Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa DS ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a Sodium CMC

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose, polysaccharide yopezeka mwachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka m'makoma a cellulose. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, nsalu, ndi kubowola mafuta, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Kapangidwe ndi Katundu wa Sodium CMC:

CMC imapangidwa ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala a cellulose, momwe magulu a carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) amalowetsedwa pamsana wa cellulose kudzera mu etherification kapena esterification reaction. Digiri ya m'malo (DS) imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwamagulu a carboxymethyl pagawo la shuga mu unyolo wa cellulose. Makhalidwe a DS nthawi zambiri amachokera ku 0.2 mpaka 1.5, kutengera momwe kaphatikizidwira ndi zomwe CMC ikufuna.

Kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kumatanthawuza kukula kwa maunyolo a polima ndipo kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu monga gwero la cellulose, njira yophatikizira, momwe amachitira, ndi njira zoyeretsera. Kulemera kwa mamolekyu nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi magawo monga nambala-avereji ya molekyulu yolemetsa (Mn), kulemera kwapakati pa molekyulu (Mw), ndi kukhuthala-kulemera kwa molekyulu (Mv).

Kaphatikizidwe wa Sodium CMC:

Kaphatikizidwe ka CMC nthawi zambiri kumakhudza momwe cellulose ndi sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ndi chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) kapena mchere wake wa sodium (NaClCH2COOH). Zomwe zimachitika zimapitilira nucleophilic substitution, pomwe magulu a hydroxyl (-OH) pa cellulose msana amachitira ndi magulu a chloroacetyl (-ClCH2COOH) kupanga magulu a carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH).

The DS wa CMC akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi kusintha molar chiŵerengero cha chloroacetic asidi kuti mapadi, nthawi anachita, kutentha, pH, ndi magawo ena pa synthesis. Makhalidwe apamwamba a DS amakwaniritsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chloroacetic acid komanso nthawi yayitali yochitira.

Kulemera kwa ma cell a CMC kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulemera kwa maselo a cellulose, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka panthawi ya kaphatikizidwe, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma polymerization a maunyolo a CMC. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaphatikizidwe ndi machitidwe amachitidwe atha kupangitsa CMC kukhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olemera a maselo ndi kukula kwake.

Ubale Pakati pa DS ndi Molecular Weight:

Ubale pakati pa degree of substitution (DS) ndi kulemera kwa maselo a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndizovuta komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi kaphatikizidwe ka CMC, kapangidwe kake, ndi katundu.

1. Zotsatira za DS pa Molecular Weight:
   • Makhalidwe apamwamba a DS nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi mamolekyu ochepa a CMC. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma DS apamwamba amawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa magulu a carboxymethyl pamsana wa cellulose, zomwe zimatsogolera ku unyolo waufupi wa polima ndi zolemetsa zochepa za mamolekyulu pafupifupi.
   • Kuyambitsa kwamagulu a carboxymethyl kumasokoneza kulumikizana kwa ma intermolecular hydrogen pakati pa maunyolo a cellulose, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo ugawike komanso kupatukana panthawi ya kaphatikizidwe. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kungayambitse kuchepa kwa kulemera kwa maselo a CMC, makamaka pamtengo wapamwamba wa DS ndi machitidwe ambiri.
   • Mosiyana ndi izi, ma DS otsika amalumikizidwa ndi maunyolo aatali a polima komanso mamolekyu apamwamba kwambiri pafupipafupi. Izi ndichifukwa choti magawo otsika olowa m'malo amabweretsa magulu ochepa a carboxymethyl pamtundu uliwonse wa shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zazitali za maunyolo osasinthidwa a cellulose azikhalabe.
2. Zotsatira za Molecular Weight pa DS:
   • Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a CMC kumatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa m'malo komwe kumachitika panthawi ya kaphatikizidwe. Maselo apamwamba a cellulose angapereke malo okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi machitidwe a carboxymethylation, kulola kuti m'malo mwapamwamba kwambiri ukwaniritsidwe pansi pazifukwa zina.
   • Komabe, ma cell olemera kwambiri a cellulose amathanso kulepheretsa kupezeka kwa magulu a hydroxyl kuti alowe m'malo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti carboxymethylation ikhale yosakwanira kapena yosakwanira komanso kutsika kwa DS.
   • Kuphatikiza apo, kugawa kwazinthu zama cellulose zoyambira kumatha kukhudza kugawa kwamitengo ya DS pazotsatira za CMC. Ma heterogeneity mu kulemera kwa mamolekyulu atha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kosinthika ndikusinthanso magwiridwe antchito panthawi ya kaphatikizidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwamitengo ya DS pachinthu chomaliza cha CMC.

