Ma starch ethers ndi cellulose ethers onse ndi ether omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka pakumanga komanso ngati zowonjezera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi zofanana, zimakhala zosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, katundu, ndi ntchito.
1.Mapangidwe a Chemical:
Wowuma ether:
Wowuma ether amachokera ku wowuma, polysaccharide wopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a glucose. Kapangidwe kake ka wowuma kamakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: amylose (mizere yofananira ya mamolekyu a shuga olumikizidwa ndi α-1,4-glycosidic bond) ndi amylopectin (okhala ndi α-1,4 ndi α-1,6- ma polima a Nthambi okhala ndi ma glycosidic bond). ) kukhudzana. Ma ethers owuma amapezedwa posintha magulu a hydroxyl a wowuma kudzera munjira ya etherification.
Cellulose ether:
Cellulose, kumbali ina, ndi polysaccharide ina, koma kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mayunitsi a shuga olumikizidwa ndi β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Ma cellulose ethers amachokera ku cellulose kudzera munjira yofanana ya etherification. Magawo obwerezabwereza mu cellulose amalumikizidwa ndi ma beta bond, kupanga mzere wozungulira komanso wowala kwambiri.
2. Gwero:
Wowuma ether:
Wowuma makamaka amachokera ku mbewu monga chimanga, tirigu ndi mbatata. Zomera izi ndi nkhokwe za wowuma ndipo wowuma ether amatha kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa.
Cellulose ether:
Cellulose ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha makoma a cell cell ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Magwero ambiri a cellulose ndi matabwa, thonje, ndi ulusi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ma cellulose ethers amapangidwa posintha ma cellulose omwe amachotsedwa kuzinthu izi.
3. Njira ya Etherification:
Wowuma ether:
Njira ya etherification ya wowuma imaphatikizapo kuyambitsa magulu a ether m'magulu a hydroxyl (OH) omwe amapezeka mu mamolekyu owuma. Magulu a ether wamba omwe amawonjezeredwa ndi methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, ndi hydroxypropyl, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa zinthu za wowuma wosinthidwa.
Cellulose ether:
Etherification ya cellulose imaphatikizapo njira yofanana yomwe magulu a ether amalowetsedwa m'magulu a hydroxyl a cellulose. Ma cellulose ether omwe amachokera ku methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose ndi carboxymethylcellulose.
4. Kusungunuka:
Wowuma ether:
Ma etha wowuma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa m'madzi kuposa ma cellulose ether. Kutengera gulu la ether lomwe limalumikizidwa pakusinthidwa, amatha kuwonetsa magawo osiyanasiyana asungunuka.
Cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ether amadziwika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwawo m'madzi kapena kutulutsa madzi. Kusungunuka kumadalira mtundu ndi mlingo wa ether m'malo.
5. Kupanga mafilimu:
Wowuma ether:
Ma starch ethers nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi luso lochepa lopanga mafilimu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo a semi crystalline. Kanema wotsatirayo akhoza kukhala wosawonekera komanso wosasinthika kwambiri kuposa makanema opangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose ethers.
Cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ethers, makamaka zotumphukira zina monga methylcellulose, amadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo abwino kwambiri opangira mafilimu. Amatha kupanga mafilimu omveka bwino komanso osinthasintha, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito monga zokutira ndi zomatira.
6. Rheological properties:
Wowuma ether:
Wowuma ethers akhoza kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe amadzimadzi, koma khalidwe lawo rheological akhoza kusiyana ndi mapadi a cellulose. Zotsatira pa mamasukidwe akayendedwe zimadalira zinthu monga mlingo wa m'malo ndi maselo kulemera.
Cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ether amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zowongolera ma rheology. Zitha kukhudza kwambiri mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kusungirako madzi ndi kuyenderera katundu m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza utoto, zomatira ndi zida zomangira.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito:
Wowuma ether:
Ma ethers owuma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale azakudya, nsalu ndi mankhwala. M'makampani omanga, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope, mapulasitala ndi zomatira kuti apititse patsogolo zinthu monga kusunga madzi komanso kugwira ntchito.
Cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola komanso m'minda yomanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati thickeners, stabilizers ndi rheology modifiers mu utoto, matope, zomatira matailosi ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.
8. Biodegradability:
Wowuma ether:
Ma starch ether amachokera ku zomera ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonongeka. Zimathandizira kukulitsa kukhazikika kwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ether opangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose ya chomera amathanso kuwonongeka. Kugwirizana kwawo kwachilengedwe ndi mwayi wofunikira muzogwiritsa ntchito pomwe kukhazikika ndikofunikira.
Pomaliza:
Ngakhale ma ethers owuma ndi ma cellulose ethers amagawana zinthu zina zofananira monga zotumphukira za polysaccharide, mawonekedwe awo apadera amankhwala, magwero, kusungunuka, kupanga mafilimu, machitidwe a rheological ndi ntchito amawapatula kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Ma etha wowuma opangidwa kuchokera ku wowuma ndi cellulose ether opangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose aliyense amakhala ndi mwayi wapadera munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira pakusankha ether yoyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwina, kuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito abwino ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-25-2024