1. Kubika amazi nibikoresho byimbitse
Ubwoko nyamukuru bwibikoresho bigumana amazi ni selile ya ether. Cellulose ether niyindi mikorere ihanitse ishobora kunoza cyane imikorere yihariye ya minisiteri hamwe ninyongera gusa. Ihindurwa kuva selile idashobora gushonga mumazi ya fibre soluble fibre binyuze muri etherification reaction. Ikozwe muri ether isanzwe kandi ifite ibice byibanze byubaka bya anhydroglucose. Ifite imitungo itandukanye ukurikije ubwoko n'umubare w'amatsinda asimbuza umwanya wabyo. Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibyimbye kugirango ihindure uburinganire bwa minisiteri; kugumana amazi yayo Birashobora guhindura neza amazi ya minisiteri, kandi birashobora kurekura buhoro buhoro amazi mugihe runaka, bishobora kwemeza neza ko ibishishwa hamwe nubutaka bwinjiza amazi bihujwe neza. Mugihe kimwe, selulose ether irashobora guhindura imiterere ya rheologiya ya minisiteri, ikongera imikorere nakazi. Ibikoresho bya selile bikurikira birashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu byongera imiti mumashanyarazi avanze: ①Na-carboxymethyl selulose; ②Ethyl selile; EtMethyl selile; ④Hydroxy selulose ether; YHydroxypropyl methyl Cellulose; ⑥starch ester, nibindi. Kwiyongera kwa ether zitandukanye za selile yavuzwe haruguru bitezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri yumye ivanze: ①Kongera imikorere; ②Kongera ifatizo; MortIbisasu ntabwo byoroshye kuva amaraso no gutandukana; Kurwanya bidasanzwe; ⑥ Mortar iroroshye kubaka mubice bito. Usibye imitungo yavuzwe haruguru, selile zitandukanye za selile nazo zifite umwihariko wazo. Cai Wei wo muri kaminuza ya Chongqing yavuze muri make uburyo bwo kunoza methyl selulose ether ku mikorere ya minisiteri. Yizeraga ko nyuma yo kongeramo amazi ya MC (methyl selulose ether) agumana amazi muri minisiteri, hazavamo utubuto twinshi two mu kirere. Ikora nk'umupira utwara, utezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze vuba, kandi imyuka yo mu kirere iracyaguma mu mubiri wa minisiteri ikomye, ikora imyenge yigenga kandi ikabuza imyenge ya capillary. Ibikoresho bigumana amazi ya MC birashobora kandi kunoza uburyo bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze vuba cyane, bidashobora kubuza gusa minisiteri kuva amaraso no gutandukana, ariko kandi ikabuza amazi guhinduka vuba cyangwa kwinjizwa na substrate vuba cyane muri icyiciro cyambere cyo gukira, kugirango sima irusheho kuba nziza, kugirango umurunga Imbaraga zitezimbere. Kwinjiza MC ibika amazi bizamura igabanuka rya minisiteri. Nibikoresho byiza-bifata amazi meza ashobora kuzuzwa mu byobo, kugirango imyenge ihujwe na minisiteri igabanuke, kandi igihombo cy’amazi kigabanuka, bityo bigabanye kugabanuka kwumye kwa minisiteri. agaciro. Ubusanzwe selile ya selulose ivangwa mumashanyarazi yumye-ivanze cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe nka tile. Niba selile ya selile ivanze na tile, ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi ya tile mastique burashobora kunozwa cyane. Ether ya selile irabuza gutakaza byihuse amazi ava muri sima kugeza kuri substrate cyangwa amatafari, kugirango sima ifite amazi ahagije kugirango ikomere neza, yongere igihe cyo gukosora, kandi itezimbere imbaraga zo guhuza. Byongeye kandi, selulose ether nayo itezimbere plastike ya mastike, yorohereza ubwubatsi, yongerera aho ihurira hagati ya mastike numubiri wamatafari, kandi igabanya kunyerera no kugabanuka kwa mastike, kabone niyo misa kuri buri gice ari kinini kandi ubucucike buri hejuru. Amabati yometse kumurongo uhagaze nta kunyerera kwa mastike. Ether ya selile irashobora kandi gutinza ishingwa ryuruhu rwa sima, ikongerera igihe cyo gufungura, kandi ikongera igipimo cyo gukoresha sima.
