Cellulose ether, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope. Monga mtundu wa cellulose etherified,cellulose etherali ndi kuyanjana kwa madzi, ndipo polima pawiri uyu ali kwambiri mayamwidwe madzi ndi madzi posungira mphamvu, amene angathe bwino kuthetsa magazi matope, yochepa opareshoni nthawi, kukakamira, etc. Kusakwanira mfundo mfundo ndi mavuto ena ambiri.
Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chamakampani omanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukula kosalekeza kwa kafukufuku wa zida zomangira, kugulitsa matope kwakhala njira yosatsutsika. Chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri zomwe matope achikhalidwe alibe, kugwiritsa ntchito matope amalonda kwafala kwambiri m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi yapakati m'dziko langa. Komabe, matope amalonda akadali ndi zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo.
Mtondo waukulu wamadzimadzi, monga matope owonjezera, zida zopangira simenti, ndi zina zambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ochepetsera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimayambitsa kukha mwazi kwambiri ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito amatope; Ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchepa kwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutaya madzi mu nthawi yochepa mutatha kusakaniza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yochepa kwambiri; kuonjezera apo, kwa matope omangika, ngati matope ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira zosungira madzi, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumatengedwa ndi masanjidwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa madzi kwa matope omangira, motero kusakwanira kwamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu. kuchepa kwa mphamvu yogwirizana.
Komanso, admixtures monga m'malo tsankho simenti, monga ntchentche phulusa, granulated kuphulika ng'anjo slag ufa (mineral ufa), silika fume, etc., tsopano zofunika kwambiri. Monga zopangidwa ndi mafakitale ndi zinyalala, ngati kusakaniza sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, kudzikundikira kwake kumatenga ndikuwononga malo ambiri, ndikuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe. Ngati ma admixtures agwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, amatha kusintha zinthu zina za konkriti ndi matope, ndikuthetsa mavuto a uinjiniya wa konkriti ndi matope pazinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zosakaniza kumapindulitsa chilengedwe komanso phindu lamakampani.
Maphunziro ambiri achitidwa kunyumba ndi kunja pa zotsatira za cellulose ether ndi admixtures pa matope, koma akadali kusowa kukambirana pa zotsatira za ntchito ophatikizana awiri.
Mu pepalali, zofunika admixtures mu matope, mapadi efa ndi admixture ntchito mu matope, ndi mabuku chikoka lamulo la zigawo ziwiri mu matope pa fluidity ndi mphamvu ya matope ndi mwachidule mwa zoyesera. Posintha mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether ndi admixtures mu mayeso, chikoka pa fluidity ndi mphamvu ya matope ankaona (mu pepala, mayeso gelling dongosolo makamaka utenga dongosolo bayinare). Poyerekeza ndi HPMC, CMC siyoyenera kukhuthala komanso kusunga madzi pazida zopangira simenti. HPMC ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri madzi a slurry ndikuwonjezera kutayika pakapita nthawi pa mlingo wochepa (pansi pa 0.2%). Chepetsani mphamvu ya thupi lamatope ndikuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa compression-to-fold ratio. Zofunikira za fluidity ndi mphamvu, zomwe zili mu HPMC mu O. 1% ndizoyenera kwambiri. Pankhani ya admixtures, ntchentche phulusa ndi zotsatira zina kuwonjezera fluidity wa slurry, ndi chikoka cha slag ufa si zoonekeratu. Ngakhale utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa magazi, madziwa amatha kutayika kwambiri pamene mlingo uli 3%. . Pambuyo poganizira mozama, zimaganiziridwa kuti phulusa la ntchentche likagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa kapena kulimbikitsana ndi zofunikira za kuuma mofulumira komanso mphamvu zoyamba, mlingo suyenera kukhala wochuluka kwambiri, mlingo waukulu ndi pafupifupi 10%, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwirizanitsa. matope, amawonjezeredwa ku 20%. ‰ angathenso kukwaniritsa zofunikira; poganizira zinthu monga kusakhazikika kwa voliyumu ya mchere wa ufa ndi silika fume, ziyenera kulamulidwa pansipa 10% ndi 3% motsatana. Zotsatira za ma admixtures ndi cellulose ethers sizinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndipo zinali ndi zotsatira zodziimira.
Kuonjezera apo, ponena za chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret ndi coefficient ya ntchito ya admixtures, pepala ili likupereka njira yatsopano yolosera za mphamvu yopondereza ya zipangizo zopangira simenti. Pokambirana za coefficient ntchito ya mchere admixtures ndi Feret mphamvu chiphunzitso kuchokera voliyumu kaonedwe ndi kunyalanyaza kugwirizana pakati pa admixtures osiyana, njira imeneyi amamaliza kuti admixtures, kumwa madzi ndi akaphatikiza zikuchokera zambiri zisonkhezero pa konkire. Lamulo lachikoka la (matope) mphamvu lili ndi mayendedwe abwino.
Kupyolera mu ntchito yomwe ili pamwambayi, pepalali limapereka mfundo zina zamaganizo ndi zothandiza zomwe zili ndi phindu linalake.
Mawu osakira: cellulose ether,matope fluidity, workability, mineral admixture, mphamvu kulosera
Mutu 1 Mau oyamba
1.1matope azinthu
1.1.1Kuyambitsa matope amalonda
Mu dziko langa zomangira makampani, konkire akwaniritsa digiri mkulu wa malonda, ndi malonda a matope amakhalanso apamwamba ndi apamwamba, makamaka matope osiyanasiyana apadera, opanga ndi luso apamwamba luso chofunika kuonetsetsa matope osiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito ndizoyenerera. Mtondo wamalonda umagawidwa m'magulu awiri: matope osakaniza okonzeka ndi matope owuma. Mtondo wokonzedwa bwino umatanthawuza kuti matope amatengedwa kupita kumalo omanga atasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndi wogulitsa pasadakhale malinga ndi zofunikira za polojekitiyi, pamene matope osakaniza owuma amapangidwa ndi wopanga matope ndi kusakaniza kowuma ndi kuyika zipangizo za simenti, aggregates ndi zowonjezera malinga ndi chiŵerengero china. Onjezerani madzi enaake kumalo omanga ndikusakaniza musanagwiritse ntchito.
Dothi lachikhalidwe lili ndi zofooka zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchita. Mwachitsanzo, kutukuka kwa zida zopangira ndi kusakaniza pamalowo sikungakwaniritse zofunikira pakumanga mwachitukuko komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chamikhalidwe yomanga pamalopo ndi zifukwa zina, ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti matope azikhala ovuta kutsimikizira, ndipo ndizosatheka kupeza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. matope. Poyerekeza ndi matope achikhalidwe, matope amalonda ali ndi ubwino wake woonekeratu. Choyamba, khalidwe lake ndi losavuta kulamulira ndi kutsimikizira, ntchito yake ndi yopambana, mitundu yake imayeretsedwa, ndipo imayang'ana bwino pa zofunikira zaumisiri. Mtondo wosakanizika wa ku Ulaya unapangidwa m’zaka za m’ma 1950, ndipo dziko langa nalonso likulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito matope amalonda. Shanghai yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito matope amalonda mu 2004. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha chitukuko cha mizinda ya dziko langa, makamaka pamsika wakumatauni, zidzakhala zosapeŵeka kuti matope amalonda okhala ndi ubwino wosiyanasiyana adzalowa m'malo mwa matope achikhalidwe.
1.1.2Mavuto omwe alipo mumtondo wamalonda
Ngakhale matope amalonda ali ndi maubwino ambiri kuposa matope achikhalidwe, pali zovuta zambiri zamaukadaulo ngati matope. Mtondo wapamwamba kwambiri, monga matope olimbikitsira, zida zopangira simenti, ndi zina zambiri, zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pamphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito ma superplasticizer ndi kwakukulu, komwe kungayambitse magazi ambiri komanso kukhudza matope. Comprehensive ntchito; ndi matope ena apulasitiki, chifukwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutayika kwa madzi, n'zosavuta kukhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutaya madzi pakapita nthawi yochepa mutatha kusakaniza, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yochepa kwambiri: , chifukwa Pankhani ya matope omangirira, matrix omangira nthawi zambiri amakhala owuma. Panthawi yomanga, chifukwa cha matope osakwanira kuti asunge madzi, madzi ambiri amatengedwa ndi matrix, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi a m'deralo awonongeke ndi matope omangira komanso kusakwanira kwamadzimadzi. Chodabwitsa kuti mphamvu imachepa ndipo mphamvu yomatira imachepa.
Poyankha mafunso omwe ali pamwambawa, chowonjezera chofunikira, cellulose ether, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope. Monga mtundu wa mapadi etherified, mapadi ether ndi kuyanjana kwa madzi, ndi polima pawiri ali kwambiri mayamwidwe madzi ndi madzi posungira mphamvu, amene angathe bwino kuthetsa magazi matope, yochepa ntchito nthawi, kukakamira, etc. osakwanira mfundo mfundo ndi zina zambiri. mavuto.
Komanso, admixtures monga m'malo tsankho simenti, monga ntchentche phulusa, granulated kuphulika ng'anjo slag ufa (mineral ufa), silika fume, etc., tsopano zofunika kwambiri. Tikudziwa kuti zosakaniza zambiri ndi zopangidwa ndi mafakitale monga mphamvu yamagetsi, chitsulo chosungunula, smelting ferrosilicon ndi silicon mafakitale. Ngati sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kusonkhanitsa zosakaniza kudzakhala ndikuwononga malo ambiri ndikuwononga kwambiri. kuwononga chilengedwe. Kumbali ina, ngati zosakaniza zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zina za konkire ndi matope zimatha kusintha, ndipo mavuto ena a uinjiniya pakugwiritsa ntchito konkire ndi matope amatha kuthetsedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zosakaniza kumapindulitsa chilengedwe ndi mafakitale. ndi zopindulitsa.
1.2Ma cellulose ethers
Ma cellulose ether (ma cellulose ether) ndi polima pawiri yokhala ndi ether yopangidwa ndi etherification ya cellulose. Aliyense glucosyl mphete mu mapadi macromolecules lili magulu atatu hydroxyl, chachikulu hydroxyl gulu pa chisanu ndi chimodzi mpweya atomu, yachiwiri hydroxyl gulu pa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu maatomu mpweya, ndi wa haidrojeni mu hydroxyl gulu m'malo ndi hydrocarbon gulu kupanga mapadi ether. zotumphukira. chinthu. Ma cellulose ndi polyhydroxy polima pawiri kuti samasungunuka kapena kusungunuka, koma mapadi amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunula njira ya alkali ndi zosungunulira organic pambuyo pa etherification, ndipo ali ndi thermoplasticity.
Ma cellulose ether amatenga mapadi achilengedwe ngati zida zopangira ndipo amakonzedwa ndikusintha kwamankhwala. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic ndi non-ionic mu mawonekedwe a ionized. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala, mafuta, zomangamanga, mankhwala, zoumba ndi mafakitale ena. .
1.2.1Magulu a cellulose ethers pomanga
Ma cellulose ether pomanga ndi liwu lodziwika bwino lazinthu zingapo zopangidwa ndi momwe alkali cellulose ndi etherifying agent pansi pazifukwa zina. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ethers ya cellulose imatha kupezeka posintha ma cellulose amchere ndi ma etherifying osiyanasiyana.
1. Malingana ndi ionization katundu wa olowa m'malo, cellulose ethers akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi non-ionic (monga methyl cellulose).
2. Malingana ndi mitundu ya zowonjezera, ma cellulose ethers amatha kugawidwa mu ethers imodzi (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ethers osakanikirana (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Malinga ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, amagawidwa m'madzi osungunuka (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent solubility (monga ethyl cellulose), etc. Mtundu waukulu wa ntchito mumatope osakaniza ndi madzi osungunuka a cellulose, pamene madzi. - sungunuka mapadi Iwo anawagawa nthawi yomweyo mtundu ndi kuchedwa kuvunda mtundu pambuyo padziko mankhwala.
1.2.2 Kufotokozera za kachitidwe ka cellulose ether mumatope
Cellulose ether ndi chophatikizira chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kusunga madzi amatope owuma, komanso ndi chimodzi mwazophatikiza zofunikira kudziwa mtengo wazinthu zamatope owuma.
1. Pambuyo pa etha ya cellulose mumatope itasungunuka m'madzi, ntchito yapadera yapamwamba imatsimikizira kuti zinthu za simenti zimabalalika bwino komanso mofananamo mu slurry system, ndi cellulose ether, monga colloid yotetezera, ikhoza "kutsekereza" tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. , filimu yopangira mafuta imapangidwira kunja, ndipo filimu yopaka mafuta imatha kupanga thupi lamatope kukhala ndi thixotropy wabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, voliyumuyo imakhala yokhazikika poyimirira, ndipo sipadzakhala zochitika zoipa monga magazi kapena stratification ya zinthu zowala ndi zolemetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala okhazikika; pamene ali m'boma losokonezeka la zomangamanga, cellulose ether idzathandiza kuchepetsa kumeta kwa slurry. Zotsatira za kukana kosinthika zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala ndi madzi abwino komanso osalala panthawi yomanga panthawi yosakaniza.
2. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a mamolekyu, njira ya cellulose ether imatha kusunga madzi komanso kuti isatayike mosavuta ikasakanizidwa mumatope, ndipo imatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi yayitali, yomwe imatalikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yamatope. ndikupatsanso matope kuti madzi azikhala bwino komanso azigwira ntchito.
1.2.3 Ma etha angapo ofunikira omanga ma cellulose
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Pambuyo pa thonje loyengedwa ndi mankhwala a alkali, methyl chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherifying agent kuti apange cellulose ether kudzera muzochita zingapo. Digiri yolowa m'malo ambiri ndi 1. Kusungunula 2.0, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi kosiyana komanso kusungunuka kumasiyananso. Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Imakonzedwa pochita ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherifying agent pamaso pa acetone pambuyo poti thonje loyengedwa limapangidwa ndi alkali. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.5 mpaka 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mitundu ya cellulose yomwe kutulutsa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake kukuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndi cellulose yopanda ionic yosakaniza ether yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje woyengedwa pambuyo pa mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride monga etherifying agents, komanso kupyolera muzotsatira zingapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.2 mpaka 2.0. Makhalidwe ake amasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa methoxyl ndi hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether imakonzedwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) pambuyo pa mankhwala amchere, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate monga etherifying agent, komanso kudzera muzochita zingapo zochiritsira. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 0.4-d. 4. Kuchita kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mlingo wa kulowetsedwa.
Pakati pawo, mtundu wachitatu ndi wachinayi ndi mitundu iwiri ya cellulose yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera.
1.2.4 Chitukuko Chikhalidwe cha Makampani a Cellulose Ether
Pambuyo pazaka zachitukuko, msika wa cellulose ether m'maiko otukuka wakula kwambiri, ndipo msika m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene udakali pachitukuko, chomwe chidzakhala chiwongolero chachikulu chakukula kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi mtsogolo. Pakali pano, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga ma cellulose ether imaposa matani 1 miliyoni, ndipo ku Europe kuli 35% yazakudya zonse padziko lonse lapansi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Asia ndi North America. Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) ndiye mtundu waukulu wa ogula, womwe umawerengera 56% ya kuchuluka, kutsatiridwa ndi methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), yomwe imawerengera 56% yonse. 25% ndi 12%. Makampani akunja a cellulose ether ndi opikisana kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuphatikizika kwambiri, zotulukazo zimangokhazikika m'makampani akuluakulu angapo, monga Dow Chemical Company ndi Hercules Company ku United States, Akzo Nobel ku Netherlands, Novian ku Finland ndi DAICEL ku Japan, ndi zina zambiri.
dziko langa ndilomwe limapanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso limagula ether ya cellulose, yomwe ikukula chaka chilichonse kuposa 20%. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyambira, pali mabizinesi pafupifupi 50 opanga ma cellulose ether ku China. Kuthekera kopanga kupanga kwamakampani a cellulose ether kwadutsa matani 400,000, ndipo pali mabizinesi pafupifupi 20 okhala ndi matani opitilira 10,000, makamaka omwe amakhala ku Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing ndi Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai ndi malo ena. Mu 2011, mphamvu yopanga CMC yaku China inali pafupifupi matani 300,000. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ma etha apamwamba a cellulose muzamankhwala, chakudya, mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwapakhomo kwazinthu zina zama cellulose ether kupatula CMC kukuchulukirachulukira. Chachikulu, mphamvu ya MC/HPMC ndi pafupifupi matani 120,000, ndipo mphamvu ya HEC ndi pafupifupi matani 20,000. PAC ikadali pagawo la kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ku China. Ndi chitukuko cha minda yayikulu yamafuta akunyanja ndikukula kwa zida zomangira, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, kuchuluka ndi gawo la PAC zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, ndikutulutsa matani opitilira 10,000.
1.3Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether mumatope
Ponena za kafukufuku wa ntchito ya uinjiniya wa cellulose ether m'makampani omanga, akatswiri apanyumba ndi akunja achita kafukufuku wambiri woyesera komanso kusanthula kwamakina.
1.3.1Chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku wakunja pakugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether mumatope
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal ndi ena ku France adanena kuti cellulose ether imakhudza kwambiri kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa matope, ndipo chizindikiro cha structural ndicho chinsinsi, ndipo kulemera kwa maselo ndiko chinsinsi chowongolera kusungirako madzi ndi kusasinthasintha. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa maselo, kupsinjika kwa zokolola kumachepa, kusinthasintha kumawonjezeka, ndipo ntchito yosungira madzi imawonjezeka; m'malo mwake, digiri ya molar m'malo (yokhudzana ndi zomwe zili mu hydroxyethyl kapena hydroxypropyl) imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakusungidwa kwamadzi kwamatope osakaniza owuma. Komabe, ma cellulose ether okhala ndi ma molar otsika olowa m'malo athandizira kusunga madzi.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yokhudza momwe madzi amasungiramo madzi ndikuti ma rheological properties a matope ndi ofunika kwambiri. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa kuti matope osakanizidwa owuma okhala ndi chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha simenti yamadzi ndi zosakaniza, ntchito yosungira madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi kusasinthasintha kwake. Komabe, kwa ena a cellulose ethers, mchitidwewu sizowonekera; Komanso, kwa wowuma ethers, pali chitsanzo chosiyana. Kukhuthala kwa kusakaniza kwatsopano sizomwe zimatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa madzi.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., mothandizidwa ndi pulsed field gradient ndi njira za MRI, adapeza kuti kusamuka kwa chinyezi pamawonekedwe amatope ndi gawo lapansi lopanda unsaturated kumakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa CE. Kutayika kwa madzi kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita za capillary osati kufalikira kwa madzi. Kusamuka kwa chinyontho ndi capillary kumayang'aniridwa ndi kuthamanga kwa micropore substrate, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa micropore ndi Laplace chiphunzitso chapakati pa nkhope, komanso kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti rheological properties za CE aqueous solution ndiye chinsinsi cha kusunga madzi. Komabe, lingaliroli limatsutsana ndi kuvomerezana kwina (zotengera zina monga polyethylene oxide yapamwamba ndi ma ethers owuma sizothandiza ngati CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. adagwiritsa ntchito efa ya cellulose kudzera muzoyeserera, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kwa 2% kunali kuchokera ku 5000 mpaka 44500mpa. S kuyambira MC ndi HEMC. Pezani:
1. Kwa chiwerengero chokhazikika cha CE, mtundu wa CE umakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa ma viscosity a matope omatira a matailosi. Izi ndichifukwa cha mpikisano pakati pa CE ndi dispersible polima ufa kwa adsorption wa particles simenti.
2. Kutsatsa kwapikisano kwa CE ndi ufa wa rabara kumakhudza kwambiri nthawi yoyika ndi spalling pamene nthawi yomanga ndi 20-30min.
3. Mphamvu ya mgwirizano imakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa CE ndi ufa wa rabara. Pamene filimu ya CE sichingalepheretse kutuluka kwa chinyezi pamawonekedwe a matailosi ndi matope, kumamatira pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kumachepa.
4. Kugwirizana ndi kuyanjana kwa CE ndi ufa wa polima wotayika kuyenera kuganiziridwa popanga gawo la matope omatira a matailosi.
Germany LschmitzC. J. Dr. H (a) cker adatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi kuti HPMC ndi HEMC mu cellulose ether ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri posungira madzi mumatope osakaniza owuma. Kuwonjezera kuonetsetsa kumatheka madzi posungira index wa mapadi ether, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthidwa Cellulose ethers ntchito kusintha ndi kusintha ntchito katundu matope ndi katundu wa youma ndi ouma matope.
1.3.2Chiyambi chachidule cha kafukufuku wapakhomo pakugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether mumatope
Xin Quanchang ku Xi'an University of Architecture ndi Technology anaphunzira chikoka cha ma polima osiyanasiyana pa katundu wina wa matope kugwirizana, ndipo anapeza kuti gulu ntchito dispersible polima ufa ndi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose etha osati kusintha ntchito ya matope matope, koma komanso akhoza Mbali ya mtengo yafupika; zotsatira zoyesa zimasonyeza kuti pamene zomwe zili mu redispersible latex ufa zimayendetsedwa pa 0.5%, ndipo zomwe zili mu hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether zimayendetsedwa pa 0.2%, matope okonzeka amatsutsana ndi kupindika. ndipo mphamvu zomangira zimakhala zodziwika bwino, ndipo zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso pulasitiki.
