Zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi za cellulose ether

Njira yolumikizirana, njira ndi katundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana ndi madzi osungunuka a cellulose ether adayambitsidwa. Ndi crosslinking kusinthidwa, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, rheological katundu, solubility ndi makina katundu wa madzi sungunuka mapadi ether akhoza bwino kwambiri, kuti kumapangitsanso ntchito yake ntchito. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi katundu wa crosslinkers zosiyanasiyana, mitundu ya mapadi etere crosslinking kusintha kachitidwe anafupikitsidwa, ndi mayendedwe a chitukuko cha crosslinkers zosiyanasiyana m'madera ntchito zosiyanasiyana za cellulose ether anali mwachidule. Poganizira ntchito yabwino ya ether yosungunuka m'madzi ya cellulose ether yomwe idasinthidwa polumikizana ndi maphunziro ochepa kunyumba ndi kunja, kusinthika kwapatsogolo kwa cellulose ether kuli ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko. Izi ndi zofotokozera za ofufuza oyenera komanso mabizinesi opanga.
Mawu ofunikira: kusintha kolumikizana; Cellulose ether; Kapangidwe ka mankhwala; Kusungunuka; Kugwiritsa ntchito

Cellulose ether chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino, monga thickening wothandizila, madzi posungira wothandizila, zomatira, binder ndi dispersant, zoteteza colloid, stabilizer, kuyimitsidwa wothandizira, emulsifier ndi filimu kupanga wothandizila, ankagwiritsa ntchito ❖ kuyanika, yomanga, mafuta, tsiku mankhwala, chakudya. ndi mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena. Cellulose ether makamaka imaphatikizapo methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ndi mitundu ina ya ether yosakanikirana. Ma cellulose ether amapangidwa ndi ulusi wa thonje kapena ulusi wamatabwa ndi alkalization, etherification, kutsuka centrifugation, kuyanika, njira yopera yokonzekera, kugwiritsa ntchito etherification agents nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito halogenated alkane kapena epoxy alkane.
Komabe, pogwiritsira ntchito madzi osungunuka a cellulose ether, mwayi udzakumana ndi chilengedwe chapadera, monga kutentha kwakukulu ndi kochepa, chilengedwe cha asidi-m'munsi, malo ovuta a ionic, malowa adzachititsa kuti makulidwe, kusungunuka, kusunga madzi, kumamatira, zomatira, kuyimitsidwa khola ndi emulsification wa madzi sungunuka mapadi ether amakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuchititsa imfa yathunthu ya magwiridwe ake.
Kuti kusintha ntchito ntchito mapadi efa, m`pofunika kuchita crosslinking mankhwala, ntchito wothandizila crosslinking osiyanasiyana, ntchito mankhwala ndi osiyana. Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya othandizira ophatikizira ndi njira zawo zolumikizirana, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wophatikizira pakupanga mafakitale, pepalali likukambirana za kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya othandizira ophatikizira, kupereka zofotokozera za kusintha kwa cellulose ether. .

1.Structure ndi crosslinking mfundo ya cellulose ether

Cellulose etherndi mtundu wa zotumphukira za cellulose, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi etere m'malo mwa magulu atatu a mowa wa hydroxyl pa mamolekyu achilengedwe a cellulose ndi halogenated alkane kapena epoxide alkane. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zolowa m'malo, kapangidwe ka cellulose ether ndi kosiyana. Kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether makamaka kumakhudza etherification kapena esterification ya -OH (OH pa mphete ya glucose kapena -OH pa cholowa kapena carboxyl pa cholowa) ndi cholumikizira chokhala ndi magulu awiri kapena angapo ogwira ntchito, kotero kuti awiri kapena mamolekyu ambiri a cellulose ether amalumikizidwa palimodzi kuti apange maukonde amitundu yambiri. Ndiwo crosslinked cellulose ether.
Nthawi zambiri, ether cellulose ndi crosslinking agent ya yankho lamadzimadzi lomwe lili ndi zambiri -OH monga HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC ndi CMC zitha kulumikizidwa kapena kulumikizidwa. Chifukwa CMC ili ndi ayoni a carboxylic acid, magulu ogwira ntchito omwe ali mu crosslinking agent amatha kulumikizidwa ndi ayoni a carboxylic acid.