2. Fibre organic
Fibre ikoreshwa muri minisiteri irashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma byuma, fibre organique na fibre organic ukurikije ibintu bifatika. Ongeramo fibre muri minisiteri irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yayo yo kurwanya no kurwanya seepage. Ubusanzwe fibre kama yongewe kumyuma ivanze yumye kugirango irusheho kutoroha no guhangana na minisiteri. Fibre fibre ikoreshwa cyane ni: fibre polypropilene (PP), fibre polyamide (nylon) (PA), fibre polyvinyl (vinylon) (PVA) fibre, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), fibre polyethylene, fibre polyester, nibindi Muri byo, fibre polypropilene Kuri ubu Byakoreshejwe cyane. Ni polymer ya kristalline ifite imiterere isanzwe polymerized na propylene monomer mubihe bimwe. Ifite imiti irwanya ruswa, itunganijwe neza, uburemere bworoshye, kugabanuka gukabije, nigiciro gito. N'ibindi biranga, kandi kubera ko fibre polypropilene irwanya aside na alkali, kandi ntigire imiti ikoresheje ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, yitabiriwe cyane mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo. Ingaruka yo kurwanya ibice bya fibre ivanze na minisiteri igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: imwe ni icyiciro cya minisiteri; ikindi nicyiciro cya minisiteri yumubiri. Mu cyiciro cya plastiki ya minisiteri, fibre iringaniye iringaniye irerekana imiterere y'urusobekerane rw'imiterere itatu, igira uruhare mu gushyigikira igiteranyo cyiza, ikabuza gukemura neza, kandi igabanya amacakubiri. Gutandukanya nimpamvu nyamukuru yo guturika hejuru ya minisiteri, kandi kongeramo fibre bigabanya gutandukanya minisiteri kandi bikagabanya amahirwe yo guturika hejuru ya minisiteri. Bitewe no guhumeka kwamazi murwego rwa plastike, kugabanuka kwa minisiteri bizatera impagarara zikomeye, kandi kongeramo fibre birashobora kwihanganira iyi mihangayiko. Mu cyiciro cyo gukomera cya minisiteri, bitewe no kubaho kwumye, kugabanuka kwa karubone, no kugabanuka kwubushyuhe, impungenge nazo zizabyara imbere muri minisiteri. kwagura microcrack. Yuan Zhenyu n'abandi na bo bashoje binyuze mu isesengura ry’ikizamini cyo guhangana n’ibisate bya minisiteri bavuga ko kongeramo fibre polypropilene kuri minisiteri bishobora kugabanya cyane kugaragara kw'imitsi igabanuka ya pulasitike no kunoza imyanda ya minisiteri. Iyo ingano yububiko bwa fibre polypropilene muri minisiteri ari 0,05% na 0,10%, ibice bishobora kugabanukaho 65% na 75%. Huang Chengya hamwe n’abandi bo mu Ishuri ry’ibikoresho, muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga y’Ubushinwa, na bo bemeje binyuze mu kizamini cy’imikorere y’ibikoresho byahinduwe na polypropilene fibre ciment ishingiye ku bikoresho byongeweho ko kongera umubare muto wa fibre polypropilene kuri sima ya minisiteri bishobora guteza imbere imbaraga zo guhuza no kwikuramo ya sima. Umubare mwiza wa fibre muri sima ya sima ni 0.9kg / m3, niba amafaranga arenze aya mafranga, ingaruka zo gukomera no gukaza umurego wa fibre kumasima ya sima ntizatera imbere cyane, kandi ntabwo ari ubukungu. Kongera fibre kuri minisiteri birashobora kunoza ubudahangarwa bwa minisiteri. Iyo materique ya sima igabanutse, kubera uruhare rwibyuma byiza bikinishwa na fibre, ingufu zirakoreshwa neza. Nubwo haba hari micro-crack nyuma ya coagulation, mugikorwa cyimyitwarire yimbere ninyuma, kwaguka kwimitsi bizabangamirwa na sisitemu ya fibre. , Biragoye kwiteza imbere mubice binini, kubwibyo biragoye gukora inzira unyuze munzira nyabagendwa, bityo bikazamura ubudahangarwa bwa minisiteri.
