Dry mix mortar ndi matope omwe amaperekedwa ngati malonda. Chomwe chimatchedwa matope ochita malonda sachita batching pamalopo, koma chimayang'ana kugunda mufakitale. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe opangira ndi kupereka, matope amalonda amatha kugawidwa kukhala matope okonzeka (wonyowa) ndi matope owuma.
Tanthauzo
1. Tondo wosakaniza wonyowa
Tondo wokonzeka wothira matope amatanthauza simenti, mchenga, madzi, phulusa la ntchentche kapena zosakaniza zina, ndi zosakaniza, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi gawo linalake mu fakitale, kenako zimatumizidwa kumalo osankhidwa ndi galimoto yosakaniza. Yomalizidwa matope osakaniza pansi chikhalidwe. Amadziwika kuti ready-mixed mortar.
2. Wokonzeka matope osakaniza owuma
Mtondo wosakanizika wowuma umatanthawuza kusakaniza kwa ufa kapena granular komwe kumapangidwa ndi katswiri wopanga ndikusakaniza ndi zophatikiza zabwino, zopangira simenti, zosakaniza zamchere,ma cellulose ethers,ndi zosakaniza zina mutatha kuyanika ndikuwunika mugawo linalake. Onjezerani madzi ndikugwedeza molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali pamalopo kuti mupange chisakanizo cha matope. Mapangidwe amtundu wa mankhwalawo akhoza kukhala ambiri kapena m'matumba. Mtondo wosakanizika wowuma umatchedwanso matope osakaniza, zinthu za ufa wouma, ndi zina zotero.
3. Wamba youma-kusakaniza matope matope
Imatanthawuza matope okonzeka osakaniza owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangamanga;
4. Wamba youma-kusakaniza pulasitala matope
Amatanthauza matope okonzeka osakaniza owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pulasitala;
5. Mtondo wamba wosakanizika wowuma
Amatanthawuza matope osakanizika owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga pansi ndi denga (kuphatikiza pamwamba padenga ndi kusanjikiza).
6. Mtondo wapadera wokonzeka wouma wowuma
Amatanthawuza zomangamanga zapadera ndi kukongoletsa matope osakaniza owuma omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapadera pa ntchito, kunja kwa matenthedwe kusungunula pulasitala matope, odzipangira okha matope osakanikirana, mawonekedwe othandizira, akuyang'ana matope, matope opanda madzi, etc.
Poyerekeza ndi njira yokonzekera yachikhalidwe, matope osakaniza owuma ali ndi ubwino wambiri monga khalidwe lokhazikika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupanga bwino kwambiri, khalidwe labwino kwambiri, ntchito yomanga bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Gulu la matope owuma
Mtondo wowuma wowuma umagawidwa m'magulu awiri: matope wamba ndi matope apadera.
Mtondo wamba umaphatikizapo: matope omanga, pulasitala, matope pansi, etc.;
Mitondo yapadera imaphatikizapo: zomatira matailosi, mawonekedwe owuma a ufa, matope otsekemera akunja, matope odziyimira pawokha, matope osalowa madzi, matope okonza, mkati ndi kunja kwa khoma putty, ma caulking agents, grouting materials, etc.
1 matope a miyala
Masonry tondo Dongo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga njerwa, miyala, midadada ndi zida zina zomangira.
2 pulasitala matope
Mtondo wa pulasitala matope umafunika kuti ukhale wogwira ntchito bwino, ndipo ndi wosavuta kuupaka mu yunifolomu ndi wosanjikiza wosanjikiza, womwe ndi wosavuta kumanga; iyeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu yogwirizana kwambiri, ndipo matope osanjikiza ayenera kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu pansi popanda kusweka kapena kusweka pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yaitali. Kugwa, pulasitala matope amatha kuteteza nyumba ndi makoma. Ikhoza kukana kukokoloka kwa nyumba ndi malo achilengedwe monga mphepo, mvula ndi matalala, kumapangitsa kuti nyumba zikhale zolimba, ndikukhala ndi zotsatira zosalala, zoyera komanso zokongola.
3 zomatira zomatira
Zomatira za matailosi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti tile glue, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza matailosi a ceramic, matailosi opukutidwa ndi miyala yachilengedwe monga granite. Dongo lomangira lopangidwa mwapadera lingathe Ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana (monga chinyezi, kusiyana kwa kutentha) kuti zigwirizane ndi midadada yokongoletsera yokhazikika.