Pambuyo zimene -OH kapena -COO- mu mapadi etere molekyulu ndi crosslinking wothandizira, chifukwa kuchepetsa zili m'madzi sungunuka magulu ndi mapangidwe Mipikisano dimensional maukonde dongosolo yankho, solubility ake, rheology ndi katundu makina. zidzasinthidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma crosslinking agents osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi cellulose ether, magwiridwe antchito a cellulose ether adzakhala bwino. Ma cellulose ether oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafakitale adakonzedwa.

2. Mitundu ya ma crosslinking agents

2.1 Aldehydes crosslinking agents
Aldehyde crosslinking agents amatanthauza mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu la aldehyde (-CHO), omwe ali ndi mankhwala ndipo amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi hydroxyl, ammonia, amide ndi mankhwala ena. Aldehyde crosslinking wothandizila ntchito mapadi ndi zotumphukira zake monga formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, etc. Aldehyde gulu mosavuta anachita ndi awiri -OH kupanga acetals pansi ofooka acidic mikhalidwe, ndipo anachita n'zongosintha. Ma cellulose ethers omwe amasinthidwa ndi aldehydes crosslinking agents ndi HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC ndi ma ether ena amadzimadzi a cellulose.
Gulu limodzi la aldehyde limalumikizidwa ndi magulu awiri a hydroxyl pa unyolo wa cellulose ether molecular, ndipo ma cellulose ether mamolekyulu amalumikizidwa kudzera pakupanga ma acetals, kupanga mawonekedwe a danga la maukonde, kuti asinthe kusungunuka kwake. Chifukwa chaufulu -OH zomwe zimachitika pakati pa aldehyde crosslinking agent ndi cellulose ether, kuchuluka kwa magulu a hydrophilic amachepetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asasungunuke bwino. Choncho, ndi kulamulira kuchuluka kwa crosslinking wothandizira, zolimbitsa crosslinking wa mapadi ether akhoza kuchedwetsa nthawi hydration ndi kuteteza mankhwala Kutha mofulumira kwambiri njira amadzimadzi, chifukwa m`deralo agglomeration.
Zotsatira za aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether nthawi zambiri zimatengera kuchuluka kwa aldehyde, pH, kufanana kwa zomwe zimayenderana, nthawi yolumikizana, komanso kutentha. Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono ndi pH kumapangitsa kulumikizana kosasinthika chifukwa cha hemiacetal kukhala acetal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cellulose ether isasungunuke m'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa aldehyde ndi kufanana kwa crosslinking reaction kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether.
Formaldehyde sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kuphatikizira cellulose ether chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wake wambiri komanso kusakhazikika kwake. M'mbuyomu, formaldehyde idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zokutira, zomatira, nsalu, ndipo tsopano imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi otsika kawopsedwe omwe si formaldehyde crosslinking agents. Kuphatikizika kwa glutaraldehyde ndikwabwino kuposa glyoxal, koma kumakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, ndipo mtengo wa glutaraldehyde ndiokwera kwambiri. Poganizira zambiri, m'makampani, glyoxal amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizira madzi osungunuka a cellulose ether kuti asungunuke zinthu. Nthawi zambiri kutentha, pH 5 ~ 7 ofooka acidic zinthu akhoza kuchitidwa crosslinking anachita. Pambuyo crosslinking, nthawi hydration ndi wathunthu hydration nthawi ya mapadi ether adzakhala yaitali, ndi chodabwitsa agglomeration adzakhala wofooka. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zopanda crosslinking, kusungunuka kwa cellulose ether kuli bwino, ndipo sipadzakhala mankhwala osasunthika mu njira yothetsera vutoli, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mafakitale azigwiritsidwa ntchito. Zhang Shuangjian atakonza hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, cholumikizira cholumikizira glyoxal chinapopera asanaumitsidwe kuti apeze pompopompo hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa 100%, komwe sikunamamatirane pakutha ndipo kunali kubalalitsidwa mwachangu ndi kusungunuka, komwe kunathetsa mtolowu mothandiza. kugwiritsa ntchito ndikukulitsa gawo lofunsira.