3. Umukozi wagura
Umukozi wagura ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi kirwanya anti-crack na anti-seepage muri minisiteri yumye. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane ni AEA, UEA, CEA nibindi. Umukozi wo kwagura AEA afite ibyiza byingufu nini, urugero ruto, imbaraga nyinshi nyuma, kugabanuka kwumye, nibirimo alkali nkeya. Kalisiyumu itanga imyunyu ngugu CA muri clinker-alumina nyinshi mu gice cya AEA ibanza kwitwara hamwe na CaSO4 na Ca (OH) 2 kugirango ihindurwe kugirango ikore calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) hanyuma iraguka. UEA nayo itanga ettringite kugirango yongere kwaguka, mugihe CEA itanga hydroxide ya calcium. Umukozi wo kwagura AEA ni calcium ya aluminiyumu yo kwagura, ikaba ari uburyo bwo kwaguka bukozwe no gufatanya gusya igice runaka cya clinker-alumina yo hejuru, alunite karemano na gypsumu. Kwaguka kwakozwe nyuma yo kongerwaho AEA ahanini biterwa nibintu bibiri: mugihe cyambere cyo kuvoma sima, calcium aluminate minerval CA mumashanyarazi ya alumina yo hejuru mugice cya AEA yabanje kwitwara hamwe na CaSO4 na Ca (OH) 2, na hydrates gukora calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) no kwaguka, ubwiyongere bwagutse ni bunini. Amashanyarazi ya ettringite na hydrated aluminium hydroxide gel bituma icyiciro cyo kwaguka hamwe nicyiciro cya gel gihuye neza, ntabwo byemeza imikorere yo kwaguka gusa ahubwo binatanga imbaraga. Mu cyiciro cyo hagati na nyuma, ettringite nayo itanga ettringite ishimishije gypsumu ya lime kugirango itange micro-kwaguka, itezimbere microstructure ya sima igiteranyo rusange. Nyuma yuko AEA yongewe kuri minisiteri, ubwinshi bwa ettringite yakozwe mubyiciro byambere no hagati bizagura ubwinshi bwa minisiteri, itume imiterere yimbere irusheho gukomera, kunoza imiterere ya pore ya minisiteri, kugabanya macropore, kugabanya byose porosity, kandi utezimbere cyane bidashoboka. Iyo minisiteri imeze neza mugihe cyakurikiyeho, kwaguka mubyiciro byambere no hagati birashobora guhagarika byose cyangwa igice cyacyo cyo kugabanuka mugice cyanyuma, kugirango irwanya ibimeneka hamwe nuburobyi bwamazi. Kwagura UEA bikozwe mubintu bidakoreshwa nka sulfate, alumina, potasiyumu sulfoaluminate na calcium sulfate. Iyo UEA ivanze muri sima muburyo bukwiye, irashobora kugera kumurimo wo kwishyura indishyi, kugabanuka no kurwanya kumeneka. UEA imaze kongerwamo sima isanzwe ikavangwa, izakora hamwe na calcium silike ya calcium na hydrate kugirango ikore Ca (OH) 2, izabyara aside sulfoaluminic. Kalisiyumu (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) ni ettringite, ituma minisiteri ya sima yaguka mu buryo bugereranije, kandi igipimo cyo kwaguka cya sima gihwanye n'ibiri muri UEA, bigatuma minisiteri iba minini, hamwe no guhangana cyane no gucika intege. Lin Wentian yakoresheje sima ya sima ivanze na UEA kurukuta rwinyuma, kandi igera ku ngaruka nziza yo kurwanya kumeneka. CEA yo kwagura ibikorwa bya CEA ikozwe mubutare, ibumba (cyangwa ibumba ryinshi rya alumina), hamwe nifu ya fer, ibarwa kuri 1350-1400 ° C, hanyuma ikagira ubutaka kugirango igire umukozi wo kwagura CEA. Ibikorwa byo kwagura CEA bifite amasoko abiri yo kwaguka: CaO hydration yo gukora Ca (OH) 2; C3A hanyuma ikora Al2O3 kugirango ikore ettringite muburyo bwa gypsumu na Ca (OH) 2.
