Chidule:Cellulose ether ndiye chowonjezera chachikulu mumatope osakaniza okonzeka. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a cellulose ether amayambitsidwa, ndipo hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) amasankhidwa ngati chowonjezera kuti aphunzire mwadongosolo kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatope. . Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti: HPMC ikhoza kusintha kwambiri kusunga madzi kwa matope, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera madzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imatha kuchepetsanso kuchulukana kwa matope osakaniza, kutalikitsa nthawi yoyika matope, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu yosinthasintha komanso yopondereza ya matope.
Mawu ofunikira:matope okonzeka osakaniza; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC); ntchito
0.Mawu Oyamba
Tondo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ya zinthu komanso kuwongolera zofunikira za anthu pakumanga bwino, matope ayamba pang'onopang'ono kupita ku malonda monga kulimbikitsa ndi chitukuko cha konkire yosakaniza. Poyerekeza ndi matope okonzedwa ndi luso lamakono, matope opangidwa ndi malonda ali ndi ubwino wambiri woonekeratu: (a) khalidwe lapamwamba; (b) kupanga bwino kwambiri; (c) Kuwonongeka kochepa kwa chilengedwe komanso koyenera kumanga mwachitukuko. Pakadali pano, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing ndi mizinda ina ku China alimbikitsa matope osakanikirana, ndipo miyezo yoyenera yamakampani ndi miyezo yadziko yaperekedwa kapena iperekedwa posachedwa.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kapangidwe kake, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matope osakaniza okonzeka ndi matope achikhalidwe ndikuwonjezera kwa mankhwala ophatikizika, omwe ma cellulose ether ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Cellulose ether nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira madzi. Cholinga chake ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a matope osakaniza okonzeka. Kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether ndi kochepa, koma kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya matope. Ndizowonjezera zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yomanga matope. Choncho, kumvetsetsanso za zotsatira za mitundu ndi maonekedwe a mapangidwe a cellulose ether pa ntchito ya matope a simenti kudzakuthandizani kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ether cellulose molondola ndikuonetsetsa kuti matope akugwira ntchito mokhazikika.
1. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a ma cellulose ethers
Ma cellulose ether ndi zinthu zosungunuka za polima zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe kudzera pakusungunuka kwa alkali, kulumikiza (etherification), kutsuka, kuyanika, kugaya ndi njira zina. Ma cellulose ether amagawidwa mu ionic ndi nonionic, ndipo cellulose ya ionic imakhala ndi mchere wa carboxymethyl cellulose. Nonionic cellulose imaphatikizapo hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, methyl cellulose ether ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa ionic cellulose ether (carboxymethyl cellulose salt) imakhala yosakhazikika pamaso pa ayoni a calcium, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri muzinthu za ufa wouma ndi simenti, laimu wa slaked ndi zipangizo zina zopangira simenti. Ma cellulose ethers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope owuma a ufa ndi makamaka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), yomwe imakhala yoposa 90% ya msika.
HPMC imapangidwa ndi etherification reaction ya cellulose alkali activation chithandizo ndi etherification wothandizira methyl chloride ndi propylene oxide. Mu etherification reaction, gulu la hydroxyl pa cellulose molecule imalowetsedwa ndi methoxy) ndi hydroxypropyl kupanga HPMC. Chiwerengero cha magulu omwe amalowetsedwa m'malo ndi gulu la hydroxyl pa molekyulu ya cellulose amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa etherification (yomwe imatchedwanso digiri ya m'malo). Ether ya HPMC Mlingo wa kutembenuka kwa mankhwala uli pakati pa 12 ndi 15. Choncho, pali magulu ofunikira monga hydroxyl (-OH), mgwirizano wa ether (-o-) ndi mphete ya anhydroglucose mu kapangidwe ka HPMC, ndipo maguluwa ali ndi zina. kukhudza ntchito ya matope .
2. Mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa katundu wa matope a simenti
2.1 Zida zopangira mayeso
Ma cellulose ether: opangidwa ndi Luzhou Hercules Tianpu Chemical Co., Ltd., viscosity: 75000;
Simenti: Conch mtundu 32.5 kalasi composite simenti; mchenga: mchenga wapakati; ntchentche phulusa: kalasi II.
2.2 Zotsatira za mayeso
2.2.1 Kuchepetsa madzi a cellulose ether
Kuchokera ku mgwirizano pakati pa kusasinthasintha kwa matope ndi zomwe zili mu cellulose ether pansi pa chiŵerengero chosakanikirana chosakanikirana, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti kugwirizana kwa matope kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether. Pamene mlingo ndi 0,3 ‰, kugwirizana kwa matope ndi pafupifupi 50% apamwamba kuposa popanda kusakaniza, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mapadi ether akhoza kwambiri kusintha workability matope. Pamene kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether kumawonjezeka, kumwa madzi kumatha kuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti cellulose ether ili ndi mphamvu yochepetsera madzi.
