Mu rwego rwo gufatira mu nganda, gushakisha ibikoresho bitanga imikorere isumba iyindi, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no gukoresha neza ibiciro ni byo by'ingenzi. Mubikoresho bitandukanye byakorewe ubushakashatsi, ethers ya krahisi yagaragaye nkumusanzu wingenzi mugutezimbere ibintu bifatika. Amashanyarazi ya krahisi, akomoka kuri krahisi karemano, ahindura imiti kugirango yongere imiterere yumubiri na chimique, bigatuma bikenerwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.
Gusobanukirwa Ethers
Starch, polysaccharide igizwe na glucose ibice, ni umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa kandi ushobora kwangirika bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye. Nyamara, ibinyamisogwe kavukire bifite aho bigarukira, nko kumva neza ubushuhe, kugabanuka gukabije mumazi akonje, hamwe no gusubira inyuma (rerystallize), bigabanya ikoreshwa ryayo. Kugira ngo utsinde ibyo bitagenda neza, ibinyamisogwe byahinduwe muburyo bwo kubyara ibinyamisogwe.
Ethers ya krahisi ikorwa mugutangiza amatsinda ya ether (amatsinda ya alkyl cyangwa hydroxyalkyl) muri molekile ya krahisi. Ihinduka ryongera imbaraga zo gukomera, gutuza, hamwe no gukora firime yimiterere ya krahisi, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza mubifata. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa ether zirimo hydroxyethyl krahisi (HES), hydroxypropyl krahisi (HPS), hamwe na karubisi ya carboxymethyl (CMS).
Synthesis ya Ethers
Synthesis ya krahisi ethers ikubiyemo urukurikirane rwibintu bya chimique aho ibinyamisogwe kavukire bivura hamwe na mitiweli. Kurugero, hydroxypropyl ibinyamisogwe ikorwa mugukora ibinyamisogwe hamwe na okiside ya propylene, mugihe karboxymethyl ibinyamisogwe ikomatanya ikoresheje aside monochloroacetic. Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS), rwerekana impuzandengo y amatsinda ya hydroxyl kuri molekile ya krahisi yasimbujwe nitsinda rya ether, igira uruhare runini mukumenya imiterere yimiterere ya etarike.
Gutezimbere Mubintu bifatika
Ethers ya krahisi izana ibintu byinshi byongera ibintu bifatika byinganda:
Kongera Solubility hamwe no Kugenzura Viscosity: Kwinjiza amatsinda ya ether byongera imbaraga zamazi ya ether ya krahisi, bigatuma zishonga mumazi akonje kandi ashyushye. Iyi mitungo ningirakamaro kubifatika kuko itanga uburyo bumwe kandi buhoraho. Byongeye kandi, ubwiza bwibisubizo bya krahisi birashobora kugenzurwa muguhindura urwego rwo gusimbuza, bigafasha gukora ibifatika bifite imiterere yihariye ya rheologiya.
Kunoza neza hamwe no guhuriza hamwe: Ethers ya krahisi yerekana neza ko ifatanye neza nubutaka butandukanye, harimo impapuro, ibiti, imyenda, na plastiki. Ibi biterwa nubwiyongere bwimikoranire hagati ya molekile yahinduwe ya krahisi hamwe nubutaka bwa substrate. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zifatika za firime zifata zongerewe bitewe no gushiraho urusobe rwimikorere ya polymer.
Kongera imbaraga no Kurwanya: Ibifatika byakozwe na ether ya krahisi byerekana umutekano uhagaze neza mubihe bidukikije. Bagaragaza kurwanya ubushuhe, ibyo bikaba aribyiza cyane kurenza ibimera bya krahide kavukire bikunda gucika intege mubihe bitose. Ibi bituma ibinyamisogwe ether-ishingiye kubikoresho bikwiye gukoreshwa aho guhura nubushuhe biteye impungenge.