4. Plastiseri
Mortar plasitike ni ifu yumuyaga winjiza imyuka ya minisiteri yongewemo na polymers organic hamwe n’imiti mvaruganda, kandi ni ibikoresho bya anionic. Irashobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwubuso bwibisubizo, kandi ikabyara umubare munini wifunze kandi ntoya (muri rusange 0,25-2.5mm ya diametre) mugihe cyo kuvanga minisiteri namazi. Intera iri hagati ya microbubbles ni nto kandi ituze ni nziza, irashobora kuzamura cyane imikorere ya minisiteri. ; Irashobora gukwirakwiza uduce twa sima, igateza imbere amazi ya sima, igatera imbaraga za minisiteri, kutabangikanya no kurwanya ubukonje, kandi bikagabanya igice cyo gukoresha sima; ifite ububobere bwiza, gufatana cyane na minisiteri ivanze nayo, kandi birashobora kuba byiza Irinde ibibazo byubatswe bisanzwe nko kurasa (gutobora), guturika, no gutemba kwamazi kurukuta; irashobora guteza imbere ubwubatsi, kugabanya ubukana bwabakozi, no guteza imbere ubwubatsi bwimico; ninyungu zubukungu n’imibereho myiza cyane zishobora kuzamura ireme ryumushinga no kugabanya ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bizigama ingufu hamwe nigiciro gito cyubwubatsi. Lignosulfonate ni plasitike ikunze gukoreshwa mu ifu yumye, imyanda iva mu ruganda, kandi dosiye rusange ni 0.2% kugeza 0.3%. Plastiseri ikoreshwa kenshi muri minisiteri isaba ibintu byiza byo kwipimisha, nko kwisiga-kwisiga, minisiteri yo hejuru cyangwa minisiteri iringaniye. Kwongeramo plasitike mumabuye ya masonry birashobora kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri, kunoza uburyo bwo gufata amazi, gutembera no guhuriza hamwe kwa minisiteri, no gutsinda ibitagenda neza bya minisiteri ivanze na sima nk ivu riturika, kugabanuka gukomeye nimbaraga nke, kugirango harebwe Ubwiza bwububiko. Irashobora kuzigama 50% ya lime muri plaster, kandi minisiteri ntabwo yoroshye kuva amaraso cyangwa gutandukana; minisiteri ifatanye neza na substrate; urwego rwo hejuru ntirufite imyunyu ngugu, kandi rufite uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’imvura, kurwanya ubukonje no guhangana n’ikirere.
5. Hydrophobic yongeyeho
Hydrophobic yongeweho cyangwa imiti yica amazi irinda amazi kwinjira muri minisiteri mugihe nayo ikomeza gufungura kugirango imyuka ikwirakwizwa. Hydrophobic yongeyeho ibicuruzwa byumye bivanze na minisiteri bigomba kugira ibintu bikurikira: tBigomba kuba ifu yifu; AveGira ibintu byiza byo kuvanga; Kora minisiteri nka hydrophobi yose kandi ukomeze ingaruka ndende; OndGufatanya hejuru Imbaraga nta ngaruka mbi zigaragara; ⑤ kubidukikije. Ibikoresho bya Hydrophobi bikoreshwa muri iki gihe ni imyunyu ngugu ya aside irike, nka calcium stearate; silane. Nyamara, calcium stearate ntabwo yongeyeho hydrophobique yongewe kumashanyarazi avanze yumye, cyane cyane kubikoresho byo guhomesha imashini zubaka, kuko bigoye kuvanga vuba kandi kimwe na sima ya sima. Ibikoresho byongera hydrophobique bikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhomesha minisiteri yububiko bwa sisitemu yo kubika amashyanyarazi yo hanze, amashanyarazi ya tile, amabuye y'agaciro ashushanya, hamwe na minisiteri idafite amazi yo gukingira inkuta zinyuma.
6. Ibindi byongeweho
Coagulant ikoreshwa muguhindura imiterere no gukomera kumiterere ya minisiteri. Kalisiyumu ikora na lithium karubone ikoreshwa cyane. Ubusanzwe imitwaro ni calcium ya 1% na karubone ya 0,2%. Kimwe na moteri yihuta, retarders nayo ikoreshwa muguhindura igenamigambi no gukomera kwa minisiteri. Acide ya Tartaric, aside citric n'umunyu wabo, na gluconate byakoreshejwe neza. Igipimo gisanzwe ni 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Ifu ya defoamer igabanya umwuka wa minisiteri nshya. Ifu ya defoamers ishingiye kumatsinda atandukanye ya chimique nka hydrocarbone, polyethylene glycols cyangwa polysiloxane yamamajwe kumashanyarazi. Etarike ya etar irashobora kongera cyane ubudahangarwa bwa minisiteri, bityo bikongerera gato amazi akenewe nigiciro cyumusaruro, kandi bikagabanya urugero rwo kugabanuka kwa minisiteri ivanze. Ibi bituma minisiteri ikorwa cyane kandi ifata tile kugirango ifatanye na tile iremereye hamwe no kugabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-06-2023