mwachidule
1. Kunyowetsa ndi kubalalitsa wothandizira
2. Defoamer
3. Wonenepa
4. Zowonjezera zopanga mafilimu
5. Zina zowonjezera
Kunyowetsa ndi kubalalitsa wothandizira
Madzi opangidwa ndi madzi amagwiritsa ntchito madzi monga zosungunulira kapena zobalalitsa, ndipo madzi amakhala ndi dielectric nthawi zonse, kotero kuti zokutira zamadzi zimakhazikika makamaka ndi kukana kwa electrostatic pamene magetsi awiri osanjikiza akudutsa.
Kuonjezera apo, m'madzi opangira madzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma polima ndi ma surfactants omwe si a ionic, omwe amawathira pamwamba pa pigment filler, kupanga cholepheretsa steric ndi kukhazikika kwa kubalalitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, utoto wokhala ndi madzi ndi ma emulsions amapeza zotsatira zokhazikika kudzera mukuchitapo kanthu kwa electrostatic repulsion ndi cholepheretsa chosabala. Kuipa kwake ndikulephera kukana kwa electrolyte, makamaka kwa ma electrolyte okwera mtengo.
1.1 Wonyowetsa
Zonyowetsa zokutira zokhala ndi madzi zimagawidwa kukhala anionic ndi nonionic.
Kuphatikizika kwa chonyowetsa ndi wobalalitsa kumatha kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino. Kuchuluka kwa chonyowetsa wothandizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala ochepa pa chikwi. Zotsatira zake zoyipa ndikutulutsa thovu ndikuchepetsa kukana kwamadzi kwa filimu yokutira.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimachitika pakunyowetsa konyowetsa ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ether (APEO kapena APE) zonyowetsa, chifukwa zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mahomoni achimuna mu makoswe ndikusokoneza endocrine. Polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati emulsifiers pa emulsion polymerization.
Ma twin surfactants nawonso ndi zatsopano. Ndi mamolekyu awiri amphiphilic olumikizidwa ndi spacer. Chodziwika kwambiri cha ma surfactants a ma cell awiri ndikuti ma CMC ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa ma "cell-cell surfactants", ndikutsatiridwa ndikuchita bwino kwambiri. Monga TEGO Twin 4000, ndi mapasa a siloxane surfactant, ndipo imakhala ndi thovu losakhazikika komanso lochotsa thovu.
1.2 Wopambana
Ma dispersants a utoto wa latex amagawidwa m'magulu anayi: ma phosphate dispersants, polyacid homopolymer dispersants, polyacid copolymer dispersants ndi dispersants ena.
Ma phosphate dispersants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyphosphates, monga sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, mankhwala a BK Giulini Chemical Company ku Germany), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) ndi tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP).
Limagwirira ntchito zake ndikukhazikitsa kukana kwa electrostatic kudzera pa hydrogen bonding ndi mankhwala adsorption. Ubwino wake ndikuti mlingowo ndi wochepa, pafupifupi 0.1%, ndipo uli ndi zotsatira zabwino zobalalika pamitundu yamitundu ndi zodzaza. Koma palinso zofooka: mmodzi, pamodzi ndi kukweza pH mtengo ndi kutentha, polyphosphate mosavuta hydrolyzed, zimayambitsa yaitali yosungirako bata zoipa; Kusungunuka kosakwanira mkatikati kudzakhudza kuwala kwa utoto wonyezimira wa latex.
1 Phosphate dispersant
Phosphate ester dispersants imakhazikitsa mabala a pigment, kuphatikiza ma pigment okhazikika monga zinc oxide. M'mapangidwe a utoto wonyezimira, amawongolera gloss ndi kuyeretsa. Mosiyana ndi zina zowonjezera zonyowetsa ndi zomwaza, kuwonjezera kwa phosphate ester dispersants sikukhudza kukhuthala kwa KU ndi ICI kwa zokutira.
Polyacid homopolymer dispersant, monga Tamol 1254 ndi Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ndi homopolymer wa methacrylic acid.