Zotsatira za DS ndi Molecular Weight pa CMC Properties ndi Application:

1. Makhalidwe a Rheological:
   • Mlingo wolowa m'malo (DS) ndi kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kumatha kukhudza mawonekedwe ake, kuphatikiza kukhuthala, kumeta ubweya wa ubweya, ndi mapangidwe a gel.
   • Makhalidwe apamwamba a DS nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti ma viscosity achepe komanso machitidwe a pseudoplastic (kumeta ubweya wa ubweya) chifukwa cha unyolo waufupi wa polima komanso kuchepa kwa ma cell.
   • Mosiyana ndi izi, kutsika kwa DS ndi zolemera zamamolekyu zapamwamba zimakulitsa kukhuthala komanso kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe a pseudoplastic a mayankho a CMC, zomwe zimatsogolera kukulitsa kukhuthala ndi kuyimitsidwa.
2. Kusungunuka kwa Madzi ndi Kutupa:
   • CMC yokhala ndi ma DS apamwamba kwambiri imakonda kuwonetsa kusungunuka kwamadzi komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi mwachangu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamagulu a hydrophilic carboxymethyl pamaketani a polima.
   • Komabe, kukwera kwambiri kwa DS kungapangitsenso kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mapangidwe a gel, makamaka pamagulu akuluakulu kapena pamaso pa ma cations ambiri.
   • Kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kungakhudze khalidwe lake lotupa komanso kusunga madzi. Kulemera kwa mamolekyu okwera kumapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso kusunga madzi ambiri, zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutulutsa nthawi zonse kapena kuwongolera chinyezi.
3. Kupanga Mafilimu ndi Zolepheretsa:
   • Makanema a CMC opangidwa kuchokera ku mayankho kapena dispersions amawonetsa zotchinga zolimbana ndi okosijeni, chinyezi, ndi mpweya wina, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuyika ndi zokutira.
   • DS ndi kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kumatha kukhudza mphamvu zamakina, kusinthasintha, komanso kutha kwa makanema omwe amabwera. Makhalidwe apamwamba a DS ndi mamolekyu otsika amatha kupangitsa mafilimu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsika komanso zolowera kwambiri chifukwa cha unyolo waufupi wa polima komanso kuchepa kwa ma intermolecular.
4. Mapulogalamu m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:
   • CMC yokhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana a DS ndi masikelo a maselo amapeza ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, nsalu, ndi kubowola mafuta.
   • M'makampani azakudya, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, stabilizer, ndi emulsifier muzinthu monga sosi, mavalidwe, ndi zakumwa. Kusankhidwa kwa kalasi ya CMC kumatengera mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna, kumva pakamwa, komanso kukhazikika kwa chinthu chomaliza.
   • M'mapangidwe amankhwala, CMC imagwira ntchito ngati chomangira, chosokoneza, komanso chopanga mafilimu m'mapiritsi, makapisozi, ndi kuyimitsidwa pakamwa. DS ndi kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kungakhudze kinetics yotulutsa mankhwala, bioavailability, ndi kutsata kwa odwala.
   • M'makampani odzola zodzoladzola, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzopaka, mafuta odzola, ndi zosamalira tsitsi ngati thickener, stabilizer, ndi moisturizer. Kusankhidwa kwa kalasi ya CMC kumadalira zinthu monga mawonekedwe, kufalikira, ndi zomverera.
   • Pobowola mafuta, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola madzi ngati viscosifier, wowongolera kutaya kwamadzimadzi, ndi shale inhibitor. DS ndi kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kungakhudze magwiridwe ake pakusunga bata, kuwongolera kutayika kwamadzi, komanso kuletsa kutupa kwa dongo.

Pomaliza:

Ubale pakati pa degree of substitution (DS) ndi kulemera kwa maselo a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndizovuta komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi kaphatikizidwe ka CMC, kapangidwe kake, ndi katundu. Makhalidwe apamwamba a DS nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi mamolekyu otsika a CMC, pamene kutsika kwa DS ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu apamwamba kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma polima aatali ndi mamolekyu apamwamba kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa ubalewu ndikofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a CMC m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala, zodzola, nsalu, ndi kubowola mafuta. Kufufuza kwina ndi kuyesetsa kwachitukuko kumafunika kuti timvetsetse njira zomwe zili mkati ndikukwaniritsa kaphatikizidwe ndi mawonekedwe a CMC yokhala ndi DS yofananira komanso kugawa kwamphamvu kwa ma molekyulu pazogwiritsa ntchito zina.