Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa na selile ya polyanionic mu gucukura amavuta?

Polyanionic Cellulose (PAC) ni inkomoko ya selulose ikomoka ku mazi ikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura amavuta, cyane cyane mu gutegura amazi yo gucukura. Yabaye inyongera yingenzi muri sisitemu yo gucukura bitewe nubwiza bwayo buhebuje, nko kongera ububobere, kugabanya igihombo cy’amazi, gutuza no kurengera ibidukikije.

1. Kugabanya gutakaza amazi
Kugenzura igihombo cyamazi nigikorwa cyingenzi mugucukura peteroli. Iyo amazi yo gutobora ahuye nogukora mugihe cyo gucukura, birashobora gutera ibyondo byondo no kuyungurura kwibumbira mubikorwa, bikaviramo kwangirika no kugira ingaruka kubikorwa. PAC igabanya neza gutakaza amazi no kuyungurura kwibumbira mubikorwa ikora firime ikingira mumazi yo gucukura, bityo bikagabanya umwanda. Uyu mutungo ufasha kuzamura umutekano mwiza no kurinda amavuta na gaze.

Ihame
PAC ishonga mumazi kugirango ikore igisubizo cya colloidal hamwe nubwiza bwinshi. Iyo amazi yo gucukura ahuye nuburyo, molekile ya PAC irashobora gukora cake yuzuye ibyondo hejuru yimiterere kugirango irinde kwinjira mucyiciro cyamazi. Aka gatsima k'ibyondo gafite imiterere ihindagurika kandi ikomeye, kandi irashobora kwihanganira itandukaniro rinini ryumuvuduko, bityo bikagabanya neza igihombo cyo kuyungurura.

2. Kongera ubwiza bwamazi yo gucukura
Kwiyongera kwa Viscosity nikindi gikorwa cyingenzi cya PAC mugucukura amazi. Amazi yo gucukura akeneye kugira ibishishwa runaka kugirango asubize ibiti inyuma, kugirango habeho isuku y’iriba no gukomeza gucukura neza. Nukwiyongera kwijimye, PAC irashobora kongera ubwiza bwamazi yo gucukura, ikongerera ubushobozi bwo gucukura amazi yo gutwara ibiti, kandi igateza imbere kugaruka no gusohora ibiti.

Ihame
Molekile ya PAC ishonga mumazi yo gucukura kugirango ibe urwego rwiminyururu ya polymer, byongera imbaraga zimbere zamazi. Iyi miterere irashobora kongera cyane kugaragara kwijimye no gutanga umusaruro wamazi yo gucukura, kandi ikongerera ubushobozi bwo gutwara no guhagarika ibiti. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka zo kongera ubukana bwa PAC ziracyafite akamaro mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi no mu bihe by’umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi birakwiriye gucukura amariba maremare hamwe n’imiterere ya geologiya igoye.

3. Gutezimbere neza neza
Wellbore ituze nikibazo gisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe mugihe cyo gucukura. Amazi yo gucukura agomba kuba ashoboye guhagarika urukuta rw'iriba kugira ngo urukuta rw'iriba rudasenyuka. Ingaruka za PAC zo kugabanya kuyungurura no kongera ubukonje mu gucukura amazi birashobora kuzamura neza umutekano mwiza.

Ihame
PAC irinda amazi yo gucukura kwinjira muburyo bwo gukora igiti gikomeye cyicyondo hejuru yurukuta rwiriba. Muri icyo gihe, ubwiza bwayo burashobora kongera imbaraga zo gufatana hejuru yurukuta kandi bikagabanya kubyara microcrack mu miterere, bityo bikazamura imiterere yimikorere yibiziba. Byongeye kandi, PAC irashobora kandi kunoza thixotropy yamazi yo gucukura, kuburyo ikora imbaraga zikomeye zifasha iyo ihagaze, kandi ikagumana amazi meza mugihe atemba, bikarushaho gukomera kurukuta rwiriba.