4 mawonekedwe matope
Interface matope, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mawonekedwe othandizira chithandizo, sangathe kumangiriza pansi pamtunda, komanso pamwamba pake akhoza kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi zomatira zatsopano, ndipo ndizinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi njira ziwiri. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a gawo lapansi, monga porous amphamvu madzi absorbent zakuthupi, yosalala otsika madzi absorbent zinthu, sanali porous sanali madzi absorbent zinthu, ndi mgwirizano chifukwa cha shrinkage ndi kukulitsa wotsatira cladding zinthu. za gawo lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma bond alephereke, ndi zina zotero, Onsewa amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira othandizira kuti alimbikitse mgwirizano pakati pa zida ziwirizi.
5 Mtondo wotsekereza wakunja
Mtondo wakunja wotenthetsera kutentha: umapangidwa ndi ma aggregates opepuka komanso olimba kwambiri komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri (monga tinthu tating'ono ta polystyrene kapena perlite yowonjezera, ma microbeads, ndi zina), kuphatikiza matope owuma apamwamba kwambiri monga ulusi, cellulose ether, ndi ufa wa latex. Zowonjezera zamatope osakanikirana, kuti matope azikhala ndi ntchito yotenthetsera kutentha, kukhazikika bwino, kukana ming'alu ndi kukana nyengo, ndipo ndi yabwino kumanga, ndalama komanso zothandiza. matope a polima. (Wamba polima polima matope matope, polima pulasitala matope, etc.)
6 matope odzipangira okha
Mtondo wodziyimira pawokha: uli pamtunda wosalinganika (monga pamwamba pake kuti ukonzedwenso, wosanjikiza matope, ndi zina zotero), kupereka malo ogona oyenera, osalala komanso olimba opangira zida zosiyanasiyana zapansi. Monga zipangizo zoyankhulirana bwino za makapeti, matabwa apansi, PVC, matailosi a ceramic, etc. Ngakhale madera akuluakulu, amatha kumangidwanso bwino.
7 matope osalowa madzi
Ndi ya simenti yopanda madzi. Zinthu zopanda madzi zimakhala ndi simenti ndi zodzaza. Itha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito yopanda madzi powonjezera ma polima, zowonjezera, zophatikizika kapena matope owuma osakanikirana ndi simenti yapadera. Mtundu uwu wa zinthu wakhala JS gulu ❖ kuyanika madzi pa msika.
8 kukonza matope
Zowonongeka zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza konkire yokongoletsera yomwe ilibe zitsulo zachitsulo ndipo ilibe ntchito yonyamula katundu pazifukwa zokometsera, ndipo ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso zomangira zowonongeka za konkire kuti zisungidwe ndikukhazikitsanso bata. ndi ntchito. Gawo la dongosolo lokonzekera konkire, limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kubwezeretsanso milatho ya misewu, malo oimika magalimoto, tunnel, ndi zina zotero.
9 Putty makoma amkati ndi kunja
Putty ndi wosanjikiza woonda wa matope osanjikiza, omwe amagawidwa kukhala gawo limodzi ndi magawo awiri. Zothandizira zopangira zokongoletsera zomangamanga, zogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi utoto wa latex.
10 kuuka
Amatchedwanso grouting agent, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza zinthu zophatikizana pakati pa matailosi kapena mwala wachilengedwe, kupereka mawonekedwe okongola komanso mgwirizano pakati pa matailosi omwe akuyang'anizana, kupewa kutsekeka, ndi zina zambiri. Kuteteza zida za matailosi ku kuwonongeka kwamakina ndi zotsatira zoyipa za kulowa kwa madzi.
11 grouting zinthu
Simenti-based grouting zinthu ndi ntchito kubweza shrinkage, ndi micro-kukulitsa, micro-kukulitsa kumachitika mu siteji pulasitiki ndi kuumitsa siteji kubweza shrinkage. thupi louma. Good fluidity angapezeke pansi otsika madzi simenti chiŵerengero, amene ndi opindulitsa kumanga kuthira ndi kukonza kupaka kupaka yomanga.
Kusanthula zovuta zamatope owuma
Pakali pano, matope osakaniza owuma ali mu gawo lachitukuko chofulumira. Kugwiritsa ntchito matope osakanizidwa bwino kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yabwino, ndikuwongolera malo akumizinda. Komabe, pali zovuta zambiri zamakhalidwe mumatope osakanizika owuma. Ngati sichikhala chokhazikika, ubwino wake udzachepetsedwa kwambiri, kapena ngakhale wosagwirizana. Pokhapokha polimbitsa kuwongolera kwaubwino muzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zida zopangira, zomalizidwa, ndi malo omangira, ubwino ndi ntchito za matope osakanizidwa owuma zitha kuchitika.
Kusanthula chifukwa chofala
1 kuphulika
Pali mitundu inayi ya ming'alu yodziwika bwino: ming'alu yokhazikika yokhazikika, ming'alu ya kutentha, kuyanika ming'alu ya shrinkage, ndi ming'alu ya pulasitiki.
