Hydrocolloide ikozwe niki?

Hydrocolloide isanzwe igizwe na molekile ndende zifite urunigi rufite igice cya hydrophilique (gikurura amazi) kandi gishobora no kugira uturere twa hydrophobi (twanga amazi). Izi molekile zirashobora gukomoka kumasoko atandukanye asanzwe cyangwa yubukorikori kandi arashobora gukora gele cyangwa ikwirakwizwa ryijimye iyo ikwirakwijwe mumazi cyangwa ibisubizo byamazi.

Hano hari ubwoko bumwe bwa hydrocolloide ninkomoko yabyo:

1. Polysaccharide:
   • Agar: Ikomoka ku byatsi byo mu nyanja, agar igizwe ahanini na agarose na agaropectine, aribyo polysaccharide igizwe no gusubiramo ibice bya galaktose hamwe nisukari ya galaktose.
   • Alginate: Kuboneka muri algae yijimye, alginate ni polysaccharide igizwe na acide ya mannuronic na aside aside ya guluronike, itunganijwe muburyo bukurikirana.
   • Pectin: Biboneka mu rukuta rw'uturemangingo tw'imbuto, pectin ni polysaccharide igoye igizwe na acide galacturonic aside hamwe na methylation zitandukanye.
2. Poroteyine:
   • Gelatin: Ikomoka kuri kolagen, gelatine ni hydrocolloide ya proteine ​​igizwe na aside aside amine, yiganjemo glycine, proline, na hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Biboneka mu mata, casein ni itsinda rya fosifore ikora hydrocolloide imbere ya calcium ion mu bihe bya aside.
3. Polimeri yubukorikori:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): Igice cya sintetike ya polymer ikomoka kuri selile, HPMC yahinduwe muburyo bwo kumenyekanisha amatsinda ya hydroxypropyl na methyl mumugongo wa selile.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Nanone ikomoka kuri selile, CMC ikora carboxymethylation kugirango imenyekanishe amatsinda ya carboxymethyl kumiterere ya selile.

Izi hydrocolloide zifite imiterere yihariye ya chimique hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere ibafasha gukorana na molekile zamazi binyuze mumazi ya hydrogène, imikoranire ya electrostatike, nimbaraga za hydration. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bagaragaza imiterere idasanzwe ya rheologiya, nko kwiyegeranya, gelation, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora firime, ibyo bikaba ibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, harimo ibiryo, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, n imyenda.