Pulofesa Ma Baoguo wa ku Wuhan University of Technology ananena kuti mapalo etha ali zoonekeratu retardation zotsatira, ndipo zingakhudze structural mawonekedwe a mankhwala hydration ndi pore dongosolo la slurry simenti; cellulose ether makamaka adsorbed padziko simenti particles kupanga chotchinga kwenikweni. Zimalepheretsa nucleation ndi kukula kwa hydration mankhwala; Komano, cellulose ether amalepheretsa kusamuka ndi kufalikira kwa ayoni chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwake kodziwikiratu kuchulukirachulukira, potero kuchedwetsa hydration ya simenti pamlingo wina; cellulose ether imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa alkali.
Jian Shouwei wa ku Wuhan University of Technology adatsimikiza kuti ntchito ya CE mumatope imawonekera kwambiri pazinthu zitatu: mphamvu yabwino yosungira madzi, chikoka pa kusasinthasintha kwamatope ndi thixotropy, ndi kusintha kwa rheology. CE sikuti imangopatsa matope ntchito yabwino yogwirira ntchito, komanso Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa simenti koyambirira komanso kuchedwetsa hydration kinetic ndondomeko ya simenti, ndithudi, kutengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito matope, palinso kusiyana kwa njira zowunikira ntchito. .
Mtondo wosinthidwa wa CE umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matope osanjikizana owuma tsiku lililonse (monga matope omangira njerwa, putty, matope opaka utoto wopyapyala, ndi zina). Kapangidwe kapadera kameneka kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsagana ndi kutayika kwamadzi mofulumira kwa matope. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wamkulu amayang'ana zomatira kumaso, ndipo palibe kafukufuku wocheperako pamitundu ina yamatope osinthika osanjikiza a CE.
Su Lei wochokera ku Wuhan University of Technology adapeza kudzera pakuyesa kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, kutaya madzi komanso kukhazikitsa nthawi yamatope osinthidwa ndi cellulose ether. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi ya coagulation imatalika; pamene kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafika O. Pambuyo pa 6%, kusintha kwa madzi osungira madzi ndi kutaya madzi sikukuwonekeranso, ndipo nthawi yoikika imakhala pafupifupi kawiri; ndi kafukufuku experimental mphamvu zake compressive limasonyeza kuti pamene zili mapadi ether ndi otsika kuposa 0,8%, zili mapadi etere ndi zosakwana 0,8%. Kuwonjezeka kudzachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yopondereza; ndipo ponena za kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi bolodi la matope a simenti, O. Pansi pa 7% ya zomwe zili, kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether kungathe kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zomangira.
Lai Jianqing wa Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. adasanthula ndikuwona kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa cellulose ether poganizira kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira komanso kusasinthika index ndi 0 kudzera m'mayesero angapo okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi, mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mgwirizano. EPS thermal insulation mortar. 2%; cellulose ether imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa mpweya, yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu, makamaka kuchepa kwa mphamvu zomangira zomangira, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito pamodzi ndi ufa wa polima wopangidwanso.
Yuan Wei ndi Qin Min a Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute adayesa kafukufuku ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka cellulose ether mu konkire ya thovu. Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti HPMC imathandizira kusungirako madzi konkire yatsopano ya thovu ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa madzi konkire ya thovu yowuma; HPMC imatha kuchepetsa kugwa kwa konkire yatsopano ya thovu ndikuchepetsa chidwi cha osakaniza ndi kutentha. ; HPMC kwambiri kuchepetsa compressive mphamvu ya thovu konkire. Pansi pa machiritso achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa HPMC kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yachitsanzo kumlingo wina.
Li Yuhai wa Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. adanenanso kuti mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex, mtundu wa cellulose ether ndi chilengedwe chochiritsa zimakhudza kwambiri kukana kwa pulasitala matope. Zotsatira za ma cellulose ethers pamphamvu yamphamvu ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zili ndi polima komanso machiritso.
Yin Qingli wa AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. adagwiritsa ntchito Bermocoll PADl, gulu losinthidwa mwapadera la polystyrene lomangirira mapadi a cellulose ether, poyesera, lomwe ndi loyenera kwambiri pamatope omangira a EPS kunja kwa khoma lotchinjiriza. Bermocoll PADl imatha kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakati pa matope ndi bolodi la polystyrene kuwonjezera pa ntchito zonse za cellulose ether. Ngakhale pa mlingo wochepa, sizingangowonjezera kusunga madzi komanso kugwira ntchito kwa matope atsopano, komanso zimatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu zomangira zoyamba komanso mphamvu zomangira madzi pakati pa matope ndi bolodi la polystyrene chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwapadera. luso. . Komabe, sizingawongolere kukana kwamatope komanso kulumikizana ndi bolodi la polystyrene. Kuti zinthu izi zitheke, ufa wa latex uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Wang Peiming wochokera ku yunivesite ya Tongji anafufuza mbiri ya chitukuko cha matope ogulitsa malonda ndipo adanena kuti cellulose ether ndi latex powder ali ndi zotsatira zosaoneka bwino pa zizindikiro za ntchito monga kusunga madzi, kusinthasintha ndi kukakamiza mphamvu, ndi zotanuka modulus wa ufa wouma wamalonda.
Zhang Lin ndi ena a Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. atsimikiza kuti, mumatope omangika a bolodi la polystyrene lopaka utoto wopyapyala kunja kwa khoma lakunja lamatenthedwe amtundu wakunja (ie Eqos system), tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri. ufa wa rabara ukhale 2.5% ndiye malire; otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kwambiri kusinthidwa cellulose ether ndi wothandiza kwambiri kuwongolera wothandiza kumakoka chomangira mphamvu ya matope ouma.
Zhao Liqun wa Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Gulu) Co., Ltd. ananena m'nkhani kuti mapadi ether akhoza kwambiri kusintha madzi posungira matope, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kachulukidwe chochuluka ndi compressive mphamvu ya matope, ndi kutalikitsa zoikamo. nthawi ya matope. Pansi pa mlingo womwewo, etha ya cellulose yokhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba imapindulitsa pakusintha kwamadzi posungira matope, koma mphamvu yopondereza imachepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi yokhazikitsa ndi yayitali. Ufa wokhuthala ndi cellulose ether zimachotsa kung'ambika kwa pulasitiki kwa matope mwa kukonza kusungidwa kwamadzi mumatope.
Fuzhou University Huang Lipin et al adaphunzira za doping ya hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ndi ethylene. Zakuthupi ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wapakatikati a matope a simenti osinthidwa a vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder. Zimapezeka kuti ether ya cellulose imakhala ndi kusungirako bwino kwa madzi, kukana kuyamwa kwamadzi komanso kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino, pomwe mphamvu zochepetsera madzi za ufa wa latex ndi kuwongolera kwa makina amatope ndizodziwika kwambiri. Kusintha zotsatira; ndipo pali mlingo woyenera pakati pa ma polima.
Kudzera muzoyeserera zingapo, Chen Qian ndi ena ochokera ku Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. ntchito ya matope, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoyambitsa. Kuthamanga kwakufupi kapena kocheperako kumapangitsa kuti matopewo akhale ovuta kupanga; kusankha etha ya cellulose yoyenera kungathenso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yamatope osakaniza okonzeka.
Li Sihan wa ku yunivesite ya Shenyang Jianzhu ndi ena anapeza kuti mchere admixtures akhoza kuchepetsa youma shrinkage mapindikidwe matope ndi kusintha makina ake; chiŵerengero cha laimu mchenga zimakhudza makina katundu ndi shrinkage mlingo wa matope; redispersible polima ufa akhoza kusintha matope. Kukana kwa mng'alu, kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, kugwirizanitsa, kukana kukhudzidwa ndi kukana kuvala, kupititsa patsogolo kusungirako madzi ndi kugwira ntchito; cellulose ether ali ndi mpweya-entraining kwenikweni, amene angathe kusintha madzi posungira matope; Ulusi wamatabwa ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo matope Kupititsa patsogolo kumasuka kwa ntchito, kugwira ntchito, ndi ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutsetsereka, ndikufulumizitsa kumanga. Powonjezera zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana kuti zisinthidwe, komanso kudzera mu chiŵerengero chololera, matope osamva ming'alu a kunja kwa khoma lamatenthedwe amatenthedwe kachitidwe ndi ntchito yabwino akhoza kukonzekera.
Yang Lei wa Henan University of Technology wosakaniza HEMC mu matope ndipo anapeza kuti ali ndi ntchito ziwiri za kusunga madzi ndi thickening, amene amalepheretsa mpweya-entrained konkire mwamsanga kuyamwa madzi mu pulasitala matope, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti simenti mu matope. matope ali ndi hydrated mokwanira, kupanga matope Kuphatikizika ndi konkire ya aerated kumakhala kowawa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndi yapamwamba; zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri delamination wa pulasitala matope kwa aerated konkire. Pamene HEMC idawonjezeredwa kumatope, mphamvu yowonongeka ya matope inachepa pang'ono, pamene mphamvu yowonongeka inachepa kwambiri, ndipo phokoso la fold-compression ratio curve limasonyeza kukwera pamwamba, kusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera kwa HEMC kungapangitse kulimba kwa matope.
Li Yanling ndi ena ku Henan University of Technology anapeza kuti katundu mawotchi a matope matope anali bwino poyerekeza ndi matope wamba, makamaka chomangira mphamvu matope, pamene pawiri osakaniza anawonjezera (zili mapadi efa anali 0,15%). Ndi nthawi 2.33 kuposa matope wamba.
Ma Baoguo ochokera ku Wuhan University of Technology ndi ena adaphunzira zotsatira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya emulsion ya styrene-acrylic, dispersible polima ufa, ndi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether pakumwa madzi, mphamvu zomangira komanso kulimba kwa matope opaka utoto woonda. , anapeza kuti pamene zomwe zili mu styrene-acrylic emulsion zinali 4% mpaka 6%, mphamvu yomangira matope inafika pamtengo wabwino kwambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chinali chochepa kwambiri; zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zawonjezeka kufika ku O. Pa 4%, mphamvu yomangira matope imafika ku machulukitsidwe, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi chochepa kwambiri; pamene ufa wa rabara uli 3%, mphamvu yomangira ya matope ndiyo yabwino kwambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chimachepa ndi kuwonjezera ufa wa rabara. mayendedwe.
Li Qiao ndi ena a Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. adanena m'nkhaniyo kuti ntchito za cellulose ether mumatope a simenti ndi kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya, kuchepetsa ndi kuwongolera mphamvu zamakokedwe, ndi zina zotero. ntchito zimagwirizana Pofufuza ndi kusankha MC, zizindikiro za MC zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa zikuphatikizapo kukhuthala, mlingo wa etherification m'malo, digiri ya kusinthidwa, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, zinthu zothandiza, kukula kwa tinthu ndi zina. Posankha MC muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatope, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito za MC palokha ziyenera kuperekedwa molingana ndi zomangamanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zamatope, ndipo mitundu yoyenera ya MC iyenera kusankhidwa kuphatikiza ndi kapangidwe kake ndi magawo oyambira a MC.
Qiu Yongxia wa ku Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. anapeza kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a cellulose ether, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kwa matope kunakula; pamene tinthu tating'ono ta cellulose ether, timasunga bwino madzi; Kukwera kwamadzi osungira madzi a cellulose ether; kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa cellulose ether kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwamatope.
Zhang Bin wa ku yunivesite ya Tongji ndi ena anafotokoza m'nkhani kuti makhalidwe ntchito ya matope kusinthidwa zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhuthala akayendedwe chitukuko cha mapadi ethers, osati kuti mapadi mapadi ndi mkulu dzina mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi chikoka zoonekeratu pa makhalidwe ntchito, chifukwa iwo ali. komanso amakhudzidwa ndi tinthu kukula. , kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka ndi zinthu zina.
Zhou Xiao ndi ena ochokera ku Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute anaphunzira chopereka cha zowonjezera ziwiri, polima mphira ufa ndi mapalo efa, ku mphamvu yomangira mu NHL (hydraulic laimu) matope dongosolo, ndipo anapeza kuti zosavuta Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa laimu wa hydraulic, sikungathe kutulutsa mphamvu zokwanira zolimba ndi mawonekedwe a miyala. Kuchuluka koyenera kwa ufa wa rabara wa polima ndi mapadi a cellulose amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zomangira za matope a NHL ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za zida zolimbikitsira zachikhalidwe ndi chitetezo; pofuna kupewa Zimakhudza kutsekemera kwa madzi ndi kupuma kwa matope a NHL okha komanso kugwirizana ndi zotsalira za chikhalidwe cha masonry. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, poganizira momwe ntchito yoyamba yogwirizanirana ndi matope a NHL, kuchuluka kwabwino kwa ufa wa rabara wa polima ndi pansi pa 0.5% mpaka 1%, ndi kuwonjezera kwa cellulose ether Kuchulukaku kumayendetsedwa pafupifupi 0.2%.
A Duan Pengxuan ndi ena ochokera ku Beijing Institute of Building Equipment Science adapanga oyesa awiri odzipangira okha pamaziko okhazikitsa mtundu wa rheological wa matope atsopano, ndipo adasanthula matope wamba wamba, pulasitala ndi pulasitala zinthu za gypsum. The denaturation anayeza, ndipo anapeza kuti hydroxyethyl mapadi efa ndi hydroxypropyl methyl mapadi eteri ndi bwino koyamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe mtengo ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuchepetsa ntchito ndi nthawi ndi liwiro kuwonjezeka, amene akhoza kulemeretsa binder kwa bwino kugwirizana mtundu, thixotropy ndi kuzembera kukana.
Li Yanling wa Henan University of Technology ndi ena anapeza kuti Kuwonjezera pa cellulose etha mu matope akhoza kwambiri kusintha madzi posungira ntchito matope, potero kuonetsetsa patsogolo simenti hydration. Ngakhale kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether amachepetsa mphamvu flexural ndi compressive mphamvu ya matope, kumawonjezera flexural-psinjika chiŵerengero ndi chomangira mphamvu ya matope pamlingo wakutiwakuti.
1.4Research pa ntchito admixtures kuti matope kunyumba ndi kunja
M'makampani omanga amasiku ano, kupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito konkire ndi matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kufunikira kwa simenti kukukulirakulira. Kupanga simenti ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwononga kwambiri mafakitale. Kusunga simenti ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera ndalama komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Monga choloweza m'malo mwa simenti, kuphatikizika kwa mchere sikungowonjezera magwiridwe antchito a matope ndi konkriti, komanso kupulumutsa simenti yambiri ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
M'makampani opanga zida zomangira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma admixtures kwakhala kokulirapo. Mitundu yambiri ya simenti imakhala ndi zosakaniza zochulukirapo kapena zochepa. Pakati pawo, simenti ya Portland yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imawonjezeredwa 5% popanga. ~ 20% kuphatikiza. Popanga mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amatope ndi konkriti, kugwiritsa ntchito ma admixtures ndikokulirapo.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza mumatope, kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali komanso wambiri wachitika kunyumba ndi kunja.
1.4.1Chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku wakunja wosakanikirana ndi matope
P. Yunivesite ya California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. anapeza kuti mu ndondomeko ya hydration ya gelling zinthu, gel osakaniza si kutupa mu voliyumu yofanana, ndi mchere admixture akhoza kusintha kapangidwe ka gel osakaniza hydrated, ndipo anapeza kuti kutupa kwa gel osakaniza amagwirizana ndi divalent cations mu gel osakaniza. . Chiwerengero cha makope chinawonetsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu.
Kevin J. wa ku United States. Folliard and Makoto Ohta et al. ananena kuti Kuwonjezera silika fume ndi mpunga mankhusu phulusa mu matope akhoza kwambiri patsogolo compressive mphamvu, pamene Kuwonjezera ntchentche phulusa amachepetsa mphamvu, makamaka siteji oyambirira.
Philippe Lawrence ndi a Martin Cyr aku France adapeza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mineral admixtures imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamatope pansi pa mlingo woyenera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma mineral admixtures osiyanasiyana sikukuwonekera koyambirira kwa hydration. M'magawo omaliza a hydration, mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera imakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya mineral admixture, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha inert admixture sikungathe kuonedwa ngati kudzaza. zotsatira, koma ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yakuthupi ya multiphase nucleation.
Bulgaria a ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev ndi ena anapeza kuti zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi silika fume ndi otsika kashiamu ntchentche phulusa mwa thupi ndi makina zimatha simenti matope ndi konkire wothira yogwira pozzolanic admixtures, amene angathe kusintha mphamvu mwala simenti. Utsi wa silika umakhudza kwambiri ma hydration oyambilira a zida za simenti, pomwe gawo la phulusa la ntchentche limakhudza kwambiri hydration pambuyo pake.
1.4.2Chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku wapakhomo pakugwiritsa ntchito admixtures ku matope
Kupyolera mu kafukufuku woyesera, Zhong Shiyun ndi Xiang Keqin a ku yunivesite ya Tongji adapeza kuti matope osinthidwa amtundu wina wa phulusa la ntchentche ndi polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), pamene chiŵerengero cha poly-binder chinakhazikitsidwa pa 0.08, chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana-kupinda kwa matope kuchuluka ndi fineness ndi zili ntchentche phulusa kuchepa ndi kuwonjezeka ntchentche phulusa. Akuti kuwonjezera kwa phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kuthetsa vuto la mtengo wokwera wa kuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa matope mwa kungowonjezera zomwe zili mu polima.
Wang Yinong wa Wuhan Chitsulo ndi Zitsulo Civil Construction Company waphunzira mkulu-ntchito matope admixture, amene angathe bwino kusintha workability matope, kuchepetsa mlingo wa delamination, ndi kusintha luso kugwirizana. Ndi yoyenera kumanga ndi pulasitala wa aerated konkire midadada. .
Chen Miaomiao ndi ena ochokera ku Nanjing University of Technology anaphunzira zotsatira za kusakaniza kawiri phulusa la ntchentche ndi mchere mumatope owuma pa ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi makina amatope, ndipo adapeza kuti kuwonjezera pa zosakaniza ziwiri sikungowonjezera ntchito ndi makina. wa osakaniza. Zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamakina zimathanso kuchepetsa mtengo. Mlingo woyenera kwambiri ndikusintha 20% ya phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wamchere motsatana, chiŵerengero cha matope ndi mchenga ndi 1: 3, ndipo chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi zinthu ndi 0,16.
Zhuang Zihao ku South China University of Technology anakonza madzi-binder chiŵerengero, kusinthidwa bentonite, mapadi efa ndi mphira ufa, ndipo anaphunzira katundu wa matope mphamvu, posungira madzi ndi shrinkage youma admixtures atatu mchere, ndipo anapeza kuti osakaniza zili kufika. Pa 50%, porosity ukuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi mphamvu amachepetsa, ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri gawo la atatu mchere admixtures ndi 8% ufa wa laimu, 30% slag, ndi 4% ntchentche phulusa, amene angathe kukwaniritsa kusunga madzi. mlingo, mtengo wokondeka wa mphamvu.
Li Ying wa ku yunivesite ya Qinghai anachita mndandanda wa mayesero matope wothira mchere admixtures, ndipo anamaliza ndi kusanthula kuti mchere admixtures akhoza kukhathamiritsa yachiwiri tinthu gradation wa ufa, ndi yaying'ono kudzazidwa tingati ndi yachiwiri hydration wa admixtures akhoza kumlingo wakutiwakuti, kuphatikizika kwa matope kumawonjezeka, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu zake.
Zhao Yujing wa ku Shanghai Baosteel New Building Equipment Co., Ltd. adagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha kulimba kwa fracture ndi mphamvu ya fracture kuti aphunzire momwe ma mineral admixtures amakhudzira kulimba kwa konkriti. Mayesowa akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizika kwa mchere kumatha kusintha pang'ono kulimba kwa fracture ndi mphamvu yakuphwanyika kwamatope; pa nkhani ya mtundu womwewo wa admixture, m'malo kuchuluka kwa 40% ya mchere admixture ndi opindulitsa kwambiri kwa fracture toughness ndi fracture mphamvu.
Xu Guangsheng wa ku yunivesite ya Henan adanena kuti pamene malo enieni a mchere wa mchere ndi osachepera E350m2 / l [g, ntchitoyo ndi yochepa, mphamvu ya 3d imakhala pafupifupi 30%, ndipo mphamvu ya 28d ikukula mpaka 0 ~ 90% ; pomwe pa 400m2 vwende g, mphamvu ya 3d Itha kukhala pafupi ndi 50%, ndipo mphamvu ya 28d ili pamwamba pa 95%. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mfundo zazikuluzikulu za rheology, malinga ndi kafukufuku woyesera wa matope amadzimadzi ndi kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga, mfundo zingapo zimatengedwa: kuwulutsa phulusa pansi pa 20% kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kuthamanga kwamatope ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi, ndi mchere wa ufa mu Pamene mlingo uli pansipa. 25%, madzi amadzimadzi amatha kuwonjezereka koma kuthamanga kumachepetsedwa.
Pulofesa Wang Dongmin wa China University of Migodi ndi Technology ndi Pulofesa Feng Lufeng wa Shandong Jianzhu University ananena m'nkhani kuti konkire ndi zinthu magawo atatu kuchokera maganizo a zipangizo gulu, ndicho simenti phala, akaphatikiza, simenti phala ndi akaphatikiza. The interface transition zone ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) pa mphambano. ITZ ndi dera lokhala ndi madzi ambiri, chiŵerengero cha simenti yamadzi m'deralo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, porosity pambuyo pa hydration ndi yaikulu, ndipo idzachititsa kuti calcium hydroxide ipangidwe. Derali ndilomwe limayambitsa ming'alu yoyamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri limayambitsa nkhawa. Kuyika kwambiri kumatsimikizira kukula kwake. Kafukufuku woyeserera akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizika kwa ma admixtures kumatha kusintha bwino madzi a endocrine m'malo osinthira mawonekedwe, kuchepetsa makulidwe a mawonekedwe osinthira mawonekedwe, ndikuwongolera mphamvu.