Mu chikhalidwe cha alkaline, njira yosinthika yopangira acetal idzasweka, nthawi ya hydration ya mankhwala idzafupikitsidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe a kusungunuka kwa cellulose ether popanda crosslinking adzabwezeretsedwa. Pa kukonzekera ndi kupanga mapadi efa, ndi crosslinking anachita aldehydes zambiri ikuchitika pambuyo etheration anachita ndondomeko, mwina mu madzi gawo la ndondomeko kutsuka kapena olimba gawo pambuyo centrifugation. Nthawi zambiri, pakutsuka, kufanana kwa crosslinking ndikwabwino, koma kuphatikizikako kumakhala koyipa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zida zauinjiniya, kuphatikizika kolumikizana m'gawo lolimba kumakhala kovutirapo, koma kuphatikizika kolumikizana ndikwabwinoko komanso kuchuluka kwa njira yolumikizirana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yaying'ono.
Aldehydes crosslinking agents anasintha madzi sungunuka cellulose ether, kuwonjezera kuwongolera kusungunuka kwake, palinso malipoti omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza makina ake, kukhazikika kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, Peng Zhang adagwiritsa ntchito glyoxal kuti adutse ndi HEC, ndikuwunika momwe ndende yolumikizirana, kuphatikizira pH ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono pamphamvu yonyowa ya HEC. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti pansi pa chikhalidwe chabwino kwambiri chodutsa, mphamvu yonyowa ya HEC fiber pambuyo pa crosslinking ikuwonjezeka ndi 41.5%, ndipo ntchito yake imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Zhang Jin adagwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka a phenolic resin, glutaraldehyde ndi trichloroacetaldehyde kuphatikizira CMC. Poyerekeza katundu, yankho la madzi sungunuka phenolic utomoni crosslinked CMC anali osachepera mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuchepetsa pambuyo mkulu kutentha mankhwala, ndiko, yabwino kutentha kukana.
2.2 Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents amatchulanso ma polycarboxylic acid, makamaka succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid ndi ma binary kapena polycarboxylic acid. Carboxylic acid crosslinkers adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ulusi wa nsalu kuti azitha kusalala bwino. Njira yolumikizirana ili motere: gulu la carboxyl limakumana ndi gulu la hydroxyl la cellulose kuti lipange esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Welch ndi Yang et al. anali oyamba kuphunzira njira yolumikizirana ya carboxylic acid crosslinkers. Njira yolumikizirana inali motere: pazifukwa zina, magulu awiri oyandikana nawo a carboxylic acid mu carboxylic acid crosslinkers adayamba kutaya madzi m'thupi kuti apange cyclic anhydride, ndipo anhydride adachita ndi OH mu mamolekyu a cellulose kuti apange crosslinked cellulose ether yokhala ndi network yolumikizana ndi malo.
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents nthawi zambiri amachita ndi cellulose ether yokhala ndi hydroxyl substitute. Chifukwa ma carboxylic acid crosslinking agents ndi osungunuka m'madzi komanso alibe poizoni, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza nkhuni, wowuma, chitosan ndi cellulose m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Zotengera ndi zina zachilengedwe polima esterification crosslinking kusinthidwa, kuti patsogolo ntchito m'munda ntchito.
Hu Hanchang et al. adagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha sodium hypophosphite kuti atenge ma polycarboxylic acid anayi okhala ndi mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) adagwiritsidwa ntchito. kumaliza nsalu za thonje. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mawonekedwe ozungulira a polycarboxylic acid kumaliza nsalu ya thonje amakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yochira. Mamolekyu a cyclic polycarboxylic acid ndi omwe amatha kulumikizana bwino chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso kuphatikizika bwinoko kuposa ma molekyulu a carboxylic acid.
Wang Jiwei et al. adagwiritsa ntchito asidi osakanikirana a citric acid ndi acetic anhydride kupanga esterification ndi crosslinking kusinthidwa kwa wowuma. Poyesa mawonekedwe a madzi ndi phala lowonekera, adatsimikiza kuti wowuma wa esterified crosslinked anali ndi kukhazikika kwachisanu, kutsika kwa phala komanso kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamatenthedwe kuposa wowuma.
Magulu a Carboxylic acid amatha kusintha kusungunuka kwawo, kusungunuka kwawo komanso makina ake pambuyo pa esterification crosslinking reaction ndi yogwira -OH mu ma polima osiyanasiyana, ndi mankhwala a carboxylic acid ali ndi zinthu zopanda poizoni kapena zotsika poizoni, zomwe zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chochuluka cha kusinthika kwamadzi. soluble cellulose ether mu kalasi ya chakudya, kalasi yamankhwala ndi minda yokutira.