4. Ibiranga ibidukikije
Hamwe nogutezimbere ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije, imiti ikoreshwa mumazi yo gucukura igomba kugira imikorere myiza yo kurengera ibidukikije. PAC ni igicuruzwa cyahinduwe cya selile karemano, hamwe na biodegradabilite nziza nuburozi buke, bujuje ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije.

Ihame
PAC ni igicuruzwa cyahinduwe mu buryo bwa shimi gishingiye kuri selile karemano, ntabwo kirimo ibintu bifite uburozi, kandi gishobora kwangizwa na mikorobe mu bidukikije. Ugereranije na polimeri yubukorikori, PAC ntigira ingaruka nke kubidukikije kandi irahuye nibisabwa byo gucukura icyatsi. Ibi biranga biha inyungu igaragara mubice byangiza ibidukikije no gucukura hanze.

5. Kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya umunyu
Mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umunyu mwinshi, ibumba gakondo na polymers bikunze kugira ikibazo cyo gukomeza gutuza kwamazi yo gucukura, mugihe PAC igaragaza ubushyuhe bwiza hamwe n’umunyu mwinshi kandi irashobora gukomeza gukora neza mumazi yo gucukura ahantu habi.

Ihame
Amatsinda ya Anionic (nkamatsinda ya carboxyl) yinjizwa mumiterere ya molekile ya PAC. Aya matsinda arashobora guhana ion hamwe na ion yumunyu mubidukikije byumunyu mwinshi kugirango bigumane ituze ryimiterere ya molekile. Muri icyo gihe, PAC ifite ituze ryinshi ry’umuriro kandi ntizishobora kwangirika cyane mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibishishwa no kuyungurura amazi. Kubwibyo, PAC ifite ingaruka nziza zo gukoresha mumazi yumunyu no mumariba yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

6. Hindura uburyo bwo gucukura amazi
Rheologiya bivuga ibintu bitembera no guhindura ibintu biranga amazi yo gutobora. PAC irashobora guhindura imvugo yamazi yo gucukura kugirango irebe ko ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara urutare kandi ishobora gutembera mumariba mugihe cyo gucukura.

Ihame
PAC ikorana nibindi bice mumazi yo gucukura kugirango ibe imiterere y'urusobekerane rugoye kandi ihindure agaciro k'umusaruro hamwe no gutemagura ibintu biranga amazi yo gucukura. Izi ngaruka zo kugenzura zituma amazi yo gucukura yerekana ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara urutare hamwe nubworoherane mugihe cyo gucukura, cyane cyane mubice bigoye hamwe namariba yumuvuduko mwinshi.

7. Isesengura ry'imanza
Mubikorwa bifatika, PAC ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zitandukanye zo gucukura. Kurugero, mumushinga wimbitse wo gucukura iriba, hakoreshejwe amazi ashingiye kumazi arimo PAC yakoreshejwe. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko PAC yagabanije cyane igihombo cyo kuyungurura amazi yo gucukura, kongera umutekano w’iriba, kunoza imikorere yo gucukura, no kugabanya umuvuduko w’impanuka zatewe no guhumana. Muri icyo gihe, PAC nayo yitwaye neza mu gucukura inyanja, kandi irashobora kugenzura neza imikorere y’amazi yo gucukura munsi y’umunyu mwinshi hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugira ngo ibikorwa byo gucukura bigende neza.

Ikoreshwa rya selile ya polyanionic mu gucukura peteroli bigaragarira cyane cyane mubiranga ibyiza byayo byo kugabanya igihombo cyo kuyungurura, kongera ubukonje, kuzamura umutekano w’imigezi no kurengera ibidukikije. Ikoreshwa ryayo mumazi ashingiye kumazi hamwe namavuta yo gucukura ntabwo yongerera ubushobozi bwo gucukura no kugabanya impanuka zimpanuka, ariko kandi yangiza ibidukikije kandi ifasha kugera kuntego yo gucukura icyatsi. Mubihe bigoye bya geologiya hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe bukabije, ubushyuhe bwa PAC hamwe n’umunyu birwanya umunyu biragaragaza akamaro kayo mu gucukura peteroli. Kubwibyo, polyanionic selulose ifite umwanya wingenzi muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gucukura peteroli.