chidule
1. Kunyowa ndi kubalalika
2. Decomer
3. Thupi
4. Zowonjezera-zowonjezera
5. Zowonjezera zina
Kunyowetsa ndi kubalalika
Zovala zozikidwa m'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati zosungunulira kapena kufalitsa pakati, ndipo madzi ali ndi dinect wamkulu, motero zokutira zamadzi zimakhazikika ndi ma electrostatic osuta magetsi ophatikizika.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu dongosolo lolumikizidwa ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma poizoni komanso osagwirizana ndi ionic okonda kwambiri, omwe amawaletsa kwambiri pakhungu. Chifukwa chake, ubowo wozikidwa m'madzi ndi ma emulsions amapeza zotsatira zokhazikika kudzera mu gawo lolumikizana la electrostatic yoletsedwa komanso kulepheretsa. Zovuta zake ndi zovuta zamagetsi osauka a electrolyte, makamaka ma electrolyte oletsa kwambiri.
1.1 Mtumiki
Zonyowa othandizira opangira madzi amagawidwa mu anionic ndi osagwirizana.
Kuphatikiza kwa othandizira othandizira ndi kufatsa kungakwaniritse zotsatira zabwino. Kuchuluka kwa wothandizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala ochepa pafupifupi chikwi. Zoipa zake zimakhala pachiwopsezo ndikuchepetsa madzi kukana filimu.
Chimodzi mwazochita chitukuko cha mankhwala onyowa ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono polyoxyathylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ethel ether ethel ether ether ether ether ethel ether (chifukwa zimayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mahomoni amtundu wa misonkho ndikusokoneza endocrine. Polyoxyafethylene alkyl (Benzene) phenol azungu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ma emulsifeers pa emulsion polymerization.
Twen orfactont ndinso zochitika zatsopano. Ndi mamolekyu awiri amtundu wa amphilic olumikizidwa ndi spacer. Chigawo chodziwika bwino cha mapasa am'madzi ndichakuti michenje yovuta kwambiri (cmc) ndi yopanda dongosolo la ufa wotsika kuposa wa "mlengu-cell", kutsatiridwa ndi bwino. Monga Twin Twin 4000, ndi cell cell Sidoxane Surtictictur, ndipo ali ndi chithovu chosasankhidwa ndi chosokoneza.
1.2 wobalalitsa
Omwe amapaka utoto wa latx wagawika m'magulu anayi: Phusphate Stute Overturents Sdipermers, polyacid Coplemers osabala komanso ena obalalika.
Omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri phosphate omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyphosphate, monga sodium hexametaphsphate (Calgonium Polymoshate (Ktppo)
Makina ogwirira ntchito ake ndi kukhazikika pakompyuta Kunyandira kwa hydrogen ndi mankhwala adsorption. Ubwino wake ndikuti Mlingo wake ndi wotsika, pafupifupi 0,1%, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yobalalitsa pa utoto wazomwe ndi mafilimu. Komanso pali zoperewera: imodzi yomwe imakuledzera ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa pH ndi kutentha, polyroshate imasungunuka mosavuta, imayambitsa kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali; Kufalikira kosakwanira kwa pakatikati kungakhudze penti yamphesa yamphesa.
1 phosphate wobalalika
ESphate ESphate Okhazikika Kukhazikika Kubalalika kwamitundu, kuphatikizapo utoto wotere ngati zinc oxide. M'mawonekedwe a utoto wa utoto, umakhala bwino. Mosiyana ndi kunyowa kwina komanso kubalalitsa zowonjezera, kuphatikiza kwa Esatte Esoster Obatanira sizimakhudza mawonekedwe a Ku ndi IC.
Polycid homopolymer wobalalika, monga tamol 1254 ndi Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ndi homopolymer a methacrylic acid.
Polyicaid Copulymer Omwalira, monga arotan 731a, omwe ndi wopopera wa diisobutlene ndi ma ulsic acid. Makhalidwe a mitundu iwiriyi yazomwezi ndi kuti amatulutsa adsorption wamphamvu kapena kuluka pakhungu ndi mafayilo, ndipo ena amasungunuka madzi okhazikika, ndipo ena amasinthidwa ndi ma electrostatic podana nawo kukwaniritsa zotsatira zokhazikika. Kupangitsa kukhala wobalalitsa ali ndi obalalitsa abwino, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kulamulidwa mosamalitsa. Ngati kunenepa kwambiri ngati kunenepa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa molecular ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, yolimbika kudzachitika. Kwa polyacrytete Sturpertants, zofalitsa zabwino kwambiri zitha kupezeka ngati digiri ya polymerization ndi 12-18.
Mitundu ina ya osamwa, monga Almu-95, ali ndi dzina la mankhwala a 2-amino-2-propyl-1-propenol. Gulu la Amino limayesedwa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa, ndipo gulu la hydroxyyl limafikira madzi, omwe amadya gawo lokhazikika kudzera cholepheretsa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kulepheretsa choletsa chosatani. APARD-95 makamaka makamaka a PH Remilator.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku pa omwe amamwa nkhawa amalimbana ndi vuto lakulemera chifukwa cha kulemera kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwa kulemera kwakukulu ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimachitika. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma efka-4580 opangidwa ndi emulsion polymerization kumapangidwa mwapadera zokutira zamafuta opangidwa ndi madzi, zoyenera kupezeka kwa organic ndi informon.
Magulu a Amano ali ndi ubale wabwino kwa utoto wambiri kudzera mu asidi wa asidi kapena ophatikizika hydrogen. Chovala chotchinga chimabalalitsa ndi aminoacrylic ad monga momwe amapangira gulu la zokondera amasamala.
2 Wobalalitsa ndi Dimethylaminuthyl methacrylate ngati gulu lolingana
Kuwononga kwa Teho
Chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe, zonyowa zonyowa komanso zobalalitsa zidapangidwa, monga kunyozedwa ae serm-cell kunyowa ndi osokoneza, omwe ndi otsika onyowa.
Denomer
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zojambula zachikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi madzi, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: Mafuta a mchere, mawonekedwe a polysiloxane ndi defano ina.
Mafuta a mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka muthyathyathyathyathyathyathya.
Ma Dephums a Polysiloxane ali ndi vuto lotsika kwambiri, ndikusungunulira mwamphamvu, ndipo musakhudzenso mawu osasinthika, adzagwiritsa ntchito zilema monga kubwezeretsanso.
Zovala zamadzi zochokera ku utoto sizigwirizana ndi gawo lamadzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chodziletsa, motero ndikosavuta kutulutsa zofooka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mawonekedwe a matope a maselo a matope apangidwa.
Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi polymer wopangidwa ndi kugwirira ntchito molunjika ma antifoamaming ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonyamula. Chidziwitso cha ma polymer chili ndi gulu lonyowa la hydroxyl, chinthu chosinthika chimagawidwa mozungulira molekyulu, chinthu chogwira ntchito sichophweka kuphatikizika, komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi makina omata ndi abwino. Mafuta olerera-oterewa amaphatikizapo mafuta amchere - chitsutso mndandanda wa A10, disicon-desicon, ndi ma policon, osakhala ma poicers a Saamstar.
Debomler-scale decomer imagwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi yapamwamba kwambiri ngati yosagwirizana ndipo yakwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ophatikizika. Mpweya wa mpweya wa mpweya-wa pregiramu adanenedwa ndi stuut et al. ndi gawo la Acetylene Greycol-bycol-control ndi dentomer ndi zonse zonyowa katundu, monga ma surfynol md 20 ndi surfynol df 37.
Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira zero-vac, palinso zotchinga zopanda pake, monga Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, etc.
think
Pali mitundu yambiri ya otsatsa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma cellulose ndi otumphukira, ophatikizika a alkali-spalluble (hase) ndi polyurethane okulitsa (helyurethanene.
3.1. Cellulose ether ndi zotuluka zake
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (hec)adayamba kupanga mafakitale ndi kampani ya Union Carbide mu 1932, ndipo ali ndi mbiri yazaka zopitilira 70.
Pakadali pano, okweza ma cellulose ndi zotulukapo zake makamaka zimaphatikizapo ma hydroxethyl cellulose (mhpc), methyl hydrothyl cellulose (MC) Celrose (Mc) ndi Xanthan chingamu, etc., awa ndi okutira osakhala a ionic, komanso gawo la magawo osagwirizana ndi madzi osagwirizana. Pakati pawo, HeC ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu utoto wa latex.
3.2 Alkali-Sweclele
Maluwa owuma alkali-swalleb agawidwa m'magulu awiri: osagwirizana ndi alkali-spancele (ase) ndi othandizira alkali-spalluble (hase), omwe ndi owaza anyezi. Aser Osagwirizana ndi a Polyacirry alkali kutupa.
3.3. Polyurethane Thickener ndi Hydrophobhobhokelly yosinthidwa osakhala ndi polyirethane
Polurethane Thickener, amatchedwa Heur, ndi gulu la hydrophobic-losinthidwa polyrethane madzi-sungunuka polymer, womwe ndi wa Thicker yophatikizana.
Heir ali ndi gawo zitatu: gulu la hydrophobic, hydrophilic tynine ndi gulu la poureurethane.
Gulu la hydrophobic limachita mbali yoyanjana ndipo ndi chinthu chothandiza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri olerl, nthawi zambiri oyang'anira, Dodecyfyl, Nonylphenol, etc.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa magulu a hydrophobic m'malekezero onse a mandimu ena omwe ali ndi maphokoso omwe ali ndi 0,9, ndipo abwino kwambiri ali ndi 1.7 okha. Zochitikazo ziyenera kulamulidwa mwamphamvu kuti mupeze polyurethaner yotsekera ndi kuchuluka kopapatiza molemphuka ndi ntchito yokhazikika. Madzuwa ambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi polymerization wofanana, motero phokoso lomwe limapezeka pamasewera ambiri nthawi zambiri ndimamwa zolemera.
Kuphatikiza pa mzere wogwirizana ndi poldurethane okulitsa omwe adafotokozedwa pamwambapa, palinso chisa, monga kugwirizanitsa polyiretharene oba. The-yotchedwa bet ochezera polyirethane Thicker amatanthauza kuti pali gulu la kachilombo ka penderophobic pakati pa molekyulu aliyense wa Thickener. Otsatsa oterewa ngati SCT-200 ndi Sct-275 etc.
Mukawonjezera magulu abwinobwino a hydrophobic magulu a hydrophobic, pali magulu 2 okhathamitsidwa 2 okha, kotero kuti ma hydrophoffically osinthika osinthika amino Thicker siali wosiyana ndi Heur, monga Optiflo H 500, onani Chithunzi 3.
Ngati magulu a hydrophobic ambiri amawonjezeredwa, monga mpaka 8%, zomwe zimachitika zimatha kusintha kuti zitulutse ma amnophobic angapo. Zachidziwikire, izi ndi chisa chachikulu.
Ino ya Hydrophobic yosinthidwa imatha kuletsa utoto wa utoto kuti uchotse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zochulukirapo ndipo glycol solfornts pomwe zofananira zimawonjezeredwa. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti magulu amphamvu a hydrophobic amphamvu amatha kupewa kuthekera, ndipo magulu angapo hydrophobic amakhala ndi mayanjano olimba.
Post Nthawi: Dis-26-2022