Zhang Jianxin wa ku yunivesite ya Chongqing ndi ena adapeza kuti mwa kusintha kwakukulu kwa methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polima ufa, ndi admixtures, matope owuma owuma owuma ndi ntchito yabwino amatha kukonzekera. Dongo lopaka pulasitala wosakanizidwa ndi zowuma lili ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito, zomangira zolimba kwambiri komanso kukana ming'alu. Ubwino wa ng'oma ndi ming'alu ndi vuto lofala.
Ren Chuanyao wa ku yunivesite ya Zhejiang ndi ena anaphunzira za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether pa katundu wa ntchentche phulusa lamatope, ndipo adasanthula mgwirizano pakati pa kachulukidwe konyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza. Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether mu ntchentche phulusa matope angathandize kwambiri kusungirako madzi mumatope, kutalikitsa nthawi yomangirira matope, komanso kuchepetsa kunyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza yamatope. Pali kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa kachulukidwe konyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya 28d. Pansi pa kachulukidwe konyowa kodziwika, mphamvu yopondereza ya 28d imatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera.
Pulofesa Pang Lufeng ndi Chang Qingshan wa ku yunivesite ya Shandong Jianzhu anagwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira yojambula kuti aphunzire chikoka cha zinthu zitatu zosakaniza za ntchentche phulusa, mchere wa ufa ndi silika fume pa mphamvu ya konkire, ndikuyika patsogolo ndondomeko yolosera ndi phindu linalake lothandizira kupyolera mu kubwereranso. kusanthula. , ndipo kutheka kwake kunatsimikiziridwa.
1.5Cholinga ndi kufunika kwa phunziroli
Monga chowonjezera chosungira madzi, cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza chakudya, matope ndi kupanga konkire ndi mafakitale ena. Monga yofunika admixture zosiyanasiyana matope, zosiyanasiyana mapadi ethers akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa magazi a mkulu fluidity matope, kumapangitsanso thixotropy ndi kumanga kusalala kwa matope, ndi bwino madzi posungira ntchito ndi chomangira mphamvu ya matope.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mineral admixtures kukuchulukirachulukira, zomwe sizimangothetsa vuto la kukonza zinthu zambiri zamakampani, zimapulumutsa nthaka ndikuteteza chilengedwe, komanso zimatha kusintha zinyalala kukhala chuma ndikupanga phindu.
Pakhala pali maphunziro ambiri pazigawo za matope awiri kunyumba ndi kunja, koma palibe maphunziro ambiri oyesera omwe amaphatikiza awiriwa palimodzi. Cholinga cha pepalali ndi kusakaniza angapo mapadi etha ndi mchere admixtures mu phala simenti nthawi yomweyo , mkulu fluidity matope ndi matope pulasitiki (kutenga matope matope monga chitsanzo), kudzera kufufuza mayeso fluidity ndi katundu makina osiyanasiyana, chikoka lamulo la mitundu iwiri ya matope pamene zigawo zikuluzikulu anawonjezera pamodzi ndi mwachidule, zimene zidzakhudza m'tsogolo mapadi efa. Ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kwa mineral admixtures kumapereka chidziwitso china.
Kuonjezera apo, pepala ili limapereka njira yodziwira mphamvu ya matope ndi konkire pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya FERET ndi coefficient ya ntchito ya mineral admixtures, yomwe ingapereke tanthauzo lina lotsogolera pakupanga chiŵerengero chosakanikirana ndi kuneneratu kwamphamvu kwa matope ndi konkire.
1.6Zofufuza zazikulu za pepalali
Zomwe zili mu kafukufukuyu ndi izi:
1. Mwa kuphatikiza ma cellulose ethers angapo ndi ma mineral admixtures osiyanasiyana, kuyesa kwa fluidity kwa slurry woyera ndi matope amadzimadzi kunachitika, ndipo malamulo okhudza chikoka anafotokozedwa mwachidule ndipo zifukwa zinafufuzidwa.
2. Powonjezera ma cellulose ethers ndi ma mineral admixtures osiyanasiyana kumatope apamwamba komanso matope omangirira, fufuzani zotsatira zake pamphamvu yopondereza, mphamvu yosunthika, kupindika kwa chiŵerengero ndi matope omangirira amatope apamwamba komanso matope apulasitiki mphamvu.
3. Kuphatikizidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya FERET ndi coefficient ya ntchito ya mineral admixtures, njira yolosera mphamvu ya matope ambiri a simenti ndi konkire ikuperekedwa.
Mutu 2 Kusanthula kwa zipangizo ndi zigawo zake zoyesera
2.1 Zida zoyesera
2.1.1 Simenti (C)
Mayesowa adagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 simenti.
2.1.2 Mineral powder (KF)
The $95 giredi granulated blast ng'anjo slag ufa wochokera ku Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Fly Ash (FA)
Phulusa la Grade II lopangidwa ndi Jinan Huangtai Power Plant lasankhidwa, fineness (sieve yotsalira ya 459m square hole sieve) ndi 13%, ndipo chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi 96%.
2.1.4 Silika fume (sF)
Silika fume utenga silika fume wa Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., kachulukidwe ake ndi 2.59/cm3; malo enieni ndi 17500m2/kg, ndipo pafupifupi tinthu kukula ndi O. 1 ~ 0.39m, 28d ntchito index ndi 108%, chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi 120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex ufa (JF)
Ufa wa mphira umatenga Max redispersible latex powder 6070N (mtundu wogwirizana) kuchokera ku Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)
CMC utenga ❖ kuyanika kalasi CMC ku Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., ndipo HPMC utenga mitundu iwiri ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ku Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Zosakaniza zina
Heavy calcium carbonate, ulusi wamatabwa, zoletsa madzi, calcium formate, etc.
2.1,8 quartz mchenga
Mchenga wa quartz wopangidwa ndi makina umatenga mitundu inayi ya fineness: 10-20 mauna, 20-40 H, 40.70 mauna ndi 70.140 H, kachulukidwe ndi 2650 kg/rn3, ndi kuyaka kwa stack ndi 1620 kg/m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer ufa (PC)
The polycarboxylate ufa wa Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ndi 1J1030, ndi kuchepetsa madzi mlingo 30%.
2.1.10 Mchenga (S)
Mchenga wapakati wa Dawen River ku Tai'an umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2.1.11 Coarse aggregate (G)
Gwiritsani ntchito Jinan Ganggou kupanga 5" ~ 25 mwala wosweka.
2.2 Njira yoyesera
2.2.1 Njira yoyesera ya slurry fluidity
Zida zoyesera: NJ. 160 mtundu simenti chosakanizira slurry, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Njira zoyesera ndi zotsatira zimawerengedwa molingana ndi njira yoyesera yamadzimadzi a simenti ya phala mu Zowonjezera A za "GB 50119.2003 Specifications Zaukadaulo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Concrete Admixtures" kapena ((GB/T8077--2000 Njira Yoyesera ya Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures). ).
2.2.2 Njira yoyesera ya fluidity ya matope apamwamba
Zida zoyesera: JJ. Type 5 simenti chosakanizira matope, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-2000B matope kuyezetsa psinjika makina, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd .;
TYE-300B matope kupinda mayeso makina, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Njira yodziwira madzi amatope amachokera ku "JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials" ndi "GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for Application of Concrete Admixtures" Zowonjezera A, kukula kwa cone kufa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika ndi 60mm , mkati mwa doko lakumtunda ndi 70mm, mkati mwa doko lakumunsi ndi 100mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake kunja kwa doko lapansi ndi 120mm, ndipo kulemera konse kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 2000g nthawi iliyonse.
Zotsatira za mayeso a madzimadzi awiriwa ziyenera kutenga mtengo wapakati wa njira ziwiri zoyimirira monga chotsatira chomaliza.
2.2.3 Njira yoyesera ya kulimba kwa chomangira cha matope omangika
Zida zoyesera zazikulu: WDL. Type 5 zamagetsi padziko lonse kuyezetsa makina, opangidwa ndi Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
Njira yoyesera yamphamvu yolimba ya bondi idzakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi Gawo 10 la (JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Building Mortars.
Mutu 3. Mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa phala loyera ndi matope azinthu zamabina cementitious zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere.
Liquidity Impact
Mutuwu ukufufuza ma cellulose ethers angapo ndi mineral blends poyesa kuchuluka kwa ma slurries opangidwa ndi simenti yamitundu ingapo komanso ma binary cementitious system slurries ndi matope okhala ndi ma admixtures osiyanasiyana amchere ndi madzi ake komanso kutaya kwawo pakapita nthawi. Lamulo lachikoka pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu pawiri pamadzi a slurry oyera ndi matope, komanso mphamvu yazinthu zosiyanasiyana zimafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikuwunikidwa.
3.1 Ndondomeko ya protocol yoyeserera
Poganizira mphamvu ya cellulose ether pakugwira ntchito kwa simenti yoyera ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a simenti, timaphunzira m'njira ziwiri:
1. woyera. Zili ndi ubwino wa intuition, ntchito yosavuta komanso yolondola kwambiri, ndipo ili yoyenera kwambiri kuti izindikire kusinthasintha kwa zosakaniza monga cellulose ether ku gelling zakuthupi, ndipo kusiyana kuli koonekeratu.
2. Mtondo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kupeza malo othamanga kwambiri kumakhalanso kosavuta kuyeza ndi kuyang'anitsitsa. Pano, kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zabubundundundundundundundunkejojojojojojojojojososhonimboshonimboshonimboshonishonipashonishonipashonishonipapapapathothonsopazwe payumwe mayiyuwero wotsatira wa 2019/2012/2013 14:00-2010] amawongoleredwa ndi apamwamba-performance superplasticizers. Kuti muchepetse cholakwika choyesa, timagwiritsa ntchito chochepetsera madzi cha polycarboxylate chosinthika ndi simenti, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa mayeso kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa.
3.2 Mayeso a mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa fluidity ya phala loyera la simenti
3.2.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha mphamvu ya cellulose ether pamadzimadzi a phala loyera la simenti
Poganizira mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa fluidity ya slurry yoyera, matope oyera a simenti a gawo limodzi la simentiyo adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kuyang'anira chikoka. Mlozera waukulu wamawu apa umagwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira kwamadzimadzi kwachilengedwe.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhudza kuyenda:
1. Mitundu ya ma cellulose ethers
2. Ma cellulose ether
3. Nthawi yopumula pang'ono
Apa, tinakonza zomwe zili mu PC ya ufa pa 0.2%. Magulu atatu ndi magulu anayi oyesa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kwa sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, mlingo wa 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, womwe ndi Og, 0.39, 0.69 (kuchuluka kwa simenti pamayeso aliwonse ndi 3009). , kwa hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, mlingo ndi 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, omwe ndi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira madzi a phala loyera la simenti.
(1) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a phala loyera la simenti losakanikirana ndi CMC
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Poyerekeza magulu atatu omwe ali ndi nthawi yoyimirira yofanana, ponena za madzi oyambira, ndi kuwonjezera kwa CMC, madzi amadzimadzi oyambirira anachepa pang'ono; theka la ola fluidity inachepa kwambiri ndi mlingo, makamaka chifukwa cha theka la ola fluidity wa gulu opanda kanthu. Ndi 20mm yaikulu kuposa yoyamba (izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ufa wa PC): -IJ, madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa pang'ono pa mlingo wa 0.1%, ndikuwonjezekanso pa mlingo wa 0.2%.
Poyerekeza magulu atatu ndi mlingo womwewo, fluidity wa gulu akusowekapo anali wamkulu mu theka la ola, ndipo utachepa mu ola limodzi (izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti ola limodzi, particles simenti anaonekera kwambiri hydration ndi adhesion; mawonekedwe apakati-tinthu anayamba kupangidwa, ndi slurry anaonekera kwambiri Condensation; kusungunuka kwa magulu a C1 ndi C2 kunachepa pang'ono theka la ola, kusonyeza kuti kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa CMC kunakhudza kwambiri boma; pamene zili mu C2, panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mu ola limodzi, kusonyeza kuti zomwe zili mu Zotsatira za kuchedwa kwa CMC ndizopambana.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu CMC, chodabwitsa cha kukanda chimayamba kuwonekera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti CMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zina pakuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa phala la simenti, ndipo mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya CMC imayambitsa kubadwa kwa mpweya thovu.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a phala loyera la simenti losakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala 100,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Kuchokera pamzere wa chithunzi cha zotsatira za nthawi yoyima pa fluidity, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti madzi amadzimadzi mu theka la ola ndi aakulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi oyambirira ndi ola limodzi, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu HPMC, chizolowezicho chimafooka. Ponseponse, kutayika kwa fluidity sikuli kwakukulu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti HPMC ili ndi kusungirako kwamadzi kodziwikiratu ku slurry, ndipo imakhala ndi vuto linalake.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuwona kuti fluidity imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zili mu HPMC. Pazoyeserera, zokulirapo za HPMC, ndizomwe zimakhala zocheperako. Ndizovuta kudzaza nkhungu ya fluidity cone yokha pansi pa madzi omwewo. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mutatha kuwonjezera HPMC, kutayika kwamadzimadzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nthawi sikuli kwakukulu kwa slurry koyera.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Gulu lopanda kanthu limakhala ndi vuto la kukhetsa magazi, ndipo zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku kusintha kwakuthwa kwa fluidity ndi mlingo kuti HPMC ili ndi madzi amphamvu kwambiri posungirako komanso kukhuthala kuposa CMC, ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa vuto la magazi. Kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mpweya sikuyenera kumveka ngati zotsatira za kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya. Ndipotu, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akachuluka, mpweya wosakanizidwa mkati mwa kusonkhezera sungathe kumenyedwa kukhala thovu laling'ono la mpweya chifukwa slurry ndi viscous kwambiri.
(3) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a phala loyera la simenti losakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala kwa 150,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Kuchokera pamzere wa graph ya chikoka cha zomwe zili mu HPMC (150,000) pa fluidity, chikoka cha kusintha kwa zomwe zili pa fluidity ndizoonekeratu kuposa za 100,000 HPMC, kusonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala kwa HPMC kudzachepetsa. ndi fluidity.
Malinga ndi kuwonetseredwa, malinga ndi momwe kusintha kwamadzimadzi kumayendera ndi nthawi, zotsatira za HPMC (150,000) za theka la ola ndizodziwikiratu, pamene zotsatira za -4, ndizoipa kuposa za HPMC (100,000) .
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Panali kutuluka magazi m'gulu lopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chokanda mbaleyo chinali chifukwa chakuti chiŵerengero cha simenti cha madzi cha pansi slurry chinakhala chochepa pambuyo pa kutuluka magazi, ndipo slurry anali wandiweyani komanso wovuta kukwapula mu mbale ya galasi. Kuwonjezera kwa HPMC kunathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la magazi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zilipo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tidayamba kuwonekera kenako mathovu akulu adawonekera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamba chifukwa cha chifukwa china. Mofananamo, thovu zazikulu siziyenera kumveka ngati zotsatira za kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya. Ndipotu, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akachuluka, mpweya wosakanizidwa mkati mwa kugwedeza umakhala wowoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo sungathe kusefukira kuchokera ku slurry.
3.3 Mayeso amphamvu a cellulose ether pa fluidity ya slurry yoyera ya zinthu zambiri za simenti
Gawoli limayang'ana kwambiri momwe kugwiritsidwira ntchito kwapawiri kwa ma admixtures angapo ndi ma cellulose ethers atatu (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) pamadzimadzi amkati.
Momwemonso, magulu atatu ndi magulu anayi oyesa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kwa sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, mlingo wa 0%, 0.10%, ndi 0.2%, womwe ndi 0g, 0.3g, ndi 0.6g (mlingo wa simenti pamayeso aliwonse ndi 300g). Kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, mlingo ndi 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, zomwe ndi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Zomwe zili pa PC za ufa zimayendetsedwa pa 0.2%.
The ntchentche phulusa ndi slag ufa mu mchere admixture m'malo ndi kuchuluka kwa mkati kusanganikirana njira, ndi milingo kusanganikirana ndi 10%, 20% ndi 30%, ndiko kuti, m'malo kuchuluka ndi 30g, 60g ndi 90g. Komabe, poganizira mphamvu ya zochitika zapamwamba, kuchepa, ndi dziko, mpweya wa silika umayendetsedwa mpaka 3%, 6%, ndi 9%, ndiko kuti, 9g, 18g, ndi 27g.
3.3.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa fluidity ya slurry yoyera ya binary cementitious material
(1) Chiwembu choyesera chamadzimadzi azinthu zama simenti zosakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
(2) Mayesero a dongosolo la fluidity wa zinthu bayinare simenti wosakaniza HPMC (makamakamakamakamakamaka 100,000) ndi osiyanasiyana mchere admixtures.
(3) Chiwembu choyesera cha fluidity ya zida zamasimenti zamabina zosakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala kwa 150,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
3.3.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira madzi amitundu yambiri ya simenti.
(1) Zotsatira zoyamba za mayeso a fluidity a slurry wabinary cementitious slurry wosakanizidwa ndi CMC ndi ma admixtures osiyanasiyana amchere.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa izi kuti kuwonjezera kwa phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kukulitsa bwino madzi oyambira a slurry, ndipo kumakonda kukulirakulira ndi kuchuluka kwa phulusa la ntchentche. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene zili CMC ukuwonjezeka, fluidity amachepetsa pang'ono, ndi kuchepa pazipita ndi 20mm.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kutsekemera koyambirira kwa slurry koyera kumatha kuwonjezeka pa mlingo wochepa wa mchere wa mchere, ndipo kupititsa patsogolo kwa fluidity sikukuwonekeranso pamene mlingo uli pamwamba pa 20%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa CMC mu O. Pa 1%, fluidity ndi pazipita.
Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku izi kuti zomwe zili mu silika fume nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakuyamba kwamadzimadzi kwa slurry. Nthawi yomweyo, CMC idachepetsanso kuchepa kwamadzi.
Mayeso a theka la ola amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi azinthu zabinare zosakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kusintha kwa fluidity ya ntchentche phulusa kwa theka la ola kumakhala kothandiza pa mlingo wochepa, koma kungakhalenso chifukwa kuli pafupi ndi malire otaya a slurry koyera. Nthawi yomweyo, CMC ikadali ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa madzimadzi.
Kuonjezera apo, poyerekeza ndi madzi oyambira ndi theka la ola, zitha kupezeka kuti phulusa lambiri la ntchentche limapindulitsa kuthetsa kutaya kwa madzi pakapita nthawi.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku izi kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere wa mchere kulibe zotsatira zoonekeratu zoipa pa fluidity ya slurry koyera kwa theka la ola, ndipo nthawi zonse sizili zamphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira za CMC zili pa fluidity mu theka la ola si zoonekeratu, koma kusintha kwa 20% mchere ufa gulu m'malo ndi zoonekeratu.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti zotsatira zoipa za fluidity ya slurry koyera ndi kuchuluka kwa silika fume kwa theka la ola ndi zoonekeratu kuposa woyamba, makamaka zotsatira mu osiyanasiyana 6% mpaka 9% zoonekeratu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchepa kwa zomwe zili mu CMC pamadzimadzi ndi pafupifupi 30mm, zomwe ndizokulirapo kuposa kuchepa kwa CMC mpaka poyambira.
(2) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi azinthu zabinary cementitious slurry zosakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
Kuchokera pa izi, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti zotsatira za ntchentche phulusa pa fluidity zimakhala zoonekeratu, koma zimapezeka muyeso kuti phulusa la ntchentche lilibe kusintha koonekera bwino pa magazi. Komanso, kuchepetsa zotsatira za HPMC pa fluidity ndi zoonekeratu (makamaka osiyanasiyana 0.1% kuti 0.15% ya mlingo mkulu, kuchepa pazipita akhoza kufika oposa 50mm).
Zitha kuwoneka kuti ufa wa mchere umakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa fluidity, ndipo sizimapangitsa kuti magazi azituluka. Komanso, kuchepetsa zotsatira za HPMC pa fluidity kufika 60mm mu osiyanasiyana 0.1% ~0.15% ya mlingo mkulu.
Kuchokera pa izi, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuchepa kwa madzi a silika kumawonekera kwambiri pamlingo waukulu, komanso, utsi wa silika umakhala ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino pakukhetsa magazi pamayeso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, HPMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi (makamaka pa mlingo waukulu wa mlingo (0.1% mpaka 0.15%). Other The admixture amachita monga chothandizira chaching'ono kusintha.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti, kawirikawiri, zotsatira za ma admixtures atatu pa fluidity ndizofanana ndi mtengo woyamba. Pamene utsi wa silika uli pamtunda waukulu wa 9% ndipo HPMC ili ndi O. Pankhani ya 15%, chodabwitsa chomwe deta sichikanakhoza kusonkhanitsidwa chifukwa cha kusauka kwa slurry kunali kovuta kudzaza nkhungu ya cone. , kusonyeza kuti mamasukidwe akayendedwe a silika fume ndi HPMC anakula kwambiri pa mlingo wapamwamba. Poyerekeza ndi CMC, kukhuthala kuchulukirachulukira kwa HPMC ndikodziwikiratu.