2.3 Epoxy compound crosslinking agent
Epoxy crosslinking agent ili ndi magulu awiri kapena angapo a epoxy, kapena mankhwala a epoxy okhala ndi magulu ogwira ntchito. Pansi pa zochita za catalysts, magulu a epoxy ndi magulu ogwira ntchito amachitapo kanthu ndi -OH mumagulu a organic kuti apange macromolecules okhala ndi maukonde. Chifukwa chake, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuphatikizana kwa cellulose ether.
The mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi makina zimatha cellulose ether akhoza bwino ndi epoxy crosslinking. Epoxides anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ulusi wa nsalu ndikuwonetsa zabwino zomaliza. Komabe, pali malipoti ochepa okhudzana ndi kusinthidwa kwa cellulose ether ndi epoxides. Hu Cheng et al adapanga chophatikizira chatsopano cha multifunctional epoxy compound: EPTA, chomwe chidathandizira kuchira konyowa konyowa Kongole ya nsalu zenizeni za silika kuyambira 200º musanalandire chithandizo mpaka 280º. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wabwino wa crosslinker udawonjezera kuchuluka kwa utoto komanso kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a nsalu zenizeni za silika ku utoto wa asidi. The epoxy compound crosslinking agent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Chen Xiaohui et al. : polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) imalumikizidwa ndi gelatin. Pambuyo pakuwoloka, gelatin hydrogel imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yochira, yokhala ndi chiwopsezo chapamwamba kwambiri chochira mpaka 98.03%. Kutengera maphunziro okhudzana ndi kusinthidwa kolumikizana kwa ma polima achilengedwe monga nsalu ndi gelatin ndi ma oxides apakati m'mabuku, kusinthika kolumikizana kwa cellulose ether ndi epoxides kumakhalanso ndi chiyembekezo chosangalatsa.
Epichlorohydrin (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti epichlorohydrin) ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza zinthu zachilengedwe za polima zomwe zili -OH, -NH2 ndi magulu ena ogwira ntchito. Pambuyo pa epichlorohydrin crosslinking, kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity, asidi ndi alkali kukana, kukana kutentha, kukana mchere, kukana kukameta ubweya ndi zida zamakina zazinthuzo zidzasinthidwa. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito epichlorohydrin mu cellulose ether crosslinking kuli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakufufuza. Mwachitsanzo, Su Maoyao adapanga zinthu zokopa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito epiclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Adakambirana za momwe zinthu zimakhudzira kapangidwe kazinthu, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zotsatsa, ndipo adapeza kuti mtengo wosungira madzi (WRV) ndi brine retention value (SRV) wazinthu zopangidwa ndi pafupifupi 3% crosslinking agent idakwera ndi 26. nthawi ndi nthawi 17, motsatana. Pamene Ding Changguang et al. okonzeka kwambiri viscous carboxymethyl cellulose, epichlorohydrin anawonjezeredwa pambuyo etherification kwa crosslinking. Poyerekeza, kukhuthala kwa chinthu chophatikizika chinali chokwera mpaka 51% kuposa cha chinthu chosagwirizana.
2.4 Boric acid crosslinking agents
Mankhwala ophatikizira a boric makamaka amaphatikiza boric acid, borax, borate, organoborate ndi othandizira ena okhala ndi borate. Njira yolumikizirana imakhulupirira kuti boric acid (H3BO3) kapena borate (B4O72-) imapanga tetrahydroxy borate ion (B (OH) 4-) mu yankho, ndiyeno imawononga madzi ndi -O mu pawiri. Pangani chophatikizika chophatikizika chokhala ndi network network.
Boric acid crosslinkers chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira mu mankhwala, galasi, ziwiya zadothi, mafuta ndi zina. Mphamvu zamakina zazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boric acid crosslinking agent zitha kusinthidwa, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether, kuti zithandizire bwino.