Ibinyabuzima bigabanuka kandi birambye: Kimwe mubyiza byingenzi bya etarike ya krahisi ni biodegradabilite. Bitandukanye nudukingirizo twa sintetike dukomoka kuri peteroli, imiti ya krahisi yangiza ibidukikije kandi yangiza ibidukikije, bikagabanya ikirenge cyibidukikije. Ibi bihujwe no kwiyongera kubisubizo birambye kandi bibisi bifata ibyemezo mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Inganda
Ibintu byongerewe imbaraga bya krahisi ethers byatumye abantu benshi bakoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda:
Inganda zo gupakira no gupakira: Ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri ether bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byimpapuro nogupakira bitewe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhuza hamwe na biodegradability. Zikoreshwa mugukora ibisate byimbuto, kumurika impapuro, kandi nkumukozi uhuza ibicuruzwa.
Gukora ibiti n'ibikoresho: Mu nganda zikora ibiti n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibishishwa bya etarike bitanga umurongo ukomeye kandi uramba. Kunanirwa kwinshi kwamazi bigira akamaro cyane muguhuza ibice byimbaho bishobora guhura nubushyuhe butandukanye.
Imyenda: Ethers ikoreshwa mubucuruzi bwimyenda yo gupima no kurangiza porogaramu. Ibikoresho byongerewe imbaraga bifata neza ko fibre ihujwe neza, igateza imbere ubwiza nigihe kirekire cyibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Ubwubatsi: Mu rwego rwubwubatsi, ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri krahisi bifashishwa mu gutwikira urukuta, hasi, no nk'inyongeramusaruro muri sima na pompe. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuzamura imiterere yibikoresho byubwubatsi bigira uruhare muburinganire bwimiterere no kuramba kwinyubako.
Inganda zikora ibiryo: Ethers yahinduwe ya krahisi nayo ikoreshwa mubucuruzi bwibiribwa nka binders hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse mubicuruzwa nka coatings, flavours flavoured, hamwe nibiryo biribwa. Umutekano wabo hamwe na biodegradabilite ituma bikoreshwa mugukoresha ibiryo bijyanye nibiribwa.
Ibizaza hamwe n'ibibazo
Kazoza ka ethers ya krahisi munganda zinganda zisa nkicyizere, bitewe nibikenewe bikenewe kubikoresho birambye hamwe niterambere ryubuhanga bwo guhindura imiti. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bwa krahisi ethers ifite imiterere yihariye ya porogaramu. Udushya muburyo bwa synthesis hagamijwe kuzamura imikorere yuburyo bwo guhindura, kugabanya ibiciro, no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Ariko, hariho ingorane zo gukemura. Imikorere ya krahisi ether-yometseho irashobora guterwa ninkomoko nubwiza bwikariso kavukire, itandukanye nubuhinzi. Kugenzura ubuziranenge buhoraho no gukora ibicuruzwa byanyuma bisaba kugenzura byimazeyo ibikoresho fatizo nibikorwa byo gukora. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ibinyamisogwe byangiza ibinyabuzima, ingaruka zidukikije zangiza umusaruro wazo no kujugunya bigomba gusuzumwa neza kugirango bikomeze kuba amahitamo arambye.
Etarike ya krahisi yahinduye urwego rwimiti yinganda itanga uruhurirane rwimikorere myiza ninyungu zibidukikije. Gutezimbere kwabo, gufatana, gutuza, hamwe na biodegradabilite bituma bakora ubundi buryo bushimishije kubisanzwe gakondo. Mugihe inganda zikomeje gushyira imbere kuramba, uruhare rwa ethers ya krahisi mugukoresha ifatika igiye kwaguka, bitewe nubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Ikibazo gishingiye ku kunoza umusaruro wabo no kubishyira mu bikorwa kugira ngo bunguke byinshi mu gihe hagabanywa ingaruka zose zishobora kubaho, kwemeza ko ether ya krahisi ikomeza kuba umusingi w’ibisubizo byangiza ibidukikije mu gihe kiri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-04-2024