Polyacid copolymer dispersant, monga Orotan 731A, yomwe ndi copolymer ya diisobutylene ndi maleic acid. Makhalidwe a mitundu iwiriyi ya dispersants ndi kuti amapanga adsorption amphamvu kapena anangula pamwamba pa inki ndi fillers, ndi yaitali maselo unyolo kupanga wosabala chotchinga, ndi kusungunuka madzi pa unyolo malekezero, ndipo ena akuwonjezeredwa ndi electrostatic repulsion kuti. kupeza zotsatira zokhazikika. Kuti dispersant akhale ndi dispersibility wabwino, kulemera kwa maselo kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Ngati kulemera kwa mamolekyu kuli kochepa kwambiri, padzakhala cholepheretsa chosakwanira; ngati kulemera kwa mamolekyu kuli kwakukulu, flocculation idzachitika. Kwa polyacrylate dispersants, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zobalalika zitha kukwaniritsidwa ngati digiri ya polymerization ndi 12-18.
Mitundu ina ya dispersants, monga AMP-95, ili ndi dzina la mankhwala la 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Gulu la amino limadyedwa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo gulu la hydroxyl limafikira m'madzi, lomwe limagwira ntchito yokhazikika mwa kulepheretsa steric. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa, cholepheretsa steric ndi chochepa. AMP-95 makamaka ndi pH regulator.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wa dispersants wagonjetsa vuto la flocculation chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo, ndipo kukula kwa kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu maselo kulemera dispersant EFKA-4580 opangidwa ndi emulsion polymerization ndi mwapadera kwa zokutira madzi ofotokoza mafakitale, oyenera organic ndi inorganic pigment kubalalitsidwa, ndipo ali wabwino kukana madzi.
Magulu a amino ali ndi mgwirizano wabwino wamitundu yambiri kudzera mu acid-base kapena hydrogen bonding. The block copolymer dispersant ndi aminoacrylic acid monga gulu loyikira lalandilidwa.
2 Dispersant ndi dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate ngati gulu loyikira
Chowonjezera cha Tego Dispers 655 chonyowetsa ndi chobalalitsa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto wamagalimoto oyenda m'madzi osati kuwongolera utoto komanso kuletsa ufa wa aluminiyumu kuti usachite ndi madzi.
Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, zonyowetsa ndi zobalalitsa zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi zachilengedwe zapangidwa, monga EnviroGem AE mndandanda wama twin-cell wetting ndi obalalitsa, omwe ndi onyowetsa thobvu pang'ono ndi obalalitsa.
Defoamer
Pali mitundu yambiri yamankhwala opaka utoto opangidwa ndi madzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: otsitsa mafuta amchere, ma polysiloxane defoamers ndi ena otsitsa.
Mafuta a mineral defoam amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka mu utoto wosalala komanso wowoneka bwino wa latex.
Ma polysiloxane defoamers amakhala ndi kupsinjika pang'ono pamwamba, kutulutsa mphamvu kwamphamvu komanso antifoaming, ndipo samakhudza gloss, koma akagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, amayambitsa zolakwika monga kuchepa kwa filimu yokutira komanso kusakhazikika bwino.
Ma defoams opangidwa ndi madzi achikhalidwe samagwirizana ndi gawo lamadzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chofowoka, kotero ndizosavuta kutulutsa zolakwika zapamtunda mufilimu yopaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zida zochepetsera mamolekyu zapangidwa.
Izi antifoaming wothandizira ndi polima wopangidwa ndi mwachindunji Ankalumikiza antifoaming yogwira zinthu pa chonyamulira mankhwala. Unyolo wa ma cell a polima uli ndi gulu lonyowa la hydroxyl, chinthu chotulutsa mpweya chimagawidwa mozungulira molekyulu, chinthu chogwira sichosavuta kuphatikiza, komanso kuyanjana ndi dongosolo lopaka utoto ndilabwino. Ma defoamers amtundu woterewa amaphatikizapo mafuta amchere - FoamStar A10 mndandanda, wokhala ndi silicon - FoamStar A30 mndandanda, ndi ma polima osakhala a silicon, osakhala amafuta - mndandanda wa FoamStar MF.