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, boron (borax, boric acid ndi sodium tetraborate, etc.) inali njira yolumikizirana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi opangira mafuta ndi gasi. Borax ndiye anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito crosslinking. Chifukwa cha zofooka za boron, monga nthawi yochepa yodutsana ndi kutentha kosasunthika, chitukuko cha organoboron crosslinking agent chakhala malo ofufuza. Kafukufuku wa organoboron adayamba mu 1990s. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake kutentha kukana, zosavuta kuthyola guluu, controllable anachedwa crosslinking, etc., organoboron akwaniritsa bwino ntchito zotsatira mafuta ndi mpweya kumunda fracturing. Liu Ji et al. anapanga polima crosslinking wothandizila munali phenylboric acid gulu, crosslinking wothandizira wothira akiliriki asidi ndi polyol polima ndi succinimide ester gulu anachita, chifukwa chamoyo zomatira ali ndi ntchito yabwino mabuku, akhoza kusonyeza zomatira zabwino ndi makina katundu mu chilengedwe chinyezi, ndipo akhoza zambiri zosavuta kumamatira. Yang Yang et al. opangidwa ndi kutentha kugonjetsedwa ndi zirconium boron crosslinking agent, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa guanidine gel base base fluid ya fracturing fluid, ndipo imasintha kwambiri kutentha ndi kukameta ubweya wamadzimadzi a fracturing pambuyo pogwirizanitsa mankhwala. Kusintha kwa carboxymethyl cellulose ether ndi boric acid crosslinking agent mu petroleum pobowola madzimadzi akuti. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apadera, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala ndi zomangamanga
Kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether pomanga, zokutira ndi zina.
2.5 Phosphide crosslinking wothandizira
Phosphates crosslinking wothandizira makamaka phosphorous trichloroxy (phosphoacyl kolorayidi), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, etc. The crosslinking limagwirira kuti PO chomangira kapena P-Cl chomangira ndi esterified ndi maselo -OH mu amadzimadzi njira kubala diphosphate, kupanga maukonde dongosolo. .
Phosphide crosslinking wothandizira chifukwa sanali poizoni kapena otsika kawopsedwe, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chakudya, mankhwala polima zinthu crosslinking kusinthidwa monga wowuma, chitosan ndi zina zachilengedwe polima crosslinking mankhwala. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti gelatinization ndi kutupa katundu wa wowuma akhoza kusintha kwambiri powonjezera pang'ono phosphide crosslinking wothandizira. Pambuyo wowuma crosslinking, gelatinization kutentha ukuwonjezeka, phala bata bwino, asidi kukana ndi bwino kuposa wowuma choyambirira, ndi filimu mphamvu ukuwonjezeka.
Palinso maphunziro ambiri okhudzana ndi chitosan crosslinking ndi phosphide crosslinking agent, yomwe imatha kusintha mphamvu zake zamakina, kukhazikika kwamankhwala ndi zina. Pakalipano, palibe malipoti okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito phosphide crosslinking wothandizira pa cellulose ether crosslinking mankhwala. Chifukwa mapadi etere ndi wowuma, chitosan ndi ma polima ena achilengedwe muli kwambiri yogwira -OH, ndi phosphide crosslinking wothandizila ali sanali poizoni kapena otsika kawopsedwe zokhudza thupi katundu, ntchito yake mu mapadi etere crosslinking kafukufuku alinso ndi chiyembekezo angathe. Monga CMC ntchito chakudya, otsukira mano kalasi munda ndi phosphide crosslinking wothandizira kusinthidwa, akhoza kusintha thickening, rheological katundu. MC, HPMC ndi HEC zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala zitha kusinthidwa ndi phosphide crosslinking agent.
2.6 Othandizira ena ophatikizika
Ma aldehydes, epoxides ndi cellulose ether crosslinking ndi a etherification crosslinking, carboxylic acid, boric acid ndi phosphide crosslinking agent ndi a esterification crosslinking. Kuphatikiza apo, ma crosslinking agents omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cellulose ether crosslinking amaphatikizanso ma isocyanate, nitrogen hydroxymethyl compounds, sulfhydryl compounds, metal crosslinking agents, organosilicon crosslinking agents, ndi zina zotero. zosavuta kuchita ndi -OH, ndipo zimatha kupanga maukonde amitundu yambiri mutatha kuwoloka. The katundu crosslinking mankhwala okhudzana ndi mtundu wa crosslinking wothandizira, digiri crosslinking ndi zinthu crosslinking.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. amagwiritsa ntchito toluene diisocyanate (TDI) kuti apititse patsogolo methyl cellulose. Pambuyo pa crosslinking, kutentha kwa galasi (Tg) kunawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha TDI, ndipo kukhazikika kwa njira yake yamadzimadzi kunakula. TDI imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri posintha ma crosslinking mu zomatira, zokutira ndi zina. Pambuyo pa kusinthidwa, katundu womatira, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kukana kwa madzi kwa filimuyo kudzakhala bwino. Chifukwa chake, TDI imatha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a cellulose ether omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, zokutira ndi zomatira mwa kusintha kolumikizana.
