwa guta ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga hamwe na formulaire yakoreshejwe irimo selile ya selile.
Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika: Nubwo ethers ya selile ishobora kwangirika mubihe bimwe na bimwe, igipimo cyo kwangirika gishobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu nkimiterere yimiti, ibidukikije, nibikorwa bya mikorobe.
7. Ibihe bizaza:
Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gushyira imbere kuramba no kwita ku bidukikije, hagenda hagaragara ubushake bwo guteza imbere ethers ya selile ifite ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Imbaraga zubushakashatsi zibanda ku gushakisha ubundi buryo bwibanze, uburyo bwo gukora icyatsi kibisi no gukoresha udushya twa selile ya selile mubice nka biomedicine, ingufu zishobora kongera ibikoresho nibikoresho bigezweho.
Inganda za selile selile zifite uruhare runini mubikorwa byinshi bitewe nimiterere yihariye hamwe nibikorwa byinshi. Kuva mubikoresho byubaka kugeza imiti n’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu, ether ya selile ifasha kuzamura imikorere yibicuruzwa, ubuziranenge kandi burambye. Mu gihe imbogamizi nko gukoresha ingufu no gucunga imyanda zikiriho, ubushakashatsi n’udushya bikomeje bigamije kuzamura ibidukikije no kwagura ikoreshwa rya etherulose mu bukungu bw’isi bwihuta cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-18-2024