Defoamer yamulingo wa mamolekyuwa imagwiritsa ntchito polima ya nyenyezi yokulirapo ngati cholumikizira chosagwirizana ndipo yapeza zotsatira zabwino pakuyika kwamadzi. The Air Products grade defoamer yolembedwa ndi Stout et al. ndi acetylene glycol-based foam control agent ndi defoamer yokhala ndi zonyowetsa zonse, monga Surfynol MD 20 ndi Surfynol DF 37.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zopangira zokutira zero-VOC, palinso zochotsa zopanda VOC, monga Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, ndi zina zambiri.
thickener
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zokhuthala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pano ndi cellulose ether ndi zotumphukira zake zokhuthala, associative alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE) ndi polyurethane thickeners (HEUR).
3.1. Cellulose ether ndi zotumphukira zake
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)idapangidwa koyamba m'mafakitale ndi Union Carbide Company mu 1932, ndipo ili ndi mbiri yazaka zopitilira 70.
Pakadali pano, makulidwe a cellulose ether ndi zotuluka zake makamaka ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base cellulose (MHPC), methyl cellulose (MC) ndi xanthan gum. etc., awa si-ionic thickeners, komanso ndi sanali okhudzana madzi gawo thickeners. Pakati pawo, HEC ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu utoto wa latex.
3.2 Chowonjezera cha alkali
Zonenepa zokhala ndi alkali zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zonenepa za alkali-swellable non-associative (ASE) ndi zowonjezera alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE), zomwe ndi zonenepa za anionic. Non-associated ASE ndi polyacrylate alkali kutupa emulsion.
3.3. Polyurethane thickener ndi hydrophobically kusinthidwa sanali polyurethane thickener
Polyurethane thickener, yotchedwa HEUR, ndi gulu la hydrophobic-modified ethoxylated polyurethane water-soluble polima, lomwe ndi la non-ionic associative thickener.
HEUR imapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: gulu la hydrophobic, hydrophilic chain ndi gulu la polyurethane.
Gulu la hydrophobic limagwira ntchito yolumikizana ndipo ndilomwe limapangitsa kuti makulidwe, nthawi zambiri oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, etc.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa kulowetsa magulu a hydrophobic kumapeto kwa ma HEUR ena omwe amapezeka pamalonda ndi otsika kuposa 0.9, ndipo zabwino kwambiri ndi 1.7 zokha. The zinthu zinthu ayenera mosamalitsa ankalamulira kupeza polyurethane thickener ndi yopapatiza maselo kulemera kugawa ndi ntchito khola. Ma HEUR ambiri amapangidwa ndi polima pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti ma HEUR omwe amapezeka pamalonda nthawi zambiri amakhala osakanikirana a masikelo akuluakulu.
Kuphatikiza pa mizere yolumikizira polyurethane thickeners tafotokozazi, palinso chisa ngati associative polyurethane thickeners. Chomwe chimatchedwa chisa chogwirizana ndi polyurethane thickener chimatanthawuza kuti pali gulu lokhazikika la hydrophobic pakati pa molekyulu iliyonse ya thickener. thickeners monga SCT-200 ndi SCT-275 etc.
Powonjezera kuchuluka kwamagulu a hydrophobic, pali magulu awiri okha omwe ali ndi hydrophobic, kotero kuti hydrophobically modified amino thickener sizosiyana kwambiri ndi HEUR, monga Optiflo H 500, onani Chithunzi 3.
Ngati magulu ambiri a hydrophobic akuwonjezedwa, monga mpaka 8%, momwe zinthu zimachitikira zimatha kusinthidwa kuti zipange amino thickeners okhala ndi magulu angapo otsekedwa a hydrophobic. Zoonadi, ichinso ndi chisa cha thickener.
Izi za hydrophobic zosinthidwa amino thickener zimatha kuletsa kukhuthala kwa utoto kuti zisagwe chifukwa chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma surfactants ndi zosungunulira za glycol pamene kufananiza kwamitundu kumawonjezeredwa. Chifukwa chake ndikuti magulu amphamvu a hydrophobic amatha kuletsa kutayika, ndipo magulu angapo a hydrophobic amakhala ndi mayanjano amphamvu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-26-2022