Ukadaulo wa Disulfide crosslinking umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posintha zida zamankhwala ndipo uli ndi phindu linalake la kafukufuku wophatikizira zinthu za cellulose ether m'munda wamankhwala. Shujun et al. kuphatikiza β-cyclodextrin ndi silica microspheres, crosslinked mercaptoylated chitosan ndi glucan kupyolera mu chipolopolo cha gradient, ndikuchotsa ma silica microspheres kuti apeze disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, zomwe zinasonyeza kukhazikika kwabwino mu pH yofanana ya thupi.
Metal crosslinking agents makamaka inorganic ndi organic mankhwala a ayoni mkulu zitsulo monga Zr(IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) ndi Fe(III). Ma ion achitsulo apamwamba amapangidwa polima kuti apange ma ayoni amtundu wa nyukiliya wa hydroxyl mlatho kudzera mu hydration, hydrolysis ndi hydroxyl mlatho. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kulumikizana kwa ma ion zitsulo zokhala ndi ma valence apamwamba kwambiri kumachitika kudzera mu ma ion a ma nucleated hydroxyl bridging ions, omwe ndi osavuta kuphatikiza ndi magulu a carboxylic acid kuti apange ma polima amitundu yambiri. Xu Kai et al. adaphunzira za rheological properties za Zr(IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) ndi Fe(III) series high-priced metal cross-linked carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta, kutayika kwa kusefera. , kuchuluka kwa mchenga woyimitsidwa, zotsalira zophwanya guluu ndi kuyanjana kwa mchere mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti, The iron crosslinker ili ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira popangira simenti yamafuta opangira mafuta.

3. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi chitukuko chaumisiri cha cellulose ether mwa kusintha kwa crosslinking

3.1 Kupaka ndi kumanga
Ma cellulose ether makamaka HEC, HPMC, HEMC ndi MC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, zokutira, mtundu uwu wa efa wa cellulose uyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwamadzi abwino, kukhuthala, kukana kwa mchere ndi kutentha, kukana kukameta ubweya, komwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope a simenti, utoto wa latex. , zomatira matailosi a ceramic, utoto wakunja wakunja, lacquer ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha nyumba, ❖ kuyanika munda zofunika zipangizo ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zabwino mawotchi ndi bata, ambiri kusankha etherification mtundu crosslinking wothandizira kuti mapadi etero crosslinking kusinthidwa, monga ntchito epoxy halogenated alkane, boric asidi crosslinking wothandizila kwa crosslinking ake, akhoza kusintha mankhwala. mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mchere ndi kutentha kukana, kukameta ubweya ndi katundu makina.
3.2 Minda yamankhwala, chakudya ndi mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku
MC, HPMC ndi CMC mu madzi sungunuka mapadi ether nthawi zambiri ntchito mankhwala ❖ kuyanika zipangizo, mankhwala pang'onopang'ono kumasulidwa zina ndi madzi thickener mankhwala ndi emulsion stabilizer. CMC itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati emulsifier ndi thickener mu yoghurt, mkaka ndi mankhwala otsukira mano. HEC ndi MC amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wamankhwala watsiku ndi tsiku kuti akhwime, kubalalitsa ndi kutulutsa homogenize. Chifukwa munda wa mankhwala, chakudya ndi tsiku mankhwala kalasi amafunikira zipangizo otetezeka ndi sanali poizoni, choncho, kwa mtundu uwu wa mapadi efa angagwiritsidwe ntchito asidi phosphoric, asidi carboxylic crosslinking wothandizira, sulfhydryl crosslinking wothandizira, etc., pambuyo crosslinking kusinthidwa, akhoza kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mankhwala, kukhazikika kwachilengedwenso ndi zina.
HEC sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'minda ya mankhwala ndi chakudya, koma chifukwa HEC ndi ether yopanda ionic cellulose ndi kusungunuka kwamphamvu, ili ndi ubwino wake wapadera pa MC, HPMC ndi CMC. M'tsogolomu, idzalumikizidwa ndi otetezeka komanso osagwiritsa ntchito poizoni, omwe adzakhala ndi chitukuko chachikulu pazamankhwala ndi chakudya.
