Kodi hydrocolloid yopangidwa ndi chiyani?

Ma Hydrocolloids nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mamolekyu aatali omwe amakhala ndi gawo la hydrophilic (lokopa madzi) ndipo amathanso kukhala ndi zigawo za hydrophobic (zothamangitsa madzi). Mamolekyuwa amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe kapena zopangira ndipo amatha kupanga ma gels kapena ma viscous dispersions akabalalika m'madzi kapena m'madzi amadzimadzi.

Nayi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma hydrocolloids ndi magwero awo:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: Wochokera ku udzu wa m'nyanja, agar amapangidwa makamaka ndi agarose ndi agaropectin, omwe ndi ma polysaccharides opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwereza a galactose ndi shuga wosinthidwa wa galactose.
   • Alginate: Ochokera ku ndere za bulauni, alginate ndi polysaccharide yopangidwa ndi mannuronic acid ndi guluronic acid mayunitsi, zokonzedwa mosinthana motsatizana.
   • Pectin: Imapezeka m'makoma a zipatso, pectin ndi polysaccharide yovuta yopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a galacturonic acid okhala ndi ma methylation osiyanasiyana.
2. Mapuloteni:
   • Gelatin: Wochokera ku collagen, gelatin ndi mapuloteni a hydrocolloid opangidwa ndi amino acid, makamaka glycine, proline, ndi hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Amapezeka mu mkaka, casein ndi gulu la phosphoproteins lomwe limapanga ma hydrocolloids pamaso pa ayoni a calcium pansi pa acidic mikhalidwe.
3. Ma polima a Synthetic:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): Polima yopangidwa ndi semi-synthetic yochokera ku cellulose, HPMC imasinthidwa ndi mankhwala kuti iwonetse magulu a hydroxypropyl ndi methyl pamsana wa cellulose.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Komanso yochokera ku cellulose, CMC imakumana ndi carboxymethylation kuyambitsa magulu a carboxymethyl pama cellulose.

Ma hydrocolloids awa ali ndi zida zapadera komanso magulu ogwirira ntchito omwe amawathandiza kuti azilumikizana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kudzera pa hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, ndi mphamvu ya hydration. Zotsatira zake, amawonetsa mawonekedwe apadera a rheological, monga viscosity, gelation, ndi kuthekera kopanga filimu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala zofunikira pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi nsalu.