2.2.2 Kusunga madzi
Kusungidwa kwamadzi mumatope kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa matope kuti asunge madzi, komanso ndi chilolezo choyezera kukhazikika kwa zigawo zamkati zamatope atsopano a simenti panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kuyimitsa magalimoto. Kusungidwa kwa madzi kungayesedwe ndi zizindikiro ziwiri: kuchuluka kwa stratification ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, koma chifukwa chowonjezera chosungira madzi, kusungirako madzi kwa matope osakaniza okonzeka kwasintha kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa stratification sikumveka mokwanira. kusonyeza kusiyana. Mayeso osungira madzi ndi kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi poyesa kusintha kwakukulu kwa pepala la fyuluta isanayambe komanso itatha kukhudzana ndi pepala la fyuluta ndi malo otchulidwa matope mkati mwa nthawi inayake. Chifukwa cha kuyamwa bwino kwamadzi kwa pepala la fyuluta, ngakhale kusungirako madzi kwa matope kuli kwakukulu, pepala la fyuluta limathabe kuyamwa chinyezi mumatope, kotero. Kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kungawonetsere bwino kusungidwa kwa madzi mumatope, kukweza kwa madzi osungirako madzi, ndi bwino kusunga madzi.
Pali njira zambiri zamaluso zosinthira kusungidwa kwamadzi mumatope, koma kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. Mapangidwe a cellulose ether amakhala ndi ma hydroxyl ndi ether. Ma atomu a okosijeni pamaguluwa amalumikizana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kupanga ma hydrogen bond. Pangani mamolekyu amadzi aulere kukhala madzi omangika, kuti agwire ntchito yabwino pakusunga madzi. Kuchokera paubwenzi pakati pa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope ndi zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti mkati mwazomwe zimayesedwa, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope ndi zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zimasonyeza mgwirizano wabwino wogwirizana. Kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether, kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira. .
2.2.3 Kuchulukana kwa matope osakaniza
Tingaone kuchokera kusintha lamulo la kachulukidwe matope osakaniza ndi zili cellulose efa kuti kachulukidwe matope osakaniza pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka zili mapadi efa, ndi chonyowa kachulukidwe matope pamene zili. ndi 0.3‰o Yatsika ndi pafupifupi 17% (poyerekeza popanda kusakaniza). Pali zifukwa ziwiri zochepetsera kachulukidwe wamatope: chimodzi ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya cellulose ether. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi magulu a alkyl, omwe amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamadzi amadzimadzi, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya pamatope a simenti, kupangitsa kuti mpweya wa matopewo uwonjezeke, komanso kulimba kwa filimuyo kumakhalanso kwakukulu kuposa pamenepo. wa thovu lamadzi oyera, ndipo sikophweka kutulutsa; Komano, cellulose ether amakula pambuyo kuyamwa madzi ndi kutenga buku linalake, amene ali ofanana ndi kuonjezera pores mkati matope, kotero kumapangitsa matope kusakaniza Kachulukidwe madontho.
Mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya cellulose ether imapangitsa kuti matope azitha kugwira ntchito mbali imodzi, ndipo mbali inayo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a thupi lolimba amamasulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lochepa. makina katundu monga mphamvu.
2.2.4 Coagulation nthawi
Kuchokera paubwenzi wapakati pa nthawi yoyika matope ndi kuchuluka kwa ether, zikhoza kuwoneka bwino kuti cellulose ether imakhala ndi zotsatira zowonongeka pamatope. Kuchuluka kwa mlingo, m'pamenenso kuchedwetsa kukuwonekera.
Kuchedwetsa kwa cellulose ether kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ma cellulose ether amakhalabe ndi kapangidwe ka cellulose, ndiko kunena kuti, mawonekedwe a mphete ya anhydroglucose akadalipo mu cellulose ether, ndipo mphete ya anhydroglucose ndiyomwe imayambitsa Gulu lalikulu la simenti yocheperako, yomwe imatha kupanga ma cell a shuga-calcium. mankhwala (kapena ma complexes) okhala ndi ayoni a calcium mu simenti ya hydration aqueous solution, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa calcium mu nthawi ya simenti ya hydration ndikulepheretsa Ca(OH): Ndi mapangidwe a krustalo mchere wa calcium, mpweya, ndi kuchedwetsa ntchito ya simenti.
2.2.5 Mphamvu
Kuchokera ku chikoka cha cellulose ether pa flexural ndi compressive mphamvu ya matope, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, 7-day ndi 28-day flexural and compressive strength of mortar onse amasonyeza kutsika.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamatope chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya, zomwe zimawonjezera porosity ya matope owuma ndikupangitsa kuti mkati mwa thupi lolimba likhale lotayirira. Kupyolera mu kusanthula kachulukidwe kachulukidwe konyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya matope, zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa ziwirizi, kachulukidwe kamadzi kamakhala kochepa, mphamvu ndi yotsika, ndipo mosiyana, mphamvuyo ndi yayikulu. Huang Liangen adagwiritsa ntchito ubale wa equation pakati pa porosity ndi mphamvu zamakina zotengedwa ndi Ryskewith kuti adziwe kugwirizana pakati pa mphamvu yopondereza yamatope osakanikirana ndi cellulose ether ndi zomwe zili mu cellulose ether.
3. Mapeto
(1) Cellulose ether ndi chochokera ku cellulose, yokhala ndi hydroxyl,
Zomangira za Ether, mphete za anhydroglucose ndi magulu ena, maguluwa amakhudza thupi ndi makina amatope.
(2) HPMC imatha kusintha kwambiri kusungidwa kwamadzi kwa matope, kutalikitsa nthawi yoyika matope, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope osakaniza ndi mphamvu ya thupi lolimba.
(3) Pokonza matope osakanikirana, cellulose ether iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Konzani mgwirizano wotsutsana pakati pa magwiridwe antchito amatope ndi makina amakina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-20-2023