3.3 Malo obowola ndi kupanga mafuta
CMC ndi carboxylated mapadi ether ambiri ntchito monga mafakitale pobowola matope mankhwala wothandizira, madzimadzi kutaya wothandizira, thickening wothandizira ntchito. Monga si-ionic cellulose ether, HEC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pobowola mafuta chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwake, kuyimitsa mchenga wamphamvu komanso kukhazikika, kukana kutentha, mchere wambiri, kukana kwamapaipi, kutayika kwamadzi pang'ono, mphira mwachangu. kusweka ndi zotsalira zochepa. Pakali pano, kafukufuku wochuluka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito boric acid crosslinking agents ndi zitsulo crosslinking wothandizira kusintha CMC ntchito mafuta pobowola munda, sanali ionic mapadi efa crosslinking kusinthidwa kafukufuku lipoti zochepa, koma hydrophobic kusinthidwa sanali ionic mapadi efa, kusonyeza kwambiri. mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kutentha ndi mchere kukana ndi kukameta ubweya bata, kubalalitsidwa wabwino ndi kukana kwachilengedwenso hydrolysis. Pambuyo crosslinked ndi boric acid, zitsulo, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes ndi wothandizila crosslinking, mapadi efa ntchito pobowola mafuta ndi kupanga bwino thickening ake, mchere ndi kutentha kukana, bata ndi zina zotero, amene ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu ntchito mu m'tsogolo.
3.4 Magawo ena
Ma cellulose ether chifukwa cha thickening, emulsification, kupanga filimu, chitetezo cha colloidal, kusunga chinyezi, kumamatira, anti-sensitivity ndi zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa minda yomwe ili pamwambayi, yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mapepala, zoumba, kusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto, polymerization reaction ndi zina. Malinga ndi zofunikira za zinthu zakuthupi m'magawo osiyanasiyana, othandizira osiyanasiyana ophatikizira angagwiritsidwe ntchito posintha ma crosslinking kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. Kawirikawiri, crosslinked cellulose ether akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: etherified crosslinked cellulose ether ndi esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Aldehydes, epoxides ndi crosslinkers zina amachita ndi -Oh pa cellulose etha kupanga ether-oxygen chomangira (-O-), amene ali etherification crosslinkers. Carboxylic acid, phosfide, boric acid ndi zinthu zina zolumikizirana zimachita ndi -OH pa cellulose ether kupanga ma ester bond, a esterification crosslinking agents. Gulu la carboxyl mu CMC limakumana ndi -OH mu njira yolumikizirana kuti ipange esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Pakalipano, pali kafukufuku wochepa wokhudza kusintha kwamtundu wotere, ndipo pali malo oti apite patsogolo. Chifukwa kukhazikika kwa chomangira cha etere ndikwabwinoko kuposa chomangira cha ester, mtundu wa ether crosslinked cellulose ether uli ndi kukhazikika kwamphamvu komanso makina amakina. Malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito, wothandizila woyenera wolumikizira amatha kusankhidwa kuti asinthe ma cellulose ether crosslinking, kuti apeze zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.

4. Mapeto

Pakalipano, makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito glyoxal ku crosslink cellulose ether, kuti achedwetse nthawi yowonongeka, kuti athetse vuto la kuyika mankhwala panthawi ya kuwonongeka. Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether imatha kusintha kusungunuka kwake, koma ilibe kusintha kowonekera pazinthu zina. Pakalipano, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena ophatikizira kupatula glyoxal pa cellulose ether crosslinking sikumaphunziridwa kawirikawiri. Chifukwa cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola mafuta, zomangamanga, zokutira, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, kusungunuka kwake, ma rheology, makina amakina amatenga gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Kupyolera mu kusintha kwa crosslinking, ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid crosslinking agent ya cellulose ester esterification imatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake pantchito yazakudya ndi mankhwala. Komabe, ma aldehydes sangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makampani azakudya ndi zamankhwala chifukwa chakupha kwawo. Boric acid ndi zitsulo crosslinking agents amathandiza kusintha ntchito mafuta ndi mpweya fracturing madzimadzi pambuyo crosslinking mapadi ether ntchito pobowola mafuta. Ena alkyl crosslinking wothandizira, monga epichlorohydrin, akhoza kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe, rheological katundu ndi makina katundu wa mapadi ether. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, zofunikira zamafakitale osiyanasiyana pazinthu zakuthupi zikuyenda bwino. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira za cellulose ether m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito, kafukufuku wamtsogolo wa cellulose ether crosslinking ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko.