Polyanionic selulose (PAC) ni inkomoko y'amazi ya selulose ikomoka ku mazi ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mu nganda zitandukanye, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gucukura amazi mu nganda za peteroli na gaze. Azwiho imiterere myiza ya rheologiya, ituze cyane kandi ihuza nibindi byongeweho. Umusaruro wa selile ya polyanionique urimo intambwe nyinshi, harimo gukuramo selile, guhindura imiti, no kweza.
1. Gukuramo selile:
Ibikoresho byo gutangiza selile ya polyanionic ni selile, polymer karemano iboneka murukuta rwibimera. Cellulose irashobora gukomoka mubikoresho bitandukanye byibimera, nkibiti byimbaho, ibiti by'ipamba, cyangwa ibindi bimera bya fibrous. Igikorwa cyo gukuramo kirimo intambwe zikurikira:
A. Gutegura ibikoresho bibisi:
Ibikoresho byatoranijwe byatoranijwe kugirango bikureho umwanda nka lignin, hemicellulose na pectine. Ubusanzwe ibyo bigerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kuvura imashini.
b. Gusunika:
Ibikoresho byabanjirijwe noneho bisunikwa, inzira isenya fibre selile. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guswera burimo kraft pulping na sulfite pulping, buri kimwe gifite ibyiza n'ibibi.
C. Gutandukanya selile:
Ibikoresho bya pulp bitunganyirizwa gutandukanya fibre selile. Ibi mubisanzwe birimo gukaraba no guhumeka kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya selile.
2. Guhindura imiti:
Iyo selile imaze kuboneka, ihindurwa muburyo bwa chimique kugirango itangire amatsinda ya anionic, ihindurwe muri selile ya polyanionic. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa kubwiyi ntego ni etherification.
A. Kwiyongera:
Etherification ikubiyemo reaction ya selile hamwe na etherifying agent kugirango utangire ether ihuza. Kubijyanye na selile ya polyanionic, amatsinda ya carboxymethyl asanzwe atangizwa. Ibi bigerwaho nigisubizo hamwe na sodium monochloroacetate imbere ya catalizator yibanze.
b. Carboxymethylation reaction:
Carboxymethylation reaction ikubiyemo gusimbuza atome ya hydrogen kumatsinda ya hydroxyl ya selile hamwe na carboxymethyl. Iyi reaction ningirakamaro mugutangiza amafaranga ya anionic kumugongo wa selile.
C. kutabogama:
Nyuma ya carboxymethylation, ibicuruzwa bitabangamiwe kugirango uhindure itsinda rya carboxymethyl kuri ion ya carboxylate. Iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro mugukora polyanionic selulose amazi-gushonga.
3. Kwezwa:
Cellulose yahinduwe noneho isukurwa kugirango ikureho ibicuruzwa, imiti idakozwe, hamwe n’umwanda uwo ariwo wose ushobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yabyo.
A. gukaraba:
Ibicuruzwa bisukuwe neza kugirango bikureho reaction zirenze, umunyu nibindi byanduye. Amazi akoreshwa kenshi kubwiyi ntego.
b. Kuma:
Cellulose isukuye noneho yumishwa kugirango ibone ibicuruzwa byanyuma mubifu cyangwa muburyo bwa granular.
4. Kugenzura ubuziranenge:
Ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zishyirwa mubikorwa murwego rwo gukora kugirango harebwe niba selile ya polyanionic ivamo yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Ibi birimo gupima uburemere bwa molekile, urwego rwo gusimbuza nibindi bipimo bifatika.
5. Gusaba:
Cellulose ya polyanionic ifite porogaramu mu nganda zitandukanye, cyane cyane mu gucukura amazi mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze. Ikora nka tackifier, agent igenzura igihombo cyamazi hamwe na shale inhibitor, itezimbere imikorere rusange yamazi yo gucukura. Ibindi bikorwa birimo inganda zikora ibiryo na farumasi aho amazi ya elegitoronike hamwe nimiterere ya rheologiya bitanga ibyiza.
Polyanionic selulose ni ibintu byinshi kandi bifite agaciro gakomoka kuri selile ikora umusaruro ukenera urutonde rwintambwe zisobanuwe neza. Gukuramo selile mu bikoresho byibimera, guhindura imiti binyuze muri etherification, kweza no kugenzura ubuziranenge nibice byingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora. Ibisubizo bya polyanionic selile nibintu byingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, bifasha kunoza imikorere nimikorere itandukanye. Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gutera imbere, hateganijwe ko hakenerwa ibikomoka kuri selile yihariye nka selile ya polyanionic selile, biteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya selile.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2023