(3) Zotsatira zoyamba za mayeso a fluidity a slurry wabinary cementitious slurry wosakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
Kuchokera pa izi, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti HPMC (150,000) ndi HPMC (100,000) ali ndi zotsatira zofanana pa slurry, koma HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu imakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu pang'ono kwa fluidity, koma sizowonekeratu, zomwe ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kusungunuka. pa HPMC. Liwiro limakhala ndi ubale wina. Pakati admixtures, zotsatira za ntchentche phulusa zili pa fluidity wa slurry kwenikweni liniya ndi zabwino, ndi 30% ya zili kuonjezera fluidity ndi 20,-,30mm; Zotsatira zake sizodziwikiratu, ndipo kusintha kwake pakutulutsa magazi kumakhala kochepa; ngakhale pa mlingo waung'ono wa mlingo wosakwana 10%, silika fume ali ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu kwambiri kuchepetsa magazi, ndipo malo ake enieni ndi lalikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa simenti. dongosolo la ukulu, zotsatira za kutengera kwake kwa madzi pakuyenda ndizofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule, mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mlingo, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa slurry, mlingo wa silika fume ndi HPMC ndiye chinthu chachikulu, kaya ndi kulamulira kwa magazi kapena kulamulira kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake. zoonekeratu, zina Zotsatira za admixtures ndi yachiwiri ndipo amasewera wothandiza kusintha udindo.
Gawo lachitatu limafotokoza mwachidule chikoka cha HPMC (150,000) ndi kuphatikizika kwamadzimadzi a zamkati koyera mu theka la ola, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi lamulo lachikoka choyambirira. Angapezeke kuti kuwonjezeka kwa ntchentche phulusa pa fluidity wa koyera slurry kwa theka la ola ndi zoonekeratu pang'ono kuposa kuwonjezeka koyamba fluidity, chikoka cha slag ufa akadali zoonekeratu, ndi chikoka cha silika fume zili pa fluidity. zikuwonekerabe kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, ponena za zomwe zili mu HPMC, pali zochitika zambiri zomwe sizingathe kutsanulidwa pazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mlingo wake wa O. 15% umakhudza kwambiri kuwonjezereka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi, komanso ponena za fluidity kwa theka. ola limodzi, poyerekeza ndi mtengo woyamba, gulu la slag la O. The fluidity ya 05% HPMC inachepa mwachiwonekere.
Pankhani ya kutaya kwa fluidity pakapita nthawi, kuphatikizika kwa silika fume kumakhudza kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa utsi wa silika umakhala ndi kufinya kwakukulu, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, komanso kuthekera kwamphamvu kuyamwa chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tcheru. fluidity mpaka nthawi yoyima. Ku.
3.4 Yesani momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira kusungunuka kwa simenti yopangidwa ndi simenti yamadzimadzi
3.4.1 Chiwembu choyesa momwe ma cellulose ether amagwirira ntchito pamadzi amadzimadzi amatope opangidwa ndi simenti.
Gwiritsani ntchito matope apamwamba kuti muwone momwe amagwirira ntchito. Cholozera chachikulu apa ndi mayeso oyambira ndi theka la ola la mortar fluidity.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhudza kuyenda:
1 mitundu ya cellulose ethers,
2 Mlingo wa cellulose ether,
3 Nthawi yoyima yamatope
3.4.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira madzi a simenti yopangidwa ndi simenti yayikulu kwambiri.
(1) Zotsatira za kuyezetsa kwamadzi amatope a simenti osakanizidwa ndi CMC
Chidule ndi kusanthula zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Poyerekeza magulu atatu omwe ali ndi nthawi yofanana yoimirira, ponena za madzi amadzimadzi oyambirira, ndi kuwonjezera kwa CMC, madzi amadzimadzi amayamba kuchepa pang'ono, ndipo pamene zomwe zili mu O. Pa 15%, pali kuchepa koonekeratu; kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu theka la ola ndizofanana ndi mtengo woyamba.
2. Chizindikiro:
Kunena zongoyerekeza, kuyerekeza ndi matope oyera, kuphatikizika kwa zowunjikana mumatope kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti thovu la mpweya lilowerere mu matopewo, ndipo kutsekereza kwa magulu ophatikizika pamataya otaya magazi kumapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kusungitsa thovu la mpweya kapena magazi. Mu slurry Choncho, mpweya kuwira okhutira ndi kukula kwa matope ayenera zambiri ndi zazikulu kuposa waukhondo slurry. Komano, zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu CMC, kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kumachepa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti CMC imakhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo pamatope, ndipo kuyesa kwa theka la ola kukuwonetsa kuti thovu likusefukira pamwamba. onjezerani pang'ono. , yomwe imakhalanso chiwonetsero cha kukwera kosasunthika, ndipo pamene kusinthasintha kumafika pamlingo wina, ming'oma idzakhala yovuta kuphulika, ndipo palibe ming'oma yowonekera idzawoneka pamwamba.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a matope oyera a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (100,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pazithunzi kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu HPMC, madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi CMC, HPMC ili ndi mphamvu yakukhuthala. Zotsatira zake ndi kusunga madzi ndizabwinoko. Kuchokera ku 0,05% mpaka 0.1%, kusintha kwa madzimadzi kumawonekera kwambiri, ndipo kuchokera ku O. Pambuyo pa 1%, palibe kusintha koyambirira kapena theka la ola mu fluidity ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera patebulo ndi chithunzi kuti kwenikweni mulibe thovu m'magulu awiri a Mh2 ndi Mh3, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kukhuthala kwa magulu awiriwa kuli kale kwakukulu, kulepheretsa kuphulika kwa thovu mu slurry.
(3) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a matope oyera a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (150,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Poyerekeza magulu angapo omwe ali ndi nthawi yofanana yoyimirira, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti kuchepa kwa ola limodzi ndi theka la ola ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu HPMC, ndipo kuchepa kumakhala koonekeratu kuposa HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 100,000, kusonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a HPMC kumawonjezera. Kukula kwamphamvu kumalimbikitsidwa, koma mu O. Zotsatira za mlingo womwe uli pansipa 05% sizowonekeratu, madzi amadzimadzi ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa 0.05% mpaka 0.1%, ndipo chikhalidwecho chimakhalanso mu 0.1% mpaka 0.15 %. Chepetsani, kapena kusiya kusintha. Poyerekeza theka la ola fluidity kutaya makhalidwe (poyamba fluidity ndi theka la ola fluidity) wa HPMC ndi viscosities awiri, zikhoza kupezeka kuti HPMC ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu akhoza kuchepetsa mtengo kutayika, kusonyeza kuti kusungira madzi ake ndi kukhazikitsa retardation zotsatira. bwino kuposa mamasukidwe otsika.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Pankhani yolamulira kutuluka kwa magazi, ma HPMC awiriwa ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono, zomwe zingathe kusunga bwino madzi ndi kukhuthala, kuthetsa zotsatira zoipa za kutuluka kwa magazi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amalola kuti thovu liwonongeke bwino.
3.5 Yesani zotsatira za cellulose ether pa fluidity ya matope apamwamba azinthu zosiyanasiyana za simenti.
3.5.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha momwe ma cellulose ethers amathandizira pamadzi amadzimadzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti.
Mtondo wochuluka wa fluidity umagwiritsidwabe ntchito kuwona momwe zimakhudzira fluidity. Zizindikiro zazikulu zowunikira ndizoyamba ndi theka la ola la matope ozindikira madzimadzi.
(1) Chiwembu choyesera cha matope amadzimadzi okhala ndi zida zama simenti zosakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
(2) Chiwembu choyesera cha matope amadzimadzi ndi HPMC (kukhuthala 100,000) ndi zida zama simenti zamabina amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere
(3) Chiwembu choyesera cha matope amadzimadzi ndi HPMC (kukhuthala 150,000) ndi zida zama simenti zamabina amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere
3.5.2 Zotsatira za cellulose ether pa fluidity ya matope amadzimadzi ambiri mu dongosolo lazambiri la simenti lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mineral admixtures Zotsatira zoyesa ndi kusanthula
(1) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana
Kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa za fluidity yoyamba, tinganene kuti kuwonjezera phulusa la ntchentche kungathe kusintha pang'ono madzi a matope; pamene zili mu mchere ufa ndi 10%, fluidity matope akhoza pang'ono bwino; ndi silika fume zimakhudza kwambiri fluidity , makamaka osiyanasiyana 6% ~ 9% okhutira okhutira, kuchititsa kuchepa fluidity pafupifupi 90mm.
M'magulu awiri a ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere wa ufa, CMC imachepetsa kusungunuka kwa matope pamlingo wina, pamene mu gulu la silika fume, O. Kuwonjezeka kwa CMC zili pamwamba pa 1% sikumakhudzanso kwambiri madzi a matope.
Theka la ola zotsatira zoyeserera za matope a cementitious osakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity mu theka la ola, tingathe kunena kuti zotsatira za zomwe zili muzosakaniza ndi CMC ndizofanana ndi zoyamba, koma zomwe zili mu CMC mu gulu la mchere wa mchere zimasintha kuchokera ku O. 1% mpaka O. Kusintha kwa 2% ndikokulirapo, pa 30mm.
Pankhani ya kutayika kwa fluidity pakapita nthawi, phulusa la ntchentche limakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera kutaya, pamene mchere wa mchere ndi silika fume udzawonjezera mtengo wotayika pansi pa mlingo waukulu. Mlingo wa 9% wa silika fume umapangitsanso kuti nkhungu yoyeserera isadzazidwe yokha. , madzi amadzimadzi sangathe kuyeza molondola.
(2) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana
Mayeso a theka la ola la matope a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Zitha kukwaniritsidwabe kudzera muzoyeserera kuti kuwonjezera phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kusintha pang'ono kuchuluka kwamatope; pamene zili mu mchere ufa ndi 10%, fluidity matope akhoza pang'ono bwino; Mlingowo ndi wovuta kwambiri, ndipo gulu la HPMC lomwe lili ndi mlingo waukulu pa 9% lili ndi mawanga akufa, ndipo fluidity imasowa.
Zomwe zili mu cellulose ether ndi silika fume ndizomwe zimawonekera kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa matope. Zotsatira za HPMC mwachiwonekere ndizokulirapo kuposa za CMC. Zosakaniza zina zimatha kusintha kutayika kwa madzi pakapita nthawi.
(3) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala kwa 150,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana
Mayeso a theka la ola la matope a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 150,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Zitha kukwaniritsidwabe kudzera muzoyeserera kuti kuwonjezera phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kusintha pang'ono kuchuluka kwamatope; pamene zili mu mchere wa ufa ndi 10%, madzi a matope amatha kusintha pang'ono: fume la silika likadali lothandiza kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la magazi, pamene Fluidity ndi yoopsa kwambiri, koma imakhala yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zotsatira zake mu slurries oyera. .
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mawanga akufa anaonekera pansi mkulu zili mapadi efa (makamaka pa tebulo la theka la ola fluidity), kusonyeza kuti HPMC ali ndi zotsatira kwambiri pa kuchepetsa fluidity matope, ndi mchere ufa ndi ntchentche phulusa akhoza kusintha imfa. ya fluidity pakapita nthawi.
3.5 Chidule Chachidule
1. Kuyerekeza kwathunthu kuyesa kwamadzimadzi kwa phala loyera la simenti losakanizidwa ndi ma ethers atatu a cellulose, zitha kuwoneka kuti
1. CMC ili ndi zotsatira zina zochedwetsa komanso zopatsa mpweya, kuchepa kwa madzi, ndi kutaya kwina pakapita nthawi.
2. Mphamvu yosungiramo madzi ya HPMC ndi yoonekeratu, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa dziko, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili. Zili ndi zotsatira zina za mpweya, ndipo kukhuthala kumaonekera. 15% idzapangitsa thovu lalikulu mu slurry, zomwe ziyenera kuwononga mphamvu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa HPMC mamasukidwe akayendedwe, nthawi amadalira imfa ya slurry fluidity chinawonjezeka pang'ono, koma si zoonekeratu.
2. Kuyerekeza kwathunthu kuyesa kwa slurry fluidity kwa njira ya binary gelling yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere yosakanikirana ndi ma cellulose ethers atatu, zitha kuwoneka kuti:
1. Chikoka lamulo la atatu cellulose etha pa fluidity wa slurry wa bayinare cementitious dongosolo zosiyanasiyana mchere admixtures ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi chikoka lamulo la fluidity wa koyera simenti slurry. CMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakuwongolera kutuluka kwa magazi, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zofooka pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi; mitundu iwiri ya HPMC akhoza kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe slurry ndi kuchepetsa fluidity kwambiri, ndi amene ali ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe apamwamba ali ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu.
2. Pakati pa admixtures, ntchentche phulusa ali ndi mlingo winawake kusintha pa koyamba ndi theka la ola fluidity wa koyera slurry, ndi zili 30% akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi za 30mm; zotsatira za mchere ufa pa fluidity wa koyera slurry alibe nthawi zoonekeratu; silicon Ngakhale kuti phulusa ndi lochepa, ultra-fineness yake yapadera, kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira, ndi kutengeka kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri madzi a slurry, makamaka pamene 0.15% HPMC ikuwonjezeredwa, padzakhala nkhungu za cone zomwe sizingadzazidwe. Chodabwitsa.
3. Poyang'anira kutuluka kwa magazi, phulusa la ntchentche ndi mchere wa mchere sizidziwikiratu, ndipo utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.
4. Ponena za kutaya kwa theka la ola la madzi, kutayika kwa phulusa la ntchentche kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mtengo wotayika wa gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo utsi wa silika ndi waukulu.
5. Pakusiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa zomwe zili, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa slurry, zomwe zili mu HPMC ndi silika fume ndizo zikuluzikulu, kaya ndi kulamulira kwa magazi kapena kulamulira kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndizo. zoonekeratu. Mphamvu ya mineral powder ndi mineral powder ndi yachiwiri, ndipo imakhala ndi gawo lothandizira.
3. Poyerekeza mokwanira kuyesa kwamadzimadzi kwa matope a simenti osakanizidwa ndi ma ether atatu a cellulose, zitha kuwoneka kuti
1. Pambuyo powonjezera ma cellulose ethers atatu, kutuluka kwa magazi kunathetsedwa bwino, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amachepa. Zina thickening, madzi posungira zotsatira. CMC ili ndi zotsatira zina zochedwetsa komanso zopatsa mpweya, kusungitsa madzi ofooka, komanso kutayika kwina pakapita nthawi.
2. Pambuyo powonjezera CMC, kutaya kwa madzi amatope pakapita nthawi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zingakhale chifukwa chakuti CMC ndi ionic cellulose ether, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kupanga mpweya ndi Ca2 + mu simenti.
3. Kuyerekeza kwa ma etha atatu a cellulose kukuwonetsa kuti CMC ilibe mphamvu pang'ono pamadzimadzi, ndipo mitundu iwiri ya HPMC imachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matope pazomwe zili 1/1000, ndipo yomwe ili ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba kwambiri. zoonekeratu.
4. Mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thovu la pamwamba lisefukire, koma zomwe zili mu HPMC zikafika kupitirira 0.1%, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa slurry, thovulo limakhalabe mu slurry ndipo sangathe kusefukira.
5. Mphamvu yosungiramo madzi ya HPMC ndi yoonekeratu, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha kusakaniza, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili, ndipo kukhuthala kumawonekera.
4. Yerekezerani mokwanira kuyesa kwa fluidity kwa angapo mineral admixture binary cementitious materials osakaniza ndi atatu cellulose ethers.
Monga zikuwoneka:
1. Lamulo lachikoka la ma etha atatu a cellulose pa fluidity ya multicomponent cementitious material mortar ndi ofanana ndi chikoka lamulo pa fluidity wa slurry koyera. CMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakuwongolera kutuluka kwa magazi, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zofooka pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi; mitundu iwiri ya HPMC akhoza kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe a matope ndi kuchepetsa fluidity kwambiri, ndipo amene ali ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe apamwamba ali ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu.
2. Pakati pa admixtures, ntchentche phulusa ali ndi digiri inayake ya kusintha pa koyamba ndi theka la ola fluidity woyera slurry; chikoka cha ufa wa slag pa fluidity wa slurry woyera alibe nthawi zonse zoonekeratu; ngakhale zili silika fume ndi otsika, ake The wapadera kopitilira muyeso-fineness, kufulumira kuchita ndi adsorption amphamvu zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri zotsatira pa fluidity wa slurry. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso a phala koyera, amapezeka kuti zotsatira za admixtures amakonda kufooka.
3. Poyang'anira kutuluka kwa magazi, phulusa la ntchentche ndi mchere wa mchere sizidziwikiratu, ndipo utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.
4. Pakusiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa mlingo, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza madzi a matope, mlingo wa HPMC ndi silika fume ndizo zikuluzikulu, kaya ndi kulamulira kwa magazi kapena kulamulira kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndizowonjezereka. zodziwikiratu, silika fume 9% Pamene zili HPMC ndi 0.15%, n'zosavuta chifukwa kudzaza nkhungu kukhala kovuta kudzaza, ndi chikoka cha admixtures ena ndi yachiwiri ndipo amasewera wothandiza kusintha mbali.
5. Padzakhala thovu pamwamba pa matope ndi fluidity yoposa 250mm, koma gulu lopanda kanthu popanda cellulose ether nthawi zambiri alibe thovu kapena thovu laling'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti cellulose ether ili ndi mpweya wina. mphamvu ndi kupangitsa slurry viscous. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope omwe ali ndi madzi ochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya wa mpweya uyandame chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa slurry, koma umasungidwa mumatope, ndipo mphamvu zake pa mphamvu sizingatheke. kunyalanyazidwa.
Mutu 4 Zotsatira za Cellulose Ethers pa Mechanical Properties of Mortar
Mutu wapitawo anaphunzira zotsatira za ophatikizana ntchito mapadi efa ndi zosiyanasiyana mchere admixtures pa fluidity wa slurry woyera ndi mkulu fluidity matope. Mutuwu makamaka ukusanthula kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kophatikizana kwa cellulose ether ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana pamatope apamwamba amadzimadzi Ndi chikoka cha mphamvu yopondereza ndi yosunthika ya matope omangira, komanso ubale wapakati pamphamvu yomangirira ya matope omangira ndi cellulose ether ndi mineral. admixtures nawonso mwachidule ndi kusanthula.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ntchito ya mapadi etere kuti zinthu simenti zochokera phala koyera ndi matope mu Mutu 3, mu mbali ya mayeso mphamvu, zili mapadi etere ndi 0,1%.
4.1 Mayeso okakamiza komanso osinthika amphamvu yamadzimadzi ambiri
Mphamvu zophatikizika ndi zosinthika zama mineral admixtures ndi cellulose ethers mumtondo wothira wamadzimadzi kwambiri adafufuzidwa.
4.1.1 Mayeso a chikoka pa matope ophatikizika komanso osinthika a simenti yopangidwa ndi simenti yayikulu
Zotsatira za mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers pa compressive ndi flexural properties of pure simenti-based high-fluid mortar pazaka zosiyanasiyana pazitsulo zokhazikika za 0,1% zinachitikira pano.
Kusanthula kwamphamvu koyambirira: Pankhani ya mphamvu yosinthika, CMC ili ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira, pomwe HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zina zochepetsera; ponena za mphamvu yopondereza, kuphatikizidwa kwa cellulose ether kuli ndi lamulo lofanana ndi mphamvu yosinthasintha; kukhuthala kwa HPMC kumakhudza mphamvu ziwiri. Zili ndi zotsatira zochepa: potengera kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika, ma ether onse atatu a cellulose amatha kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa matope. Pakati pawo, HPMC yokhala ndi mamasukidwe a 150,000 imakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso oyerekeza mphamvu za masiku asanu ndi awiri
Kusanthula mphamvu za masiku asanu ndi awiri: Pankhani ya mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu yopondereza, pali lamulo lofanana ndi mphamvu ya masiku atatu. Poyerekeza ndi kupanikizika kwa masiku atatu, pali kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mphamvu yopinda. Komabe, kuyerekezera kwa deta ya nthawi yomweyi kungathe kuona zotsatira za HPMC pa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kuponderezana. zoonekeratu.
(3) Masiku makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu zotsatira zoyerekeza mphamvu
Kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa masiku makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu: Pankhani ya mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu yopondereza, pali malamulo ofanana ndi mphamvu ya masiku atatu. Mphamvu ya flexural imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza imakulabe mpaka kufika pamlingo wina. Kuyerekeza kwanthawi yazaka zomwezo kukuwonetsa kuti HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana.
Malingana ndi kuyesedwa kwa mphamvu kwa gawoli, zikuwoneka kuti kuwongolera kwa brittleness ya matope kumachepa ndi CMC, ndipo nthawi zina chiŵerengero cha compression-to-fold chimawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope awonongeke kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, popeza mphamvu yosungira madzi imakhala yochuluka kuposa ya HPMC, ether ya cellulose yomwe timayiganizira poyesa mphamvu pano ndi HPMC ya ma viscosity awiri. Ngakhale kuti HPMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zina zochepetsera mphamvu (makamaka mphamvu zoyambirira), ndizopindulitsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha compression-refraction, chomwe chimapindulitsa ku kulimba kwa matope. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzi mu Chaputala 3, pophunzira kuphatikizika kwa ma admixtures ndi CE Poyesa zotsatira zake, tidzagwiritsa ntchito HPMC (100,000) ngati CE yofananira.
4.1.2 Chikoka mayeso a compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya mineral admixture high fluidity mortar
Malinga ndi mayeso a fluidity wa koyera slurry ndi matope wothira admixtures m'mutu yapita, tingaone kuti fluidity wa silika fume mwachionekere linasokonekera chifukwa lalikulu kufunika madzi, ngakhale kuti theoretically kusintha kachulukidwe ndi mphamvu kuti. pamlingo wakutiwakuti. , makamaka mphamvu yopondereza, koma n'zosavuta kuchititsa kuti chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi pindani chikhale chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matope a brittleness akhale odabwitsa, ndipo ndizogwirizana kuti silika fume imawonjezera kuchepa kwa matope. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafupa amtundu wa coarse aggregate, mtengo wa shrinkage wa matope ndi waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi konkire. Pamatope (makamaka matope apadera monga matope omangira ndi pulasitala), chovulaza chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuchepa. Kwa ming'alu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kutaya madzi, mphamvu nthawi zambiri sizinthu zofunika kwambiri. Choncho, silika fume anatayidwa monga admixture, ndi ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere ufa anagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza zotsatira zake gulu zotsatira ndi mapadi ether pa mphamvu.
4.1.2.1 Compressive and flexural strength test scheme of high fluidity mortar
Pakuyesa uku, gawo la matope mu 4.1.1 linagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zidakhazikika pa 0.1% ndikuyerekeza ndi gulu lopanda kanthu. Mlingo wa mayeso admixture ndi 0%, 10%, 20% ndi 30%.
4.1.2.2 Zotsatira zoyezetsa zolimbitsa thupi komanso zosinthasintha komanso kusanthula matope apamwamba
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pakuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kuti mphamvu yopondereza ya 3d mutawonjezera HPMC ili pafupi 5/VIPa kutsika kuposa ya gulu lopanda kanthu. Kawirikawiri, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza komwe kumawonjezeredwa, mphamvu yopondereza imasonyeza kuchepa. . Pankhani ya admixtures, mphamvu ya gulu la mchere la ufa wopanda HPMC ndilopambana, pamene mphamvu ya gulu la ntchentche phulusa ndi yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi gulu la mchere wa mchere, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mchere wa mchere siwogwira ntchito ngati simenti. ndipo kuphatikizidwa kwake kudzachepetsa pang'ono mphamvu zoyambirira za dongosolo. Phulusa la ntchentche lokhala ndi ntchito zochepa limachepetsa mphamvu mwachiwonekere. Chifukwa kusanthula ayenera kuti ntchentche phulusa makamaka nawo yachiwiri hydration ya simenti, ndipo si kumathandiza kwambiri oyambirira mphamvu ya matope.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku flexural test test values kuti HPMC ikadali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mphamvu ya flexural, koma pamene zomwe zili mu admixture zimakhala zapamwamba, chodabwitsa chochepetsera mphamvu zowonongeka sichidziwikiratu. Chifukwa chikhoza kukhala zotsatira za kusunga madzi kwa HPMC. Kutayika kwa madzi pamwamba pa chipika choyesera matope kumachepetsedwa, ndipo madzi a hydration ndi okwanira.
Pankhani ya ma admixtures, mphamvu ya flexural imasonyeza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zosakanikirana, ndipo mphamvu ya flexural ya gulu la mchere wa ufa ndilokulirapo pang'ono kuposa gulu la ntchentche phulusa, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ntchito ya mchere ufa ndi chachikulu kuposa phulusa la ntchentche.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamtengo wowerengeka wa chiŵerengero chochepetsera kuponderezana kuti kuwonjezera kwa HPMC kudzachepetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kuponderezedwa ndikuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa matope, koma kwenikweni ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopondereza.
Pankhani ya admixtures, monga kuchuluka kwa admixture ukuwonjezeka, psinjika-khola chiŵerengero amakonda kuwonjezeka, kusonyeza kuti admixture si yabwino kusinthasintha kwa matope. Komanso, zitha kupezeka kuti psinjika-khola chiŵerengero cha matope popanda HPMC kuwonjezeka ndi Kuwonjezera admixture. Kuwonjezekako kumakhala kokulirapo pang'ono, ndiye kuti, HPMC imatha kuwongolera matope opangidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa zosakaniza kumlingo wina.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti chifukwa cha mphamvu yopondereza ya 7d, zotsatira zoipa za admixtures sizikuwonekeranso. Miyezo yamphamvu yopondereza imakhala yofanana pamlingo uliwonse wophatikizika, ndipo HPMC ikadali ndi vuto lodziwikiratu pamphamvu yokakamiza. zotsatira.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti pokhudzana ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, kusakaniza kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa 7d flexural resistance lonse, ndipo gulu lokha la mineral powders linachita bwino, makamaka losungidwa pa 11-12MPa.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti admixture ali ndi zotsatira zoipa ponena za chiwerengero cha indentation. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa admixture, chiwerengero cha indentation chimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndiko kuti, matope ndi brittle. HPMC mwachiwonekere ikhoza kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndikuwongolera kuphulika kwamatope.
Zitha kuwonedwa kuti kuchokera ku 28d compressive mphamvu, kusakaniza kwakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri pa mphamvu yapambuyo pake, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza yawonjezeka ndi 3-5MPa, yomwe makamaka chifukwa cha kudzazidwa kwa micro-admixture. ndi pozzolanic zinthu. Mphamvu yachiwiri ya hydration ya zinthuzo, kumbali imodzi, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwononga calcium hydroxide yopangidwa ndi simenti ya simenti (calcium hydroxide ndi gawo lofooka mumatope, ndipo kulemeretsa kwake mu zone yosinthira mawonekedwe kumawononga mphamvu), kutulutsa zambiri Zopangira za hydration, Komano, zimalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa simenti ya hydration ndikupangitsa kuti matopewo akhale owundana. HPMC ikadali ndi vuto lalikulu pa mphamvu yopondereza, ndipo mphamvu yofowoka imatha kufika kupitilira 10MPa. Kusanthula zifukwa, HPMC imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa thovu la mpweya munjira yosakaniza matope, zomwe zimachepetsa kuphatikizika kwa thupi lamatope. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi. HPMC mosavuta adsorbed padziko olimba particles kupanga filimu, kulepheretsa hydration ndondomeko, ndi mawonekedwe kusintha zone ndi chofooka, amene si abwino mphamvu.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti ponena za 28d flexural mphamvu, deta ili ndi kufalikira kwakukulu kuposa mphamvu yopondereza, koma zotsatira zoipa za HPMC zikhoza kuwonekabe.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti, potengera kuchuluka kwa kutsitsa-kuchepetsa, HPMC nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindulitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana ndikuwongolera kulimba kwa matope. Mu gulu limodzi, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa admixtures, psinjika-refraction chiŵerengero kumawonjezeka. Kuwunika pazifukwa kumasonyeza kuti kusakaniza kumakhala ndi kusintha koonekeratu mu mphamvu yopondereza pambuyo pake, koma kusintha kochepa mu mphamvu yosinthika pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero cha psinjika-refraction. kusintha.
4.2 Mayesero okakamiza komanso osinthasintha amatope omangika
Pofuna kufufuza chikoka cha cellulose ether ndi admixture pa compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope matope, kuyesera anakonza zili mapadi etere HPMC (kukhuthala kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe 100,000) monga 0,30% youma kulemera kwa matope. ndipo poyerekeza ndi gulu lopanda kanthu.
Zosakaniza (zouluka phulusa ndi ufa wa slag) zimayesedwabe pa 0%, 10%, 20%, ndi 30%.
4.2.1 Compressive and flexural strength test scheme of bonded mortar
4.2.2 Zotsatira za mayeso ndi kusanthula mphamvu ya compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope bonded
Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera kukuyesera kuti HPMC mwachiwonekere ili yosavomerezeka malinga ndi mphamvu ya 28d yopondereza ya matope omangirira, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti mphamvuyo ichepe ndi pafupifupi 5MPa, koma chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuweruza khalidwe la matope omangirira siwo. compressive mphamvu, kotero izo ndi zovomerezeka; Pamene zomwe zili pawiri ndi 20%, mphamvu yopondereza imakhala yabwino.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti kuchokera ku mphamvu yosinthika, kuchepetsa mphamvu komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi HPMC sikuli kwakukulu. Zitha kukhala kuti matope omangirira amakhala ndi madzi ocheperako komanso mawonekedwe apulasitiki owoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi matope amadzi ambiri. Zotsatira zabwino za kuterera ndi kusunga madzi bwino zimathetsa zovuta zina zobwera chifukwa cha kuyambitsa mpweya kuti muchepetse kuphatikizika ndi kufooka kwa mawonekedwe; admixtures alibe zotsatira zoonekeratu pa mphamvu flexural, ndi deta ya ntchentche phulusa gulu zimasinthasintha pang'ono.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zoyesera zomwe, ponena za chiwerengero cha kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kawirikawiri, kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zosakanikirana kumawonjezera kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kupanikizika, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kulimba kwa matope; HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa O. 5 pamwambapa, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa kuti, molingana ndi "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", nthawi zambiri palibe chofunikira. kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana-kupinda mu chiwerengero chodziwikiratu cha matope omangira, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa matope opaka, ndipo ndondomekoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidziwitso cha kusinthasintha kwa mgwirizano. matope.
4.3 Kuyesa Kwamphamvu kwa Bonding kwa Bonding Mortar
Kuti mufufuze chikoka lamulo la kaphatikizidwe kaphatikizidwe ka cellulose ether ndi kuphatikiza pa mphamvu ya bondi ya matope omangika, tchulani "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" ndi "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation System", tinachita mayeso a mphamvu zomangira za matope omangika, pogwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha matope ogwirizana mu Table 4.2.1, ndi kukonza zomwe zili mu cellulose etha HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ku 0 ya kulemera kouma kwa matope .30% , ndi kuyerekeza ndi gulu lopanda kanthu.
Zosakaniza (zouluka phulusa ndi ufa wa slag) zimayesedwabe pa 0%, 10%, 20%, ndi 30%.
4.3.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha mphamvu ya bond ya bond mortar
4.3.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika mphamvu ya bond ya bond mortar
(1) 14d zotsatira zoyesa mphamvu za bond za matope omangira ndi matope a simenti
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti magulu omwe adawonjezeredwa ndi HPMC ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa gulu lopanda kanthu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti HPMC imapindulitsa ku mphamvu yolumikizirana, makamaka chifukwa chosungira madzi cha HPMC chimateteza madzi pamawonekedwe olumikizana pakati pa matope ndi matope. chipika choyesera matope a simenti. Mtondo womangirira pamawonekedwewo uli ndi hydrated mokwanira, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu yomangira.
Pankhani ya admixtures, mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndi yokwera kwambiri pa mlingo wa 10%, ndipo ngakhale kuti digiri ya hydration ndi liwiro la simenti ikhoza kusinthidwa pa mlingo waukulu, zingayambitse kuchepa kwa hydration digiri ya simenti. zakuthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kumamatira. kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mfundo.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti potengera mtengo wa mayeso a nthawi yogwira ntchito, deta imakhala yosiyana, ndipo kusakaniza kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa, koma kawirikawiri, poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yoyambirira, pali kuchepa kwina, ndipo kuchepa kwa HPMC ndi kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi gulu lopanda kanthu, kusonyeza kuti Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kusungirako madzi kwa HPMC kumapindulitsa kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa madzi, kotero kuti kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya matope kumachepa pambuyo pa 2.5h.
(2) 14d chomangira mphamvu mayeso zotsatira za matope matope ndi wowonjezera polystyrene bolodi
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti mtengo woyesera wa mphamvu ya mgwirizano pakati pa matope omangirira ndi bolodi la polystyrene ndizosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zitha kuwoneka kuti gulu losakanizidwa ndi HPMC ndilothandiza kwambiri kuposa gulu lopanda kanthu chifukwa chosunga madzi bwino. Chabwino, kuphatikizidwa kwa zosakaniza kumachepetsa kukhazikika kwa mayeso a mphamvu ya bond.
4.4 Chidule Chachidule
1. Kwa matope apamwamba, ndi kukula kwa msinkhu, chiŵerengero cha compressive-fold ratio chimakhala chokwera; kuphatikizidwa kwa HPMC kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu zochepetsera mphamvu (kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopondereza kumakhala koonekeratu), zomwe zimabweretsanso Kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana, ndiko kuti, HPMC ili ndi chithandizo chodziwikiratu pakuwongolera kulimba kwamatope. . Pankhani ya mphamvu ya masiku atatu, phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wa mchere ukhoza kuthandizira pang'ono ku mphamvu pa 10%, pamene mphamvu imachepa pa mlingo waukulu, ndipo chiŵerengero chophwanyidwa chikuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mchere wa admixtures; mu mphamvu ya masiku asanu ndi awiri, The admixtures awiri ali ndi zotsatira zochepa pa mphamvu, koma zotsatira zonse za ntchentche phulusa mphamvu kuchepetsa akadali zoonekeratu; ponena za mphamvu ya masiku a 28, zosakaniza ziwirizi zathandizira ku mphamvu, kukakamiza komanso kusinthasintha. Onsewo adawonjezedwa pang'ono, koma chiŵerengero cha kukakamiza chikuwonjezekabe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili.
2. Kwa 28d compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope omangika, pamene admixture okhutira ndi 20%, compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ntchito bwino, ndi admixture akadali kuchititsa kuwonjezeka pang'ono mu compressive-khola chiŵerengero, kusonyeza Choipa. zotsatira pa kulimba kwa matope; HPMC imabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, koma imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiŵerengero cha compression-to-fold.
3. Ponena za mphamvu ya chomangira cha matope omangika, HPMC ili ndi chikoka china chabwino pa mphamvu ya chomangira. Kusanthula kuyenera kukhala kuti mphamvu yake yosungira madzi imachepetsa kutayika kwa chinyezi chamatope ndikuwonetsetsa kuti hydration yokwanira; Ubale pakati pa osakaniza si nthawi zonse, ndipo ntchito yonse bwino ndi simenti matope pamene zili 10%.
Mutu 5 Njira Yolosera Mphamvu Yoponderezedwa ya Tondo ndi Konkire
M'mutu uno, njira yodziwira mphamvu ya zinthu zopangira simenti potengera coefficient ya ntchito ya admixture ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya FERET. Poyamba timaganiza za matope ngati konkriti yamtundu wapadera wopanda zophatikizika.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mphamvu yopondereza ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pazida zopangira simenti (konkire ndi matope) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamapangidwe. Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zokopa, palibe masamu omwe anganene molondola kukula kwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina pakupanga, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matope ndi konkriti. Zitsanzo zomwe zilipo za mphamvu za konkire zili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zawo: ena amaneneratu mphamvu ya konkire kudzera mu porosity ya konkire kuchokera kumalo odziwika bwino a porosity ya zipangizo zolimba; zina zimayang'ana pa chikoka cha chiŵerengero cha madzi-binder pa mphamvu. Pepalali makamaka limaphatikiza coefficient ya pozzolanic admixture ndi nthanthi ya mphamvu ya Feret, ndipo imapanga zosintha zina kuti zikhale zolondola kwambiri kuneneratu mphamvu yopondereza.
5.1 Chiphunzitso Champhamvu cha Feret
Mu 1892, Feret anakhazikitsa chitsanzo choyambirira cha masamu cholosera mphamvu zopondereza. Pansi pamalingaliro azinthu zopangira konkriti, chilinganizo cholosera mphamvu za konkriti chikuperekedwa koyamba.
Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ndende ya grout, yomwe imagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya konkire, imakhala ndi tanthauzo lodziwika bwino la thupi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu ya mpweya imaganiziridwa, ndipo kulondola kwa ndondomekoyi kungathe kutsimikiziridwa mwakuthupi. Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi ndikuti imasonyeza chidziwitso kuti pali malire a mphamvu ya konkire yomwe ingapezeke. The sangathe ndi kuti amanyalanyaza chikoka cha akaphatikiza tinthu kukula, tinthu mawonekedwe ndi akaphatikiza mtundu. Polosera za mphamvu ya konkire pazaka zosiyanasiyana posintha mtengo wa K, mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu ndi zaka zosiyana zimasonyezedwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa chiyambi chogwirizanitsa. Kupindika sikumagwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili (makamaka pamene msinkhu uli wautali). Zachidziwikire, njira iyi yopangidwa ndi Feret idapangidwira matope a 10.20MPa. Sizingagwirizane mokwanira ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya konkire ya konkire ndi mphamvu yowonjezera zigawo chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa luso lamakono la konkire.
Pano amaonedwa kuti mphamvu ya konkire (makamaka konkire wamba) makamaka zimadalira mphamvu ya matope simenti mu konkire, ndi mphamvu ya simenti matope amadalira kachulukidwe wa phala simenti, ndiko kuti, voliyumu kuchuluka. za zinthu za simenti mu phala.
Chiphunzitsochi chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi zotsatira za void ratio factor pa mphamvu. Komabe, chifukwa chiphunzitsocho chinaperekedwa kale, chikoka cha zigawo za admixture pa mphamvu ya konkire sichinaganizidwe. Poganizira izi, pepalali liwonetsa mphamvu ya admixture coefficient potengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito kuti ikonzedwe pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, pamaziko a chilinganizo ichi, chikoka cha porosity pa mphamvu ya konkire chimamangidwanso.
5.2 Coefficient ya ntchito
Coefficient ya ntchito, Kp, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza zotsatira za zinthu za pozzolanic pa mphamvu yopondereza. Mwachiwonekere, zimadalira chikhalidwe cha zinthu za pozzolanic zokha, komanso zaka za konkire. Mfundo yodziwira coefficient ya ntchito ndikuyerekeza mphamvu yopondereza ya matope okhazikika ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya matope ena okhala ndi pozzolanic admixtures ndikusintha simentiyo ndi mtundu womwewo wa simenti (dziko p ndiye kuyesa koyezera ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito surrogate). maperesenti). Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ziwirizi chimatchedwa ntchito coefficient fO), pamene t ndi zaka za matope panthawi yoyesedwa. Ngati fO) ndi ochepera 1, ntchito ya pozzolan ndi yocheperako kuposa simenti R. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati fO) ndi yaikulu kuposa 1, pozzolan imakhala ndi reactivity yapamwamba (izi zimachitika pamene silika fume yawonjezedwa).
Pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamasiku 28 amphamvu, malinga ndi ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated kuphulika ng'anjo ya slag ufa wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu simenti ndi konkire) H90, gawo la ntchito ya granulated blast ng'anjo ya slag ufa uli mumatope a simenti zopezedwa m'malo 50% simenti pamaziko a mayeso molingana ((GBT1596.2005 Ntchentche phulusa ntchito simenti ndi konkire), coefficient ntchito ntchentche phulusa analandira pambuyo m'malo 30% simenti pamaziko a muyezo simenti matope; mayeso Malinga "GB.T27690.2011 Silika Fume kwa Tondo ndi Konkire", ntchito kokwanira wa silika fume ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu analandira m'malo 10% simenti pamaziko a muyezo simenti matope mayeso.
Nthawi zambiri, granulated blast ng'anjo slag ufa Kp=0.95～1.10, ntchentche phulusa Kp=0.7-1.05, silika fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Timaganiza kuti zotsatira zake pa mphamvu sizidalira simenti. Ndiko kuti, limagwirira wa pozzolanic anachita ayenera kulamulidwa ndi reactivity wa pozzolan, osati ndi laimu mpweya mlingo wa simenti hydration.
5.3 Yambitsani coefficient of admixture pa mphamvu
5.4 Kutengera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa pa mphamvu
5.5 Yambitsani kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu
Malinga ndi maganizo a aphunzitsi PK Mehta ndi PC Aitcin mu United States, kuti tikwaniritse workability bwino ndi mphamvu katundu HPC pa nthawi yomweyo, voliyumu chiŵerengero cha simenti slurry kuti akaphatikiza ayenera 35:65 [4810] Chifukwa za plasticity ambiri ndi fluidity Chiwerengero chonse cha konkriti sichimasintha kwambiri. Malingana ngati mphamvu ya aggregate base material yokha ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomekoyi, chikoka cha kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mphamvu chimanyalanyazidwa, ndipo gawo lonse la gawoli likhoza kutsimikiziridwa mkati mwa 60-70% malinga ndi zofunikira za slump. .
Amakhulupirira kuti chiŵerengero cha coarse ndi chabwino aggregates chidzakhala ndi chikoka pa mphamvu ya konkire. Monga tonse tikudziwa, gawo lofooka kwambiri mu konkriti ndi gawo losinthira mawonekedwe pakati pa simenti ndi phala la simenti. Choncho, kulephera komaliza kwa konkire wamba ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa malo osinthira mawonekedwe pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo chifukwa cha zinthu monga katundu kapena kusintha kwa kutentha. chifukwa cha kukula kosalekeza kwa ming'alu. Choncho, pamene mlingo wa hydration uli wofanana, kukula kwa mawonekedwe osinthira mawonekedwe kumakhala kosavuta, mng'alu woyambirira umayamba kukhala wautali kupyolera mu mng'alu pambuyo pa kupsinjika maganizo. Ndiko kunena kuti, ma aggregates owoneka bwino kwambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe a geometric wokhazikika komanso masikelo akulu mu gawo losinthira mawonekedwe, m'pamenenso kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ming'alu yoyambira, ndi macroscopically kuwonetseredwa kuti mphamvu ya konkire imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa coarse aggregate. chiŵerengero. kuchepetsedwa. Komabe, mfundo yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yakuti imafunika kukhala mchenga wapakati wokhala ndi matope ochepa kwambiri.
Mchenga umakhalanso ndi chikoka pa kugwa. Choncho, mlingo wa mchenga akhoza preset ndi zofunika kugwa, ndipo angadziŵike mkati 32% kuti 46% kwa konkire wamba.
Kuchuluka ndi zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza ndi mchere admixtures zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero mix. Mu konkire wamba, kuchuluka kwa mchere wosakanikirana kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 40%, pomwe konkire yamphamvu kwambiri, utsi wa silika suyenera kupitirira 10%. Kuchuluka kwa simenti sikuyenera kupitirira 500kg/m3.
5.6 Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera iyi potsogolera chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsera kosakanikirana
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izi:
Simenti ndi E042.5 simenti yopangidwa ndi Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, Province la Shandong, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 3.19 / cm3;
Ntchentche phulusa ndi kalasi II mpira phulusa lopangidwa ndi Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, ndipo ntchito yake coefficient ndi O. 828, kachulukidwe ake ndi 2.59/cm3;
Utsi wa silika wopangidwa ndi Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. uli ndi coefficient ya 1.10 ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.59/cm3;
Mchenga wa mtsinje wouma wa Taian uli ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.6 g/cm3, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka 1480kg/m3, ndi fineness modulus ya Mx=2.8;
Jinan Ganggou amatulutsa mwala wophwanyidwa wouma wa 5-'25mm wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za 1500kg/m3 ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 2.7∥cm3;
Mankhwala ochepetsera madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amapanga aliphatic apamwamba kwambiri ochepetsera madzi, omwe ali ndi madzi ochepetsera 20%; Mlingo weniweni umatsimikiziridwa moyesera molingana ndi zofunikira za slump. Kukonzekera koyeserera kwa C30 konkire, kutsika kumafunika kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 90mm.
1. kupanga mphamvu
2. mchenga khalidwe
3. Kutsimikiza kwa Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kulimba Kulikonse
4. Pemphani kumwa madzi
5. Mlingo wa mankhwala ochepetsa madzi amasinthidwa malinga ndi kufunikira kwa slump. Mlingo ndi 1%, ndipo Ma = 4kg amawonjezeredwa ku misa.
6. Mwanjira iyi, chiŵerengero chowerengera chimapezeka
7. Pambuyo poyesa kusakaniza, ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za slump. Mphamvu yopondereza ya 28d ndi 39.32MPa, yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira.
5.7 Chidule Chachidule
Pankhani yonyalanyaza kuyanjana kwa ma admixtures I ndi F, takambirana za coefficient ya ntchito ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret, ndikupeza chikoka cha zinthu zingapo pa mphamvu ya konkire:
1 konkire admixture amakhudza koyefiyanti
2 Yambitsani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa
3 Yambitsani coefficient of aggregate composition
4 Kuyerekezera kwenikweni. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti njira yolosera mphamvu ya 28d ya konkire yowongoleredwa ndi coefficient ya ntchito ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret ikugwirizana bwino ndi momwe zilili, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsogolera kukonza matope ndi konkire.
Mutu 6 Kumaliza ndi Chiyembekezo
6.1 Zotsatira zazikulu
Gawo loyamba limafanizira mozama kuyesa koyera komanso kutsekemera kwamatope kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere yosakanikirana ndi mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ether, ndipo imapeza malamulo akulu awa:
1. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi zina zochedwetsa komanso zopatsa mpweya. Pakati pawo, CMC ili ndi mphamvu yosungira madzi yofooka pa mlingo wochepa, ndipo imakhala ndi kutaya kwina kwa nthawi; pamene HPMC imakhala ndi kusungirako madzi kwakukulu ndi kukhuthala, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri madzi amtundu wa zamkati ndi matope, ndipo The thickening zotsatira za HPMC ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kwadzina kumawonekera pang'ono.
2. Pakati pa zosakaniza, madzi oyambirira ndi theka la ola la ntchentche phulusa pa slurry yoyera ndi matope asinthidwa pamlingo wina. The 30% zili zoyera slurry mayeso akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi za 30mm; fluidity ya mchere ufa pa slurry woyera ndi matope Palibe lamulo lodziwikiratu la chikoka; ngakhale zili mu silika fume ndi otsika, wapadera kopitilira muyeso-fineness, kufulumira kuchitapo, ndi adsorption amphamvu zimapangitsa izo kukhala ndi zotsatira kuchepetsa kwambiri pa fluidity woyera slurry ndi matope, makamaka ngati wosakanikirana ndi 0.15 Pamene% HPMC, padzakhala chodabwitsa kuti chulucho kufa sangathe kudzazidwa. Poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso a slurry oyera, amapezeka kuti zotsatira za admixture mu mayeso a matope zimakhala zofooka. Pankhani ya kulamulira magazi, ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere ufa si zoonekeratu. Utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magazi, koma sikuthandiza kuchepetsa kutaya kwamatope ndi kutaya kwa nthawi, ndipo n'zosavuta kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
3. Pazosintha zosiyanasiyana za kusintha kwa mlingo, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza madzi a simenti-based slurry, mlingo wa HPMC ndi silika fume ndizozikuluzikulu, poyang'anira kutuluka kwa magazi ndi kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndizowonekeratu. Mphamvu ya phulusa la malasha ndi mchere wa mchere ndi yachiwiri ndipo imagwira ntchito yothandiza.
4. Mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thovu zisefukire pamwamba pa slurry yoyera. Komabe, pamene zili HPMC kufika oposa 0,1%, chifukwa mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe a slurry, thovu sangathe kusungidwa mu slurry. kusefukira. Padzakhala thovu padziko matope ndi fluidity pamwamba 250ram, koma akusowekapo gulu popanda cellulose efa zambiri alibe thovu kapena thovu ochepa kwambiri, kusonyeza kuti mapadi efa ali ndi ena mpweya-entraining zotsatira ndipo kumapangitsa slurry. viscous. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope omwe ali ndi madzi ochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya wa mpweya uyandame chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa slurry, koma umasungidwa mumatope, ndipo mphamvu zake pa mphamvu sizingatheke. kunyalanyazidwa.
Gawo lachiwiri la Mortar Mechanical Properties
1. Kwa matope apamwamba, ndi kukula kwa msinkhu, chiŵerengero chophwanyidwa chimakhala chokwera; Kuwonjezera kwa HPMC kumakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu zochepetsera mphamvu (kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopondereza kumakhala koonekeratu), zomwe zimabweretsanso kuphwanya Kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero, ndiko kuti, HPMC ili ndi chithandizo chodziwikiratu kuti chiwongolere kulimba kwamatope. Pankhani ya mphamvu ya masiku atatu, phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wa mchere ukhoza kuthandizira pang'ono ku mphamvu pa 10%, pamene mphamvu imachepa pa mlingo waukulu, ndipo chiŵerengero chophwanyidwa chikuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mchere wa admixtures; mu mphamvu ya masiku asanu ndi awiri, The admixtures awiri ali ndi zotsatira zochepa pa mphamvu, koma zotsatira zonse za ntchentche phulusa mphamvu kuchepetsa akadali zoonekeratu; ponena za mphamvu ya masiku a 28, zosakaniza ziwirizi zathandizira ku mphamvu, kukakamiza komanso kusinthasintha. Onsewo adawonjezedwa pang'ono, koma chiŵerengero cha kukakamiza chikuwonjezekabe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili.
2. Kwa 28d compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope omangika, pamene osakaniza okhutira ndi 20%, mphamvu ya compressive ndi flexural ndi yabwino, ndipo kusakaniza kumatsogolerabe kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa chiŵerengero cha compressive-to-fold, kuwonetsera zotsatira pa matope. Zotsatira zoyipa za kulimba; HPMC kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu.
3. Ponena za mphamvu ya chomangira cha matope omangika, HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mphamvu ya mgwirizano. Kusanthula kuyenera kukhala kuti kusungirako madzi kumachepetsa kutayika kwa madzi mumtondo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti hydration yokwanira. Mphamvu ya mgwirizano imagwirizana ndi admixture. Ubale pakati pa mlingo suli wokhazikika, ndipo magwiridwe antchito onse amakhala bwino ndi matope a simenti pomwe mlingo ndi 10%.
4. CMC si yoyenera zipangizo za simenti zopangira simenti, zotsatira zake zosungira madzi sizikuwonekera, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimapangitsa kuti matope awonongeke; pomwe HPMC imatha kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi pindani ndikuwongolera kulimba kwa matope, koma ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.
5. Zofunikira zamadzimadzi ndi mphamvu, HPMC zili ndi 0.1% ndizoyenera kwambiri. Pamene ntchentche phulusa ntchito structural kapena kulimbikitsa matope kuti amafuna mofulumira kuumitsa ndi mphamvu oyambirira, mlingo sayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri, ndipo pazipita mlingo ndi pafupifupi 10%. Zofunikira; poganizira zinthu monga kusakhazikika kwa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa ufa ndi silika fume, ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 10% ndi n 3% motsatira. Zotsatira za admixtures ndi cellulose ethers sizigwirizana kwambiri, ndi
kukhala ndi zotsatira zodziimira.
Gawo lachitatu Pankhani ya kunyalanyaza kuyanjana pakati pa admixtures, kupyolera mu zokambirana za coefficient ya ntchito ya mineral admixtures ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret, chikoka cha lamulo la zinthu zambiri pa mphamvu ya konkire (matope) imapezeka:
1. Mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya madzi
3. Chikoka pakupanga aggregate
4. Kuyerekeza kwenikweni kumasonyeza kuti njira yolosera mphamvu ya 28d ya konkire yokonzedwa bwino ndi coefficient ya ntchito ndi mphamvu ya Feret mphamvu imagwirizana bwino ndi momwe zinthu zilili, ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsogolera kukonzekera matope ndi konkire.
6.2 Zofooka ndi Zomwe Zingatheke
Pepalali makamaka limaphunzira za fluidity ndi makina amakina a phala loyera ndi matope a binary cementitious system. Zotsatira ndi chikoka cha machitidwe ophatikizana azinthu zambiri za simenti ziyenera kuphunziridwanso. Munjira yoyesera, kusasinthika kwamatope ndi stratification zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira za cellulose ether pa kusasinthika ndi kusunga madzi mumatope amawerengedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether. Komanso, microstructure wa matope pansi pa pawiri zochita za cellulose ether ndi mchere admixture nawonso ayenera kuphunzira.
Ma cellulose ether tsopano ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zophatikizira mumatope osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake zabwino zosungira madzi zimatalikitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matope, zimapangitsa kuti matope akhale ndi thixotropy wabwino, komanso amathandizira kulimba kwa matope. Ndi yabwino yomanga; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wa mchere monga zinyalala zamafakitale mumatope zimathanso kupanga phindu lalikulu pazachuma ndi chilengedwe
Mutu 1 Mau oyamba
1.1 matope azinthu
1.1.1 Kuyambitsa matope amalonda
Mu dziko langa zomangira makampani, konkire akwaniritsa digiri mkulu wa malonda, ndi malonda a matope amakhalanso apamwamba ndi apamwamba, makamaka matope osiyanasiyana apadera, opanga ndi luso apamwamba luso chofunika kuonetsetsa matope osiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito ndizoyenerera. Mtondo wamalonda umagawidwa m'magulu awiri: matope osakaniza okonzeka ndi matope owuma. Mtondo wokonzedwa bwino umatanthawuza kuti matope amatengedwa kupita kumalo omanga atasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndi wogulitsa pasadakhale malinga ndi zofunikira za polojekitiyi, pamene matope osakaniza owuma amapangidwa ndi wopanga matope ndi kusakaniza kowuma ndi kuyika zipangizo za simenti, aggregates ndi zowonjezera malinga ndi chiŵerengero china. Onjezerani madzi enaake kumalo omanga ndikusakaniza musanagwiritse ntchito.
Dothi lachikhalidwe lili ndi zofooka zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchita. Mwachitsanzo, kutukuka kwa zida zopangira ndi kusakaniza pamalowo sikungakwaniritse zofunikira pakumanga mwachitukuko komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chamikhalidwe yomanga pamalopo ndi zifukwa zina, ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti matope azikhala ovuta kutsimikizira, ndipo ndizosatheka kupeza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. matope. Poyerekeza ndi matope achikhalidwe, matope amalonda ali ndi ubwino wake woonekeratu. Choyamba, khalidwe lake ndi losavuta kulamulira ndi kutsimikizira, ntchito yake ndi yopambana, mitundu yake imayeretsedwa, ndipo imayang'ana bwino pa zofunikira zaumisiri. Mtondo wosakanizika wa ku Ulaya unapangidwa m’zaka za m’ma 1950, ndipo dziko langa nalonso likulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito matope amalonda. Shanghai yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito matope amalonda mu 2004. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha chitukuko cha mizinda ya dziko langa, makamaka pamsika wakumatauni, zidzakhala zosapeŵeka kuti matope amalonda okhala ndi ubwino wosiyanasiyana adzalowa m'malo mwa matope achikhalidwe.
1.1.2Mavuto omwe alipo mumtondo wamalonda
Ngakhale matope amalonda ali ndi maubwino ambiri kuposa matope achikhalidwe, pali zovuta zambiri zamaukadaulo ngati matope. Mtondo wapamwamba kwambiri, monga matope olimbikitsira, zida zopangira simenti, ndi zina zambiri, zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pamphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito ma superplasticizer ndi kwakukulu, komwe kungayambitse magazi ambiri komanso kukhudza matope. Comprehensive ntchito; ndi matope ena apulasitiki, chifukwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutayika kwa madzi, n'zosavuta kukhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutaya madzi pakapita nthawi yochepa mutatha kusakaniza, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yochepa kwambiri: , chifukwa Pankhani ya matope omangirira, matrix omangira nthawi zambiri amakhala owuma. Panthawi yomanga, chifukwa cha matope osakwanira kuti asunge madzi, madzi ambiri amatengedwa ndi matrix, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi a m'deralo awonongeke ndi matope omangira komanso kusakwanira kwamadzimadzi. Chodabwitsa kuti mphamvu imachepa ndipo mphamvu yomatira imachepa.
Poyankha mafunso omwe ali pamwambawa, chowonjezera chofunikira, cellulose ether, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope. Monga mtundu wa mapadi etherified, mapadi ether ndi kuyanjana kwa madzi, ndi polima pawiri ali kwambiri mayamwidwe madzi ndi madzi posungira mphamvu, amene angathe bwino kuthetsa magazi matope, yochepa ntchito nthawi, kukakamira, etc. osakwanira mfundo mfundo ndi zina zambiri. mavuto.
Komanso, admixtures monga m'malo tsankho simenti, monga ntchentche phulusa, granulated kuphulika ng'anjo slag ufa (mineral ufa), silika fume, etc., tsopano zofunika kwambiri. Tikudziwa kuti zosakaniza zambiri ndi zopangidwa ndi mafakitale monga mphamvu yamagetsi, chitsulo chosungunula, smelting ferrosilicon ndi silicon mafakitale. Ngati sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kusonkhanitsa zosakaniza kudzakhala ndikuwononga malo ambiri ndikuwononga kwambiri. kuwononga chilengedwe. Kumbali ina, ngati zosakaniza zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zina za konkire ndi matope zimatha kusintha, ndipo mavuto ena a uinjiniya pakugwiritsa ntchito konkire ndi matope amatha kuthetsedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zosakaniza kumapindulitsa chilengedwe ndi mafakitale. ndi zopindulitsa.
1.2Ma cellulose ethers
Ma cellulose ether (ma cellulose ether) ndi polima pawiri yokhala ndi ether yopangidwa ndi etherification ya cellulose. Aliyense glucosyl mphete mu mapadi macromolecules lili magulu atatu hydroxyl, chachikulu hydroxyl gulu pa chisanu ndi chimodzi mpweya atomu, yachiwiri hydroxyl gulu pa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu maatomu mpweya, ndi wa haidrojeni mu hydroxyl gulu m'malo ndi hydrocarbon gulu kupanga mapadi ether. zotumphukira. chinthu. Ma cellulose ndi polyhydroxy polima pawiri kuti samasungunuka kapena kusungunuka, koma mapadi amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunula njira ya alkali ndi zosungunulira organic pambuyo pa etherification, ndipo ali ndi thermoplasticity.
Ma cellulose ether amatenga mapadi achilengedwe ngati zida zopangira ndipo amakonzedwa ndikusintha kwamankhwala. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic ndi non-ionic mu mawonekedwe a ionized. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala, mafuta, zomangamanga, mankhwala, zoumba ndi mafakitale ena. .
1.2.1Magulu a cellulose ethers pomanga
Ma cellulose ether pomanga ndi liwu lodziwika bwino lazinthu zingapo zopangidwa ndi momwe alkali cellulose ndi etherifying agent pansi pazifukwa zina. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ethers ya cellulose imatha kupezeka posintha ma cellulose amchere ndi ma etherifying osiyanasiyana.
1. Malingana ndi ionization katundu wa olowa m'malo, cellulose ethers akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi non-ionic (monga methyl cellulose).
2. Malingana ndi mitundu ya zowonjezera, ma cellulose ethers amatha kugawidwa mu ethers imodzi (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ethers osakanikirana (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Malinga ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, amagawidwa m'madzi osungunuka (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent solubility (monga ethyl cellulose), etc. Mtundu waukulu wa ntchito mumatope osakaniza ndi madzi osungunuka a cellulose, pamene madzi. - sungunuka mapadi Iwo anawagawa nthawi yomweyo mtundu ndi kuchedwa kuvunda mtundu pambuyo padziko mankhwala.
1.2.2 Kufotokozera za kachitidwe ka cellulose ether mumatope
Cellulose ether ndi chophatikizira chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kusunga madzi amatope owuma, komanso ndi chimodzi mwazophatikiza zofunikira kudziwa mtengo wazinthu zamatope owuma.
1. Pambuyo pa etha ya cellulose mumatope itasungunuka m'madzi, ntchito yapadera yapamwamba imatsimikizira kuti zinthu za simenti zimabalalika bwino komanso mofananamo mu slurry system, ndi cellulose ether, monga colloid yotetezera, ikhoza "kutsekereza" tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. , filimu yopangira mafuta imapangidwira kunja, ndipo filimu yopaka mafuta imatha kupanga thupi lamatope kukhala ndi thixotropy wabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, voliyumuyo imakhala yokhazikika poyimirira, ndipo sipadzakhala zochitika zoipa monga magazi kapena stratification ya zinthu zowala ndi zolemetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala okhazikika; pamene ali m'boma losokonezeka la zomangamanga, cellulose ether idzathandiza kuchepetsa kumeta kwa slurry. Zotsatira za kukana kosinthika zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala ndi madzi abwino komanso osalala panthawi yomanga panthawi yosakaniza.
2. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a mamolekyu, njira ya cellulose ether imatha kusunga madzi komanso kuti isatayike mosavuta ikasakanizidwa mumatope, ndipo imatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi yayitali, yomwe imatalikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yamatope. ndikupatsanso matope kuti madzi azikhala bwino komanso azigwira ntchito.
1.2.3 Ma etha angapo ofunikira omanga ma cellulose
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Pambuyo pa thonje loyengedwa ndi mankhwala a alkali, methyl chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherifying agent kuti apange cellulose ether kudzera muzochita zingapo. Digiri yolowa m'malo ambiri ndi 1. Kusungunula 2.0, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi kosiyana komanso kusungunuka kumasiyananso. Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Imakonzedwa pochita ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherifying agent pamaso pa acetone pambuyo poti thonje loyengedwa limapangidwa ndi alkali. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.5 mpaka 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mitundu ya cellulose yomwe kutulutsa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake kukuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndi cellulose yopanda ionic yosakaniza ether yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje woyengedwa pambuyo pa mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride monga etherifying agents, komanso kupyolera muzotsatira zingapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.2 mpaka 2.0. Makhalidwe ake amasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa methoxyl ndi hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether imakonzedwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) pambuyo pa mankhwala amchere, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate monga etherifying agent, komanso kudzera muzochita zingapo zochiritsira. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 0.4-d. 4. Kuchita kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mlingo wa kulowetsedwa.
Pakati pawo, mtundu wachitatu ndi wachinayi ndi mitundu iwiri ya cellulose yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera.
1.2.4 Chitukuko Chikhalidwe cha Makampani a Cellulose Ether
Pambuyo pazaka zachitukuko, msika wa cellulose ether m'maiko otukuka wakula kwambiri, ndipo msika m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene udakali pachitukuko, chomwe chidzakhala chiwongolero chachikulu chakukula kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi mtsogolo. Pakali pano, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga ma cellulose ether imaposa matani 1 miliyoni, ndipo ku Europe kuli 35% yazakudya zonse padziko lonse lapansi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Asia ndi North America. Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) ndiye mtundu waukulu wa ogula, womwe umawerengera 56% ya kuchuluka, kutsatiridwa ndi methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), yomwe imawerengera 56% yonse. 25% ndi 12%. Makampani akunja a cellulose ether ndi opikisana kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuphatikizika kwambiri, zotulukazo zimangokhazikika m'makampani akuluakulu angapo, monga Dow Chemical Company ndi Hercules Company ku United States, Akzo Nobel ku Netherlands, Novian ku Finland ndi DAICEL ku Japan, ndi zina zambiri.
dziko langa ndilomwe limapanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso limagula ether ya cellulose, yomwe ikukula chaka chilichonse kuposa 20%. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyambira, pali mabizinesi pafupifupi 50 opanga ma cellulose ether ku China. Kuthekera kopanga kupanga kwamakampani a cellulose ether kwadutsa matani 400,000, ndipo pali mabizinesi pafupifupi 20 okhala ndi matani opitilira 10,000, makamaka omwe amakhala ku Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing ndi Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai ndi malo ena. Mu 2011, mphamvu yopanga CMC yaku China inali pafupifupi matani 300,000. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ma etha apamwamba a cellulose muzamankhwala, chakudya, mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwapakhomo kwazinthu zina zama cellulose ether kupatula CMC kukuchulukirachulukira. Chachikulu, mphamvu ya MC/HPMC ndi pafupifupi matani 120,000, ndipo mphamvu ya HEC ndi pafupifupi matani 20,000. PAC ikadali pagawo la kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ku China. Ndi chitukuko cha minda yayikulu yamafuta akunyanja ndikukula kwa zida zomangira, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, kuchuluka ndi gawo la PAC zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, ndikutulutsa matani opitilira 10,000.
1.3Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether mumatope
Ponena za kafukufuku wa ntchito ya uinjiniya wa cellulose ether m'makampani omanga, akatswiri apanyumba ndi akunja achita kafukufuku wambiri woyesera komanso kusanthula kwamakina.
1.3.1Chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku wakunja pakugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether mumatope
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal ndi ena ku France adanena kuti cellulose ether imakhudza kwambiri kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa matope, ndipo chizindikiro cha structural ndicho chinsinsi, ndipo kulemera kwa maselo ndiko chinsinsi chowongolera kusungirako madzi ndi kusasinthasintha. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa maselo, kupsinjika kwa zokolola kumachepa, kusinthasintha kumawonjezeka, ndipo ntchito yosungira madzi imawonjezeka; m'malo mwake, digiri ya molar m'malo (yokhudzana ndi zomwe zili mu hydroxyethyl kapena hydroxypropyl) imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakusungidwa kwamadzi kwamatope osakaniza owuma. Komabe, ma cellulose ether okhala ndi ma molar otsika olowa m'malo athandizira kusunga madzi.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yokhudza momwe madzi amasungiramo madzi ndikuti ma rheological properties a matope ndi ofunika kwambiri. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa kuti matope osakanizidwa owuma okhala ndi chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha simenti yamadzi ndi zosakaniza, ntchito yosungira madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi kusasinthasintha kwake. Komabe, kwa ena a cellulose ethers, mchitidwewu sizowonekera; Komanso, kwa wowuma ethers, pali chitsanzo chosiyana. Kukhuthala kwa kusakaniza kwatsopano sizomwe zimatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa madzi.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., mothandizidwa ndi pulsed field gradient ndi njira za MRI, adapeza kuti kusamuka kwa chinyezi pamawonekedwe amatope ndi gawo lapansi lopanda unsaturated kumakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa CE. Kutayika kwa madzi kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita za capillary osati kufalikira kwa madzi. Kusamuka kwa chinyontho ndi capillary kumayang'aniridwa ndi kuthamanga kwa micropore substrate, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa micropore ndi Laplace chiphunzitso chapakati pa nkhope, komanso kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti rheological properties za CE aqueous solution ndiye chinsinsi cha kusunga madzi. Komabe, lingaliroli limatsutsana ndi kuvomerezana kwina (zotengera zina monga polyethylene oxide yapamwamba ndi ma ethers owuma sizothandiza ngati CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. adagwiritsa ntchito efa ya cellulose kudzera muzoyeserera, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kwa 2% kunali kuchokera ku 5000 mpaka 44500mpa. S kuyambira MC ndi HEMC. Pezani:
1. Kwa chiwerengero chokhazikika cha CE, mtundu wa CE umakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa ma viscosity a matope omatira a matailosi. Izi ndichifukwa cha mpikisano pakati pa CE ndi dispersible polima ufa kwa adsorption wa particles simenti.
2. Kutsatsa kwapikisano kwa CE ndi ufa wa rabara kumakhudza kwambiri nthawi yoyika ndi spalling pamene nthawi yomanga ndi 20-30min.
3. Mphamvu ya mgwirizano imakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa CE ndi ufa wa rabara. Pamene filimu ya CE sichingalepheretse kutuluka kwa chinyezi pamawonekedwe a matailosi ndi matope, kumamatira pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kumachepa.
4. Kugwirizana ndi kuyanjana kwa CE ndi ufa wa polima wotayika kuyenera kuganiziridwa popanga gawo la matope omatira a matailosi.
Germany LschmitzC. J. Dr. H (a) cker adatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi kuti HPMC ndi HEMC mu cellulose ether ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri posungira madzi mumatope osakaniza owuma. Kuwonjezera kuonetsetsa kumatheka madzi posungira index wa mapadi ether, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthidwa Cellulose ethers ntchito kusintha ndi kusintha ntchito katundu matope ndi katundu wa youma ndi ouma matope.
1.3.2Chiyambi chachidule cha kafukufuku wapakhomo pakugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether mumatope
Xin Quanchang ku Xi'an University of Architecture ndi Technology anaphunzira chikoka cha ma polima osiyanasiyana pa katundu wina wa matope kugwirizana, ndipo anapeza kuti gulu ntchito dispersible polima ufa ndi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose etha osati kusintha ntchito ya matope matope, koma komanso akhoza Mbali ya mtengo yafupika; zotsatira zoyesa zimasonyeza kuti pamene zomwe zili mu redispersible latex ufa zimayendetsedwa pa 0.5%, ndipo zomwe zili mu hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether zimayendetsedwa pa 0.2%, matope okonzeka amatsutsana ndi kupindika. ndipo mphamvu zomangira zimakhala zodziwika bwino, ndipo zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso pulasitiki.
Pulofesa Ma Baoguo wa ku Wuhan University of Technology ananena kuti mapalo etha ali zoonekeratu retardation zotsatira, ndipo zingakhudze structural mawonekedwe a mankhwala hydration ndi pore dongosolo la slurry simenti; cellulose ether makamaka adsorbed padziko simenti particles kupanga chotchinga kwenikweni. Zimalepheretsa nucleation ndi kukula kwa hydration mankhwala; Komano, cellulose ether amalepheretsa kusamuka ndi kufalikira kwa ayoni chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwake kodziwikiratu kuchulukirachulukira, potero kuchedwetsa hydration ya simenti pamlingo wina; cellulose ether imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa alkali.
Jian Shouwei wa ku Wuhan University of Technology adatsimikiza kuti ntchito ya CE mumatope imawonekera kwambiri pazinthu zitatu: mphamvu yabwino yosungira madzi, chikoka pa kusasinthasintha kwamatope ndi thixotropy, ndi kusintha kwa rheology. CE sikuti imangopatsa matope ntchito yabwino yogwirira ntchito, komanso Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa simenti koyambirira komanso kuchedwetsa hydration kinetic ndondomeko ya simenti, ndithudi, kutengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito matope, palinso kusiyana kwa njira zowunikira ntchito. .
Mtondo wosinthidwa wa CE umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matope osanjikizana owuma tsiku lililonse (monga matope omangira njerwa, putty, matope opaka utoto wopyapyala, ndi zina). Kapangidwe kapadera kameneka kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsagana ndi kutayika kwamadzi mofulumira kwa matope. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wamkulu amayang'ana zomatira kumaso, ndipo palibe kafukufuku wocheperako pamitundu ina yamatope osinthika osanjikiza a CE.
Su Lei wochokera ku Wuhan University of Technology adapeza kudzera pakuyesa kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, kutaya madzi komanso kukhazikitsa nthawi yamatope osinthidwa ndi cellulose ether. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi ya coagulation imatalika; pamene kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafika O. Pambuyo pa 6%, kusintha kwa madzi osungira madzi ndi kutaya madzi sikukuwonekeranso, ndipo nthawi yoikika imakhala pafupifupi kawiri; ndi kafukufuku experimental mphamvu zake compressive limasonyeza kuti pamene zili mapadi ether ndi otsika kuposa 0,8%, zili mapadi etere ndi zosakwana 0,8%. Kuwonjezeka kudzachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yopondereza; ndipo ponena za kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi bolodi la matope a simenti, O. Pansi pa 7% ya zomwe zili, kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether kungathe kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zomangira.
Lai Jianqing wa Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. adasanthula ndikuwona kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa cellulose ether poganizira kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira komanso kusasinthika index ndi 0 kudzera m'mayesero angapo okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi, mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mgwirizano. EPS thermal insulation mortar. 2%; cellulose ether imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa mpweya, yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu, makamaka kuchepa kwa mphamvu zomangira zomangira, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito pamodzi ndi ufa wa polima wopangidwanso.
Yuan Wei ndi Qin Min a Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute adayesa kafukufuku ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka cellulose ether mu konkire ya thovu. Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti HPMC imathandizira kusungirako madzi konkire yatsopano ya thovu ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa madzi konkire ya thovu yowuma; HPMC imatha kuchepetsa kugwa kwa konkire yatsopano ya thovu ndikuchepetsa chidwi cha osakaniza ndi kutentha. ; HPMC kwambiri kuchepetsa compressive mphamvu ya thovu konkire. Pansi pa machiritso achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa HPMC kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yachitsanzo kumlingo wina.
Li Yuhai wa Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. adanenanso kuti mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex, mtundu wa cellulose ether ndi chilengedwe chochiritsa zimakhudza kwambiri kukana kwa pulasitala matope. Zotsatira za ma cellulose ethers pamphamvu yamphamvu ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zili ndi polima komanso machiritso.
Yin Qingli wa AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. adagwiritsa ntchito Bermocoll PADl, gulu losinthidwa mwapadera la polystyrene lomangirira mapadi a cellulose ether, poyesera, lomwe ndi loyenera kwambiri pamatope omangira a EPS kunja kwa khoma lotchinjiriza. Bermocoll PADl imatha kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakati pa matope ndi bolodi la polystyrene kuwonjezera pa ntchito zonse za cellulose ether. Ngakhale pa mlingo wochepa, sizingangowonjezera kusunga madzi komanso kugwira ntchito kwa matope atsopano, komanso zimatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu zomangira zoyamba komanso mphamvu zomangira madzi pakati pa matope ndi bolodi la polystyrene chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwapadera. luso. . Komabe, sizingawongolere kukana kwamatope komanso kulumikizana ndi bolodi la polystyrene. Kuti zinthu izi zitheke, ufa wa latex uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Wang Peiming wochokera ku yunivesite ya Tongji anafufuza mbiri ya chitukuko cha matope ogulitsa malonda ndipo adanena kuti cellulose ether ndi latex powder ali ndi zotsatira zosaoneka bwino pa zizindikiro za ntchito monga kusunga madzi, kusinthasintha ndi kukakamiza mphamvu, ndi zotanuka modulus wa ufa wouma wamalonda.
Zhang Lin ndi ena a Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. atsimikiza kuti, mumatope omangika a bolodi la polystyrene lopaka utoto wopyapyala kunja kwa khoma lakunja lamatenthedwe amtundu wakunja (ie Eqos system), tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri. ufa wa rabara ukhale 2.5% ndiye malire; otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kwambiri kusinthidwa cellulose ether ndi wothandiza kwambiri kuwongolera wothandiza kumakoka chomangira mphamvu ya matope ouma.
Zhao Liqun wa Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Gulu) Co., Ltd. ananena m'nkhani kuti mapadi ether akhoza kwambiri kusintha madzi posungira matope, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kachulukidwe chochuluka ndi compressive mphamvu ya matope, ndi kutalikitsa zoikamo. nthawi ya matope. Pansi pa mlingo womwewo, etha ya cellulose yokhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba imapindulitsa pakusintha kwamadzi posungira matope, koma mphamvu yopondereza imachepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi yokhazikitsa ndi yayitali. Ufa wokhuthala ndi cellulose ether zimachotsa kung'ambika kwa pulasitiki kwa matope mwa kukonza kusungidwa kwamadzi mumatope.
Fuzhou University Huang Lipin et al adaphunzira za doping ya hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ndi ethylene. Zakuthupi ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wapakatikati a matope a simenti osinthidwa a vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder. Zimapezeka kuti ether ya cellulose imakhala ndi kusungirako bwino kwa madzi, kukana kuyamwa kwamadzi komanso kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino, pomwe mphamvu zochepetsera madzi za ufa wa latex ndi kuwongolera kwa makina amatope ndizodziwika kwambiri. Kusintha zotsatira; ndipo pali mlingo woyenera pakati pa ma polima.
Kudzera muzoyeserera zingapo, Chen Qian ndi ena ochokera ku Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. ntchito ya matope, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoyambitsa. Kuthamanga kwakufupi kapena kocheperako kumapangitsa kuti matopewo akhale ovuta kupanga; kusankha etha ya cellulose yoyenera kungathenso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yamatope osakaniza okonzeka.
Li Sihan wa ku yunivesite ya Shenyang Jianzhu ndi ena anapeza kuti mchere admixtures akhoza kuchepetsa youma shrinkage mapindikidwe matope ndi kusintha makina ake; chiŵerengero cha laimu mchenga zimakhudza makina katundu ndi shrinkage mlingo wa matope; redispersible polima ufa akhoza kusintha matope. Kukana kwa mng'alu, kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, kugwirizanitsa, kukana kukhudzidwa ndi kukana kuvala, kupititsa patsogolo kusungirako madzi ndi kugwira ntchito; cellulose ether ali ndi mpweya-entraining kwenikweni, amene angathe kusintha madzi posungira matope; Ulusi wamatabwa ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo matope Kupititsa patsogolo kumasuka kwa ntchito, kugwira ntchito, ndi ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutsetsereka, ndikufulumizitsa kumanga. Powonjezera zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana kuti zisinthidwe, komanso kudzera mu chiŵerengero chololera, matope osamva ming'alu a kunja kwa khoma lamatenthedwe amatenthedwe kachitidwe ndi ntchito yabwino akhoza kukonzekera.
Yang Lei wa Henan University of Technology wosakaniza HEMC mu matope ndipo anapeza kuti ali ndi ntchito ziwiri za kusunga madzi ndi thickening, amene amalepheretsa mpweya-entrained konkire mwamsanga kuyamwa madzi mu pulasitala matope, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti simenti mu matope. matope ali ndi hydrated mokwanira, kupanga matope Kuphatikizika ndi konkire ya aerated kumakhala kowawa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndi yapamwamba; zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri delamination wa pulasitala matope kwa aerated konkire. Pamene HEMC idawonjezeredwa kumatope, mphamvu yowonongeka ya matope inachepa pang'ono, pamene mphamvu yowonongeka inachepa kwambiri, ndipo phokoso la fold-compression ratio curve limasonyeza kukwera pamwamba, kusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera kwa HEMC kungapangitse kulimba kwa matope.
Li Yanling ndi ena ku Henan University of Technology anapeza kuti katundu mawotchi a matope matope anali bwino poyerekeza ndi matope wamba, makamaka chomangira mphamvu matope, pamene pawiri osakaniza anawonjezera (zili mapadi efa anali 0,15%). Ndi nthawi 2.33 kuposa matope wamba.
Ma Baoguo ochokera ku Wuhan University of Technology ndi ena adaphunzira zotsatira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya emulsion ya styrene-acrylic, dispersible polima ufa, ndi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether pakumwa madzi, mphamvu zomangira komanso kulimba kwa matope opaka utoto woonda. , anapeza kuti pamene zomwe zili mu styrene-acrylic emulsion zinali 4% mpaka 6%, mphamvu yomangira matope inafika pamtengo wabwino kwambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chinali chochepa kwambiri; zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zawonjezeka kufika ku O. Pa 4%, mphamvu yomangira matope imafika ku machulukitsidwe, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi chochepa kwambiri; pamene ufa wa rabara uli 3%, mphamvu yomangira ya matope ndiyo yabwino kwambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chimachepa ndi kuwonjezera ufa wa rabara. mayendedwe.
Li Qiao ndi ena a Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. adanena m'nkhaniyo kuti ntchito za cellulose ether mumatope a simenti ndi kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya, kuchepetsa ndi kuwongolera mphamvu zamakokedwe, ndi zina zotero. ntchito zimagwirizana Pofufuza ndi kusankha MC, zizindikiro za MC zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa zikuphatikizapo kukhuthala, mlingo wa etherification m'malo, digiri ya kusinthidwa, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, zinthu zothandiza, kukula kwa tinthu ndi zina. Posankha MC muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatope, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito za MC palokha ziyenera kuperekedwa molingana ndi zomangamanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zamatope, ndipo mitundu yoyenera ya MC iyenera kusankhidwa kuphatikiza ndi kapangidwe kake ndi magawo oyambira a MC.
Qiu Yongxia wa ku Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. anapeza kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a cellulose ether, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kwa matope kunakula; pamene tinthu tating'ono ta cellulose ether, timasunga bwino madzi; Kukwera kwamadzi osungira madzi a cellulose ether; kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa cellulose ether kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwamatope.
Zhang Bin wa ku yunivesite ya Tongji ndi ena anafotokoza m'nkhani kuti makhalidwe ntchito ya matope kusinthidwa zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhuthala akayendedwe chitukuko cha mapadi ethers, osati kuti mapadi mapadi ndi mkulu dzina mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi chikoka zoonekeratu pa makhalidwe ntchito, chifukwa iwo ali. amakhudzidwanso ndi tinthu kukula. , kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka ndi zinthu zina.
Zhou Xiao ndi ena ochokera ku Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute anaphunzira chopereka cha zowonjezera ziwiri, polima mphira ufa ndi mapalo efa, ku mphamvu yomangira mu NHL (hydraulic laimu) matope dongosolo, ndipo anapeza kuti zosavuta Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa laimu wa hydraulic, sikungathe kutulutsa mphamvu zokwanira zolimba ndi mawonekedwe a miyala. Kuchuluka koyenera kwa ufa wa rabara wa polima ndi mapadi a cellulose amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zomangira za matope a NHL ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za zida zolimbikitsira zachikhalidwe ndi chitetezo; pofuna kupewa Zimakhudza kutsekemera kwa madzi ndi kupuma kwa matope a NHL okha komanso kugwirizana ndi zotsalira za chikhalidwe cha masonry. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, poganizira momwe ntchito yoyamba yogwirizanirana ndi matope a NHL, kuchuluka kwabwino kwa ufa wa rabara wa polima ndi pansi pa 0.5% mpaka 1%, ndi kuwonjezera kwa cellulose ether Kuchulukaku kumayendetsedwa pafupifupi 0.2%.
A Duan Pengxuan ndi ena ochokera ku Beijing Institute of Building Equipment Science adapanga oyesa awiri odzipangira okha pamaziko okhazikitsa mtundu wa rheological wa matope atsopano, ndipo adasanthula matope wamba wamba, pulasitala ndi pulasitala zinthu za gypsum. The denaturation anayeza, ndipo anapeza kuti hydroxyethyl mapadi efa ndi hydroxypropyl methyl mapadi eteri ndi bwino koyamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe mtengo ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuchepetsa ntchito ndi nthawi ndi liwiro kuwonjezeka, amene akhoza kulemeretsa binder kwa bwino kugwirizana mtundu, thixotropy ndi kuzembera kukana.
Li Yanling wa Henan University of Technology ndi ena anapeza kuti Kuwonjezera pa cellulose etha mu matope akhoza kwambiri kusintha madzi posungira ntchito matope, potero kuonetsetsa patsogolo simenti hydration. Ngakhale kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether amachepetsa mphamvu flexural ndi compressive mphamvu ya matope, kumawonjezera flexural-psinjika chiŵerengero ndi chomangira mphamvu ya matope pamlingo wakutiwakuti.
1.4Research pa ntchito admixtures kuti matope kunyumba ndi kunja
M'makampani omanga amasiku ano, kupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito konkire ndi matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kufunikira kwa simenti kukukulirakulira. Kupanga simenti ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwononga kwambiri mafakitale. Kusunga simenti ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera ndalama komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Monga choloweza m'malo mwa simenti, kuphatikizika kwa mchere sikungowonjezera magwiridwe antchito a matope ndi konkriti, komanso kupulumutsa simenti yambiri ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
M'makampani opanga zida zomangira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma admixtures kwakhala kokulirapo. Mitundu yambiri ya simenti imakhala ndi zosakaniza zochulukirapo kapena zochepa. Pakati pawo, simenti ya Portland yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imawonjezeredwa 5% popanga. ~ 20% kuphatikiza. Popanga mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amatope ndi konkriti, kugwiritsa ntchito ma admixtures ndikokulirapo.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza mumatope, kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali komanso wambiri wachitika kunyumba ndi kunja.
1.4.1Chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku wakunja wosakanikirana ndi matope
P. Yunivesite ya California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. anapeza kuti mu ndondomeko ya hydration ya gelling zinthu, gel osakaniza si kutupa mu voliyumu yofanana, ndi mchere admixture akhoza kusintha kapangidwe ka gel osakaniza hydrated, ndipo anapeza kuti kutupa kwa gel osakaniza amagwirizana ndi divalent cations mu gel osakaniza. . Chiwerengero cha makope chinawonetsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu.
Kevin J. wa ku United States. Folliard and Makoto Ohta et al. ananena kuti Kuwonjezera silika fume ndi mpunga mankhusu phulusa mu matope akhoza kwambiri patsogolo compressive mphamvu, pamene Kuwonjezera ntchentche phulusa amachepetsa mphamvu, makamaka siteji oyambirira.
Philippe Lawrence ndi a Martin Cyr aku France adapeza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mineral admixtures imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamatope pansi pa mlingo woyenera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma mineral admixtures osiyanasiyana sikukuwonekera koyambirira kwa hydration. M'magawo omaliza a hydration, mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera imakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya mineral admixture, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha inert admixture sikungathe kuonedwa ngati kudzaza. zotsatira, koma ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yakuthupi ya multiphase nucleation.
Bulgaria a ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev ndi ena anapeza kuti zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi silika fume ndi otsika kashiamu ntchentche phulusa mwa thupi ndi makina zimatha simenti matope ndi konkire wothira yogwira pozzolanic admixtures, amene angathe kusintha mphamvu mwala simenti. Utsi wa silika umakhudza kwambiri ma hydration oyambilira a zida za simenti, pomwe gawo la phulusa la ntchentche limakhudza kwambiri hydration pambuyo pake.
1.4.2Chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku wapakhomo pakugwiritsa ntchito admixtures ku matope
Kupyolera mu kafukufuku woyesera, Zhong Shiyun ndi Xiang Keqin a ku yunivesite ya Tongji adapeza kuti matope osinthidwa amtundu wina wa phulusa la ntchentche ndi polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), pamene chiŵerengero cha poly-binder chinakhazikitsidwa pa 0.08, chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana-kupinda kwa matope kuchuluka ndi fineness ndi zili ntchentche phulusa kuchepa ndi kuwonjezeka ntchentche phulusa. Akuti kuwonjezera kwa phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kuthetsa vuto la mtengo wokwera wa kuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa matope mwa kungowonjezera zomwe zili mu polima.
Wang Yinong wa Wuhan Chitsulo ndi Zitsulo Civil Construction Company waphunzira mkulu-ntchito matope admixture, amene angathe bwino kusintha workability matope, kuchepetsa mlingo wa delamination, ndi kusintha luso kugwirizana. Ndi yoyenera kumanga ndi pulasitala wa aerated konkire midadada. .
Chen Miaomiao ndi ena ochokera ku Nanjing University of Technology anaphunzira zotsatira za kusakaniza kawiri phulusa la ntchentche ndi mchere mumatope owuma pa ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi makina amatope, ndipo adapeza kuti kuwonjezera pa zosakaniza ziwiri sikungowonjezera ntchito ndi makina. wa osakaniza. Zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamakina zimathanso kuchepetsa mtengo. Mlingo woyenera kwambiri ndikusintha 20% ya phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wamchere motsatana, chiŵerengero cha matope ndi mchenga ndi 1: 3, ndipo chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi zinthu ndi 0,16.
Zhuang Zihao ku South China University of Technology anakonza madzi-binder chiŵerengero, kusinthidwa bentonite, mapadi efa ndi mphira ufa, ndipo anaphunzira katundu wa matope mphamvu, posungira madzi ndi shrinkage youma admixtures atatu mchere, ndipo anapeza kuti osakaniza zili kufika. Pa 50%, porosity ukuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi mphamvu amachepetsa, ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri gawo la atatu mchere admixtures ndi 8% ufa wa laimu, 30% slag, ndi 4% ntchentche phulusa, amene angathe kukwaniritsa kusunga madzi. mlingo, mtengo wokondeka wa mphamvu.
Li Ying wa ku yunivesite ya Qinghai anachita mndandanda wa mayesero matope wothira mchere admixtures, ndipo anamaliza ndi kusanthula kuti mchere admixtures akhoza kukhathamiritsa yachiwiri tinthu gradation wa ufa, ndi yaying'ono kudzazidwa tingati ndi yachiwiri hydration wa admixtures akhoza kumlingo wakutiwakuti, kuphatikizika kwa matope kumawonjezeka, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu zake.
Zhao Yujing wa ku Shanghai Baosteel New Building Equipment Co., Ltd. adagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha kulimba kwa fracture ndi mphamvu ya fracture kuti aphunzire momwe ma mineral admixtures amakhudzira kulimba kwa konkriti. Mayesowa akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizika kwa mchere kumatha kusintha pang'ono kulimba kwa fracture ndi mphamvu yakuphwanyika kwamatope; pa nkhani ya mtundu womwewo wa admixture, m'malo kuchuluka kwa 40% ya mchere admixture ndi opindulitsa kwambiri kwa fracture toughness ndi fracture mphamvu.
Xu Guangsheng wa ku yunivesite ya Henan adanena kuti pamene malo enieni a mchere wa mchere ndi osachepera E350m2 / l [g, ntchitoyo ndi yochepa, mphamvu ya 3d imakhala pafupifupi 30%, ndipo mphamvu ya 28d ikukula mpaka 0 ~ 90% ; pomwe pa 400m2 vwende g, mphamvu ya 3d Itha kukhala pafupi ndi 50%, ndipo mphamvu ya 28d ili pamwamba pa 95%. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mfundo zazikuluzikulu za rheology, malinga ndi kafukufuku woyesera wa matope amadzimadzi ndi kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga, mfundo zingapo zimatengedwa: kuwulutsa phulusa pansi pa 20% kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kuthamanga kwamatope ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi, ndi mchere wa ufa mu Pamene mlingo uli pansipa. 25%, madzi amadzimadzi amatha kuwonjezereka koma kuthamanga kumachepetsedwa.
Pulofesa Wang Dongmin wa China University of Migodi ndi Technology ndi Pulofesa Feng Lufeng wa Shandong Jianzhu University ananena m'nkhani kuti konkire ndi zinthu magawo atatu kuchokera maganizo a zipangizo gulu, ndicho simenti phala, akaphatikiza, simenti phala ndi akaphatikiza. The interface transition zone ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) pa mphambano. ITZ ndi dera lokhala ndi madzi ambiri, chiŵerengero cha simenti yamadzi m'deralo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, porosity pambuyo pa hydration ndi yaikulu, ndipo idzachititsa kuti calcium hydroxide ipangidwe. Derali ndilomwe limayambitsa ming'alu yoyamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri limayambitsa nkhawa. Kuyika kwambiri kumatsimikizira kukula kwake. Kafukufuku woyeserera akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizika kwa ma admixtures kumatha kusintha bwino madzi a endocrine m'malo osinthira mawonekedwe, kuchepetsa makulidwe a mawonekedwe osinthira mawonekedwe, ndikuwongolera mphamvu.
Zhang Jianxin wa ku yunivesite ya Chongqing ndi ena adapeza kuti mwa kusintha kwakukulu kwa methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polima ufa, ndi admixtures, matope owuma owuma owuma ndi ntchito yabwino amatha kukonzekera. Dongo lopaka pulasitala wosakanizidwa ndi zowuma lili ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito, zomangira zolimba kwambiri komanso kukana ming'alu. Ubwino wa ng'oma ndi ming'alu ndi vuto lofala.
Ren Chuanyao wa ku yunivesite ya Zhejiang ndi ena anaphunzira za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether pa katundu wa ntchentche phulusa lamatope, ndipo adasanthula mgwirizano pakati pa kachulukidwe konyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza. Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether mu ntchentche phulusa matope angathandize kwambiri kusungirako madzi mumatope, kutalikitsa nthawi yomangirira matope, komanso kuchepetsa kunyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza yamatope. Pali kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa kachulukidwe konyowa ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya 28d. Pansi pa kachulukidwe konyowa kodziwika, mphamvu yopondereza ya 28d imatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera.
Pulofesa Pang Lufeng ndi Chang Qingshan wa ku yunivesite ya Shandong Jianzhu anagwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira yojambula kuti aphunzire chikoka cha zinthu zitatu zosakaniza za ntchentche phulusa, mchere wa ufa ndi silika fume pa mphamvu ya konkire, ndikuyika patsogolo ndondomeko yolosera ndi phindu linalake lothandizira kupyolera mu kubwereranso. kusanthula. , ndipo kutheka kwake kunatsimikiziridwa.
Cholinga ndi kufunika kwa phunziroli
Monga chowonjezera chosungira madzi, cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza chakudya, matope ndi kupanga konkire ndi mafakitale ena. Monga yofunika admixture zosiyanasiyana matope, zosiyanasiyana mapadi ethers akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa magazi a mkulu fluidity matope, kumapangitsanso thixotropy ndi kumanga kusalala kwa matope, ndi bwino madzi posungira ntchito ndi chomangira mphamvu ya matope.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mineral admixtures kukuchulukirachulukira, zomwe sizimangothetsa vuto la kukonza zinthu zambiri zamakampani, zimapulumutsa nthaka ndikuteteza chilengedwe, komanso zimatha kusintha zinyalala kukhala chuma ndikupanga phindu.
Pakhala pali maphunziro ambiri pazigawo za matope awiri kunyumba ndi kunja, koma palibe maphunziro ambiri oyesera omwe amaphatikiza awiriwa palimodzi. Cholinga cha pepalali ndi kusakaniza angapo mapadi etha ndi mchere admixtures mu phala simenti nthawi yomweyo , mkulu fluidity matope ndi matope pulasitiki (kutenga matope matope monga chitsanzo), kudzera kufufuza mayeso fluidity ndi katundu makina osiyanasiyana, chikoka lamulo la mitundu iwiri ya matope pamene zigawo zikuluzikulu anawonjezera pamodzi ndi mwachidule, zimene zidzakhudza m'tsogolo mapadi efa. Ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kwa mineral admixtures kumapereka chidziwitso china.
Kuonjezera apo, pepala ili limapereka njira yodziwira mphamvu ya matope ndi konkire pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya FERET ndi coefficient ya ntchito ya mineral admixtures, yomwe ingapereke tanthauzo lina lotsogolera pakupanga chiŵerengero chosakanikirana ndi kuneneratu kwamphamvu kwa matope ndi konkire.
1.6Zofufuza zazikulu za pepalali
Zomwe zili mu kafukufukuyu ndi izi:
1. Mwa kuphatikiza ma cellulose ethers angapo ndi ma mineral admixtures osiyanasiyana, kuyesa kwa fluidity kwa slurry woyera ndi matope amadzimadzi kunachitika, ndipo malamulo okhudza chikoka anafotokozedwa mwachidule ndipo zifukwa zinafufuzidwa.
2. Powonjezera ma cellulose ethers ndi ma mineral admixtures osiyanasiyana kumatope apamwamba komanso matope omangirira, fufuzani zotsatira zake pamphamvu yopondereza, mphamvu yosunthika, kupindika kwa chiŵerengero ndi matope omangirira amatope apamwamba komanso matope apulasitiki mphamvu.
3. Kuphatikizidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya FERET ndi coefficient ya ntchito ya mineral admixtures, njira yolosera mphamvu ya matope ambiri a simenti ndi konkire ikuperekedwa.
Mutu 2 Kusanthula kwa zipangizo ndi zigawo zake zoyesera
2.1 Zida zoyesera
2.1.1 Simenti (C)
Mayesowa adagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 simenti.
2.1.2 Mineral powder (KF)
The $95 giredi granulated blast ng'anjo slag ufa wochokera ku Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Fly Ash (FA)
Phulusa la Grade II lopangidwa ndi Jinan Huangtai Power Plant lasankhidwa, fineness (sieve yotsalira ya 459m square hole sieve) ndi 13%, ndipo chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi 96%.
2.1.4 Silika fume (sF)
Silika fume utenga silika fume wa Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., kachulukidwe ake ndi 2.59/cm3; malo enieni ndi 17500m2/kg, ndipo pafupifupi tinthu kukula ndi O. 1～0.39m, 28d ntchito index ndi 108%, chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi 120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex ufa (JF)
Ufa wa mphira umatenga Max redispersible latex powder 6070N (mtundu wogwirizana) kuchokera ku Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)
CMC utenga ❖ kuyanika kalasi CMC ku Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., ndipo HPMC utenga mitundu iwiri ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ku Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Zosakaniza zina
Heavy calcium carbonate, ulusi wamatabwa, zoletsa madzi, calcium formate, etc.
2.1,8 quartz mchenga
Mchenga wa quartz wopangidwa ndi makina umatenga mitundu inayi ya fineness: 10-20 mauna, 20-40 H, 40.70 mauna ndi 70.140 H, kachulukidwe ndi 2650 kg/rn3, ndi kuyaka kwa stack ndi 1620 kg/m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer ufa (PC)
The polycarboxylate ufa wa Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ndi 1J1030, ndi kuchepetsa madzi mlingo 30%.
2.1.10 Mchenga (S)
Mchenga wapakati wa Dawen River ku Tai'an umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2.1.11 Coarse aggregate (G)
Gwiritsani Jinan Ganggou kupanga 5 ″ ~ 25 mwala wosweka.
2.2 Njira yoyesera
2.2.1 Njira yoyesera ya slurry fluidity
Zida zoyesera: NJ. 160 mtundu simenti chosakanizira slurry, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Njira zoyesera ndi zotsatira zimawerengedwa molingana ndi njira yoyesera ya phala la simenti mu Zowonjezera A za "GB 50119.2003 Specifications Zaukadaulo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Concrete Admixtures" kapena ((GB/T8077-2000 Njira Yoyesera ya Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures) .
2.2.2 Njira yoyesera ya fluidity ya matope apamwamba
Zida zoyesera: JJ. Type 5 simenti chosakanizira matope, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-2000B matope kuyezetsa psinjika makina, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd .;
TYE-300B matope kupinda mayeso makina, opangidwa ndi Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Njira yodziwira madzi amatope amatengera "JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials” ndi “GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for the Application of Concrete Admixtures” Zowonjezera A, kukula kwa chulucho kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika ndi 60mm, mkati mwa doko lapamwamba ndi 70mm , m'mimba mwake mkati mwa doko lapansi ndi 100mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake kunja kwa doko lapansi ndi 120mm, ndipo kulemera konse kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 2000g nthawi iliyonse.
Zotsatira za mayeso a madzimadzi awiriwa ziyenera kutenga mtengo wapakati wa njira ziwiri zoyimirira monga chotsatira chomaliza.
2.2.3 Njira yoyesera ya kulimba kwa chomangira cha matope omangika
Zida zoyesera zazikulu: WDL. Type 5 zamagetsi padziko lonse kuyezetsa makina, opangidwa ndi Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
Njira yoyesera yamphamvu yolimba ya bondi idzakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi Gawo 10 la (JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Building Mortars.
Mutu 3. Mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa phala loyera ndi matope azinthu zamabina cementitious zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere.
Liquidity Impact
Mutuwu ukufufuza ma cellulose ethers angapo ndi mineral blends poyesa kuchuluka kwa ma slurries opangidwa ndi simenti yamitundu ingapo komanso ma binary cementitious system slurries ndi matope okhala ndi ma admixtures osiyanasiyana amchere ndi madzi ake komanso kutaya kwawo pakapita nthawi. Lamulo lachikoka pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu pawiri pamadzi a slurry oyera ndi matope, komanso mphamvu yazinthu zosiyanasiyana zimafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikuwunikidwa.
3.1 Ndondomeko ya protocol yoyeserera
Poganizira mphamvu ya cellulose ether pakugwira ntchito kwa simenti yoyera ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a simenti, timaphunzira m'njira ziwiri:
1. woyera. Zili ndi ubwino wa intuition, ntchito yosavuta komanso yolondola kwambiri, ndipo ili yoyenera kwambiri kuti izindikire kusinthasintha kwa zosakaniza monga cellulose ether ku gelling zakuthupi, ndipo kusiyana kuli koonekeratu.
2. Mtondo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kupeza malo othamanga kwambiri kumakhalanso kosavuta kuyeza ndi kuyang'anitsitsa. Pano, kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zabubundundundundundundundunkejojojojojojojojojososhonimboshonimboshonimboshonishonipashonishonipashonishonipapapapathothonsopazwe payumwe mayiyuwero wotsatira wa 2019/2012/2013 14:00-2010] amawongoleredwa ndi apamwamba-performance superplasticizers. Kuti muchepetse cholakwika choyesa, timagwiritsa ntchito chochepetsera madzi cha polycarboxylate chosinthika ndi simenti, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa mayeso kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa.
3.2 Mayeso a mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa fluidity ya phala loyera la simenti
3.2.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha mphamvu ya cellulose ether pamadzimadzi a phala loyera la simenti
Poganizira mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa fluidity ya slurry yoyera, matope oyera a simenti a gawo limodzi la simentiyo adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kuyang'anira chikoka. Mlozera waukulu wamawu apa umagwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira kwamadzimadzi kwachilengedwe.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhudza kuyenda:
1. Mitundu ya ma cellulose ethers
2. Ma cellulose ether
3. Nthawi yopumula pang'ono
Apa, tinakonza zomwe zili mu PC ya ufa pa 0.2%. Magulu atatu ndi magulu anayi oyesa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kwa sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, mlingo wa 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, womwe ndi Og, 0.39, 0.69 (kuchuluka kwa simenti pamayeso aliwonse ndi 3009). , kwa hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, mlingo ndi 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, omwe ndi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira madzi a phala loyera la simenti.
(1) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a phala loyera la simenti losakanikirana ndi CMC
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Poyerekeza magulu atatu omwe ali ndi nthawi yoyimirira yofanana, ponena za madzi oyambira, ndi kuwonjezera kwa CMC, madzi amadzimadzi oyambirira anachepa pang'ono; theka la ola fluidity inachepa kwambiri ndi mlingo, makamaka chifukwa cha theka la ola fluidity wa gulu opanda kanthu. Ndi 20mm yaikulu kuposa yoyamba (izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ufa wa PC): -IJ, madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa pang'ono pa mlingo wa 0.1%, ndikuwonjezekanso pa mlingo wa 0.2%.
Poyerekeza magulu atatu ndi mlingo womwewo, fluidity wa gulu akusowekapo anali wamkulu mu theka la ola, ndipo utachepa mu ola limodzi (izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti ola limodzi, particles simenti anaonekera kwambiri hydration ndi adhesion; mawonekedwe apakati-tinthu anayamba kupangidwa, ndi slurry anaonekera kwambiri Condensation; kusungunuka kwa magulu a C1 ndi C2 kunachepa pang'ono theka la ola, kusonyeza kuti kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa CMC kunakhudza kwambiri boma; pamene zili mu C2, panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mu ola limodzi, kusonyeza kuti zomwe zili mu Zotsatira za kuchedwa kwa CMC ndizopambana.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu CMC, chodabwitsa cha kukanda chimayamba kuwonekera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti CMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zina pakuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa phala la simenti, ndipo mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya CMC imayambitsa kubadwa kwa mpweya thovu.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a phala loyera la simenti losakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala 100,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Kuchokera pamzere wa chithunzi cha zotsatira za nthawi yoyima pa fluidity, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti madzi amadzimadzi mu theka la ola ndi aakulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi oyambirira ndi ola limodzi, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu HPMC, chizolowezicho chimafooka. Ponseponse, kutayika kwa fluidity sikuli kwakukulu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti HPMC ili ndi kusungirako kwamadzi kodziwikiratu ku slurry, ndipo imakhala ndi vuto linalake.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuwona kuti fluidity imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zili mu HPMC. Pazoyeserera, zokulirapo za HPMC, ndizomwe zimakhala zocheperako. Ndizovuta kudzaza nkhungu ya fluidity cone yokha pansi pa madzi omwewo. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mutatha kuwonjezera HPMC, kutayika kwamadzimadzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nthawi sikuli kwakukulu kwa slurry koyera.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Gulu lopanda kanthu limakhala ndi vuto la kukhetsa magazi, ndipo zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku kusintha kwakuthwa kwa fluidity ndi mlingo kuti HPMC ili ndi madzi amphamvu kwambiri posungirako komanso kukhuthala kuposa CMC, ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa vuto la magazi. Kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mpweya sikuyenera kumveka ngati zotsatira za kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya. Ndipotu, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akachuluka, mpweya wosakanizidwa mkati mwa kusonkhezera sungathe kumenyedwa kukhala thovu laling'ono la mpweya chifukwa slurry ndi viscous kwambiri.
(3) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a phala loyera la simenti losakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala kwa 150,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Kuchokera pamzere wa graph ya chikoka cha zomwe zili mu HPMC (150,000) pa fluidity, chikoka cha kusintha kwa zomwe zili pa fluidity ndizoonekeratu kuposa za 100,000 HPMC, kusonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala kwa HPMC kudzachepetsa. ndi fluidity.
Malinga ndi kuwonetseredwa, malinga ndi momwe kusintha kwamadzimadzi kumayendera ndi nthawi, zotsatira za HPMC (150,000) za theka la ola ndizodziwikiratu, pamene zotsatira za -4, ndizoipa kuposa za HPMC (100,000) .
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Panali kutuluka magazi m'gulu lopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chokanda mbaleyo chinali chifukwa chakuti chiŵerengero cha simenti cha madzi cha pansi slurry chinakhala chochepa pambuyo pa kutuluka magazi, ndipo slurry anali wandiweyani komanso wovuta kukwapula mu mbale ya galasi. Kuwonjezera kwa HPMC kunathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la magazi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zilipo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tidayamba kuwonekera kenako mathovu akulu adawonekera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamba chifukwa cha chifukwa china. Mofananamo, thovu zazikulu siziyenera kumveka ngati zotsatira za kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya. Ndipotu, mamasukidwe akayendedwe akachuluka, mpweya wosakanizidwa mkati mwa kugwedeza umakhala wowoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo sungathe kusefukira kuchokera ku slurry.
3.3 Mayeso amphamvu a cellulose ether pa fluidity ya slurry yoyera ya zinthu zambiri za simenti
Gawoli limayang'ana kwambiri momwe kugwiritsidwira ntchito kwapawiri kwa ma admixtures angapo ndi ma cellulose ethers atatu (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) pamadzimadzi amkati.
Momwemonso, magulu atatu ndi magulu anayi oyesa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kwa sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, mlingo wa 0%, 0.10%, ndi 0.2%, womwe ndi 0g, 0.3g, ndi 0.6g (mlingo wa simenti pamayeso aliwonse ndi 300g). Kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, mlingo ndi 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, zomwe ndi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Zomwe zili pa PC za ufