Mtondo wosakanizidwa wokonzeka umagawidwa kukhala matope osakaniza ndi matope owuma molingana ndi njira yopangira. Kusakaniza konyowa kosakaniza ndi madzi kumatchedwa matope osakaniza, ndipo olimba opangidwa ndi zinthu zouma amatchedwa matope osakaniza. Pali zida zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mumatope osakaniza okonzeka. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu za simenti, zophatikizika, ndi zophatikizika zamamineral, zosakaniza ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zisinthe pulasitiki yake, kusunga madzi, komanso kusasinthasintha. Pali mitundu yambiri ya admixtures kwa matope okonzeka osakaniza, omwe amatha kugawidwa mu cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, etc. kuchokera ku mankhwala; Zitha kugawidwa mu air-entraining wothandizira, stabilizer, anti-cracking CHIKWANGWANI, Retarder, accelerator, madzi reducer, dispersant, etc.
1 Zosakaniza wamba zamatope osakaniza okonzeka
1.1 Wothandizira mpweya
The air-entraining agent ndi yogwira ntchito, ndipo mitundu wamba monga rosin resins, alkyl ndi alkyl onunkhira hydrocarbon sulfonic zidulo, etc. Pali magulu hydrophilic ndi magulu hydrophobic mu mpweya-entraining wothandizila molekyulu. Pamene mpweya wolowetsa mpweya umawonjezeredwa kumatope, gulu la hydrophilic la molekyulu yolowera mpweya imakongoletsedwa ndi tinthu tating'ono ta simenti, pomwe gulu la hydrophobic limalumikizidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya. Ndipo wogawana kugawira mu matope, kuti achedwetse oyambirira hydration ndondomeko simenti, kusintha madzi posungira ntchito matope, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kusasinthasintha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ting'onoting'ono thovu mpweya akhoza kugwira ntchito lubricating, kuonjezera pumpability ndi sprayability wa matope.
Zotsatira za mpweya-entraining wothandizila pa ntchito okonzeka osakaniza makina kupopera matope matope, kafukufuku anapeza kuti: mpweya-entraining wothandizila anayambitsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono mpweya thovu mu matope, amene bwino workability matope, kuchepetsa kukana pa kupopera ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndi kuchepetsa clogging Chochitika; Kuwonjezera kwa mpweya wopangira mpweya kumachepetsa mphamvu ya matope, ndipo kutayika kwa mphamvu ya matope kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili; Air-entraining agent imathandizira kusasinthika, 2h kusasinthika kutayika komanso kusunga madzi amatope Mlingo ndi zizindikiro zina zogwirira ntchito zimathandizira kupopera ndi kupopera kwa matope opopera amakina, komano, kumayambitsa kutayika kwa mphamvu yopondereza ndi kulumikizana. mphamvu ya matope.
Mphamvu ya zida zitatu zodziwika bwino zogulitsira mpweya pamatope osakaniza okonzeka. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti popanda kuganizira zotsatira za cellulose ether, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangira mpweya kungathe kuchepetsa kachulukidwe konyowa kwa matope okonzeka, ndi zomwe zili mumatope Kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kusasinthasintha kumawonjezeka kwambiri, pamene kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi ndi mphamvu yopondereza imachepetsedwa; ndipo kupyolera mu phunziro la kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya ntchito ya matope osakanikirana ndi cellulose ether ndi air-entraining agent, zimapezeka kuti kusinthika kwa awiriwa kuyenera kuganiziridwa pambuyo posakanikirana ndi mpweya wa mpweya ndi cellulose ether. Ether ya cellulose imatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu zina zopangira mpweya zilephereke, potero zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungidwa mumatope.
Kusakaniza kumodzi kwa mpweya-entraining wothandizila, shrinkage kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi chisakanizo cha zonsezi zimakhudza kwambiri katundu wa matope. Wang Quanlei anapeza kuti Kuwonjezera mpweya-entraining wothandizila kumawonjezera shrinkage mlingo wa matope, ndi Kuwonjezera shrinkage kuchepetsa wothandizila kwambiri amachepetsa shrinkage mlingo wa matope. Onsewa amatha kuchedwetsa kung'ambika kwa mphete yamatope. Ziwirizo zikasakanizidwa, kuchuluka kwa matope kwa matope sikumasintha kwambiri, ndipo kukana kwa ming'alu kumawonjezeka.
1.2 Redispersible latex ufa
Redispersible latex ufa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lamakono la ufa wowuma wowuma. Ndi madzi sungunuka organic polima opangidwa ndi mkulu-maselo polima emulsion kudzera kutentha ndi kuthamanga, kutsitsi kuyanika, mankhwala pamwamba ndi njira zina. Roger amakhulupirira kuti emulsion wopangidwa ndi zongowonjezwdwa latex ufa mu matope simenti kupanga polima filimu dongosolo mkati matope, amene angathe kusintha luso la simenti matope kukana kuwonongeka.
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa kagwiritsidwe ka ufa wa latex wopangidwanso mumatope a simenti zikuwonetsa kuti ufa wa latex wopangidwanso ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kulimba ndi kulimba kwa zinthu, kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka matope osakanikirana, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera madzi. Gulu lake lidafufuza momwe machiritso amakhudzira mphamvu yamatenda amatope, ndipo adafika pamalingaliro omwewo kuti ufa wotayika wa latex umapangitsa kuti matopewo awonekere ku chilengedwe chosagwirizana ndi kutentha ndi kusintha kwa chinyezi. Tinagwiritsira ntchito XCT kuti tiphunzire zotsatira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ufa wa rabara mumatope osinthidwa pamapangidwe a pore, ndipo tinkakhulupirira kuti poyerekeza ndi matope wamba, chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi kuchuluka kwa mabowo mumatope osinthidwa anali aakulu.
Makalasi osiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa rabara wosinthidwa adasankhidwa kuti ayese chikoka chawo pakuchita matope opanda madzi. Zotsatira zafukufuku zinasonyeza kuti pamene kuchuluka kwa ufa wa rabara wosinthidwa kunali pakati pa 1.0% mpaka 1.5%, machitidwe a magulu osiyanasiyana a ufa wa rabara anali oyenerera. . Pambuyo pa redispersible latex ufa wawonjezedwa ku simenti, kuchuluka kwa hydration kwa simenti kumachepetsa, filimu ya polima imakutira tinthu tating'ono ta simenti, simentiyo imakhala ndi hydrated, ndipo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku, apeza kuti kusakaniza redispersible latex ufa mu matope simenti akhoza kuchepetsa madzi, ndi latex ufa ndi simenti akhoza kupanga dongosolo maukonde kumapangitsanso chomangira mphamvu ya matope, kuchepetsa voids matope, ndi kusintha ntchito matope.
Kusintha kwa redispersible latex ufa pamtundu wa dothi la simenti lapamwamba kwambiri. Pakufufuza, chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha laimu-mchenga ndi 1:2.5, kusasinthasintha ndi (70±5) mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ufa wa rabara kumasankhidwa ngati 0-3% ya unyinji wa mchenga wa laimu, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a matope osinthidwa pamasiku 28 adawunikidwa ndi SEM, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex wopangidwanso, kumapitilirabe filimu ya polima yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pa matope a hydration, komanso momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito. matope.
Limagwirira ntchito ya redispersible latex ufa mu EPS kutchinjiriza matope, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pambuyo kusakaniza matope simenti, ndi polima particles ndi simenti adzakhala coagulate, kupanga zosanjikizana zakhala zikuphatikizana wina ndi mzake, ndi kupanga maukonde wathunthu pa ndondomeko hydration. kapangidwe kake, potero kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zomangira zomangira komanso ntchito yomanga ya matope otsekemera otenthetsera.
1.3 Unga wokhuthala
Ntchito ya thickening ufa ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yonse ya matope. Ndi zinthu zopanda mpweya zopangira ufa zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, ma polima achilengedwe, ma surfactants ndi zida zina zapadera. Thickening ufa zikuphatikizapo redispersible latex ufa, bentonite, organic mchere ufa, madzi-kusunga thickener, etc., amene ali ena adsorption tingati pa thupi madzi mamolekyu, osati kuonjezera kugwirizana ndi kasungidwe madzi a matope, komanso kukhala bwino ngakhale ndi simenti zosiyanasiyana. Kugwirizana kungathandize kwambiri ntchito ya matope. Taphunzira zotsatira za HJ-C2 unakhuthala ufa pa katundu wowuma wothira matope wamba, ndipo zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti unakhuthala ufa alibe mphamvu pang'ono pa kugwirizana ndi 28d compressive mphamvu ya youma-osakaniza matope wamba, ndipo ali ndi zabwino. zotsatira pa mlingo wosanjikiza wa matope kusintha zotsatira. Chikoka cha thickening ufa ndi zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu pa thupi ndi makina zolozera ndi durability wa matope mwatsopano osiyana Mlingo. Zotsatira zafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kugwira ntchito kwa matope atsopano kwakhala bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonjezera ufa wa thickening. Kuphatikizika kwa redispersible latex ufa kumapangitsa kuti matope azitha kusinthasintha komanso kumachepetsa mphamvu yopondereza ya matope, komanso kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether ndi zinthu zamchere zamchere kumachepetsa mphamvu yopondereza komanso yosinthika yamatope; Kukhazikika kwa matope osakaniza owuma kwakhudzidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchepa kwa matope. Zotsatira za kuphatikizika kwa bentonite ndi mapadi efa pa ntchito zizindikiro za matope okonzeka osakaniza, pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kuonetsetsa zabwino matope ntchito, izo anaganiza kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa bentonite ndi za 10kg/m3, ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mapadi efa. ndi zomatira 0.05% ya kuchuluka kwa zida zonse za simenti. Mu gawo ili, ufa wokhuthala wosakanikirana ndi ziwirizi umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito yonse ya matope.
1.4 Selulosi Ether
Cellulose ether idachokera ku tanthauzo la makoma a cell cell ndi mlimi waku France Anselme Payon m'ma 1830s. Amapangidwa ndikuchitapo kanthu pa cellulose kuchokera ku nkhuni ndi thonje ndi caustic koloko, kenako ndikuwonjezera etherification agent for chemical reaction. Chifukwa cellulose ether imakhala ndi madzi abwino osungira komanso kukhuthala, kuwonjezera kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka cellulose ether ku simenti kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a matope osakanikirana atsopano. Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti, mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya cellulose ether imaphatikizapo methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether ndi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kwambiri. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) imakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pamadzimadzi, kusungika kwa madzi komanso kulimba kwa matope odziyimira pawokha. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti cellulose ether imatha kusintha kwambiri kusungidwa kwamadzi mumatope, kuchepetsa kusasinthika kwa matope, komanso kuchita bwino pakuchepetsa; pamene kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether kuli pakati pa 0.02% ndi 0.04%, mphamvu ya matope imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Xu Fenlian adakambirana za mphamvu ya hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether pakuchita matope okonzeka osakanikirana pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti cellulose ether imagwira ntchito yolimbitsa mpweya ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kusungidwa kwa madzi ake kumachepetsa stratification ya matope ndikutalikitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matope. Ndi chowonjezera chakunja chomwe chingathe kusintha bwino ntchito ya matope. Pakafukufuku, zidapezekanso kuti zomwe zili mu cellulose ether siziyenera kukhala zochulukirapo, apo ayi zitha kupangitsa kuti mpweya wa matopewo uwonjezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kachulukidwe, kutaya mphamvu komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu. kukhudza ubwino wa matope. Zotsatira za cellulose ether pa katundu wa matope okonzeka osakaniza. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether kungathandize kwambiri kusunga madzi a matope, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera madzi pamatope. Ether ya cellulose imathanso kupanga chisakanizo cha matope Kuchepetsa kachulukidwe, nthawi yayitali yokhazikitsira, kuchepetsedwa kusinthasintha komanso kukakamiza. Cellulose ether ndi starch ether ndi mitundu iwiri ya zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga matope. Zotsatira za awiriwa osakanikirana mumatope osakaniza owuma pa ntchito ya matope. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa ziwirizi kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri mphamvu ya mgwirizano wamatope.
Akatswiri ambiri aphunzira mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa mphamvu ya matope a simenti, koma chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cellulose ether, magawo a maselo amakhalanso osiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa matope a simenti osinthidwa. Zotsatira za mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi mlingo wa mapadi efa pa makina zimatha simenti slurry. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya simenti matope kusinthidwa ndi mapadi efa ndi mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi otsika, ndi compressive mphamvu ya simenti slurry amasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwambiri mlingo wa mapadi ether. Chizoloŵezi chochepa ndipo potsirizira pake chikhazikike, pamene mphamvu yosunthika imasonyeza kusintha kwa kuwonjezereka, kuchepa, kukhazikika komanso kuwonjezeka pang'ono.
2 Epilogue
(1) Kafukufuku wa admixtures akadali ochepa pa kafukufuku woyesera, ndipo chikoka pa ntchito ya zipangizo zopangira simenti sichikhala ndi chithandizo chakuya chadongosolo lachidziwitso. Palinso kusowa kwa kusanthula kwachulukidwe kwa zotsatira za kuwonjezera kwa zosakaniza pamapangidwe a maselo a simenti, kusintha kwa mphamvu yolumikizira mawonekedwe, ndi njira ya hydration.
(2) Zotsatira za kusakaniza ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mu ntchito yaumisiri. Pakalipano, kusanthula zambiri kumangokhala kusanthula kwa labotale. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makoma a khoma, roughness pamwamba, mayamwidwe madzi, etc. ndi zofunika zosiyana pa zizindikiro za thupi la matope okonzeka osakaniza. Nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mphepo, mphamvu zamakina ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi zina zonse zimakhudza mwachindunji matope osakanizidwa kale. Zotsatira za kusakaniza matope. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino uinjiniya, matope osakanizidwa bwino ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana komanso makonda, ndipo kasinthidwe ka mzere wopanga ndi zofunikira zabizinesi ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino, ndikutsimikizira kupanga kwa labotale kuyenera kuchitidwa. kunja, kuti mukwaniritse kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-22-2022