Kukhazikika kosagwirizana kwa maziko
Kukhazikika kosagwirizana kwa maziko makamaka kumatanthawuza kusweka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa khoma lokha.
kutentha kuphulika
Kusintha kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha ndi kutsika kwa zinthuzo. Pamene kutentha kupanikizika chifukwa cha kutentha mapindikidwe pansi zopinga mikhalidwe ndi lalikulu mokwanira, khoma kupanga kutentha ming'alu.
kuyanika shrinkage ming'alu
Kuyanika ming'alu ya shrinkage kumatchedwa kuyanika ming'alu ya shrinkage mwachidule. Pamene madzi opangidwa ndi zomangamanga monga midadada ya konkire ya aerated ndi phulusa la ntchentche akucheperachepera, zipangizozo zimatulutsa zowonongeka zazikulu zowumitsa. Zinthu zochepetsera zidzakulabe zitanyowa, ndipo zinthuzo zidzacheperachepera ndikuwonongekanso pambuyo pa kutaya madzi m'thupi.
kuchepa kwa pulasitiki
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa pulasitiki ndikuti pakangopita nthawi yochepa matope atakulungidwa, kupanikizika kwa shrinkage kumapangidwa pamene chinyezi chimachepa pamene chiri mu pulasitiki. Pamene kupsinjika kwa shrinkage kumaposa mphamvu yomatira ya matope okha, ming'alu idzachitika pamwamba pa kapangidwe kake. Kuyanika kwa pulasitiki kwa matope opaka pulasitala kumakhudzidwa ndi nthawi, kutentha, chinyezi komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi a matope opaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusasamala pakupanga, kulephera kukhazikitsa mizere ya gridi molingana ndi zofunikira, miyeso yosayembekezeka yolimbana ndi ming'alu, zinthu zosayenerera, zomangamanga, kuphwanya malamulo a kamangidwe ndi zomangamanga, mphamvu zomanga nyumba zosakwaniritsa zofunikira, komanso kusowa. zinachitikira nawonso Chifukwa chofunika ming'alu pakhoma.
2 bwinja
Pali zifukwa zinayi zazikuluzikulu zobowoleredwa: pamwamba pa khoma la pansi silimathandizidwa, khomalo ndi lalitali kwambiri kuti lisamangidwe chifukwa cha nthawi yosakwanira yokonza, pulasitala imodzi imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, ndipo pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Pansi pa khoma pamwamba sichimathandizidwa
Fumbi lokhazikika pakhoma, matope otsala ndi chotulutsa pakutsanulira sichinatsukidwe, malo osalala a konkire sanapakidwe utoto ndi mawonekedwe kapena kupopera ndi kupukutidwa, ndipo madziwo sananyowedwe mokwanira asanapakapaka, etc. ., zipangitsa kuti Phonomenon ikhale yopanda malire.
Ngati nthawi yokonza khoma sikokwanira, imafuna pulasitala. Kupaka kumayambira khoma lisanapunthike, ndipo kutsika kwa tsinde ndi pulasitala sikumagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale dzenje.
pulasitala wosanjikiza umodzi wokhuthala kwambiri
Kupalasa kwa khomalo kukakhala kopanda bwino kapena kukakhala ndi chilema, palibe chithandizo chapambuyo pake, ndipo pulasitala amafunitsitsa kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino, ndipo zimapulumuka nthawi imodzi. Kupaka pulasitala kumakhala kokhuthara kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusweka kwake kukhale kokulirapo kuposa mphamvu yomangira matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zibowole.
Molakwika ntchito pulasitala zipangizo
Mphamvu ya pulasitala matope sagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya khoma lapansi, ndipo kusiyana kwa shrinkage ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, chomwe ndi chifukwa china cha dzenje.
3 Mchenga pamwamba
Kutayika kwa mchenga pamtunda makamaka chifukwa cha kagawo kakang'ono ka cementitious zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope, mchenga wa fineness modulus ndi wotsika kwambiri, matope amaposa muyezo, mphamvu yamatope sikwanira kuchititsa mchenga, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo madzi. matope ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo kutayika kwa madzi kumathamanga kwambiri, ndipo kukonza pambuyo pomanga sikuli m'malo. Kapena palibe kukonza kuti mchenga uwonongeke.
4 poda peeling
Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope sikuli kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwa chigawo chilichonse mumatope sikuli bwino, ndipo chiwerengero cha admixture chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusisita ndi calendering, ufa wina umayandama ndikusonkhanitsa pamwamba, kuti mphamvu ya pamwamba ikhale yochepa komanso khungu la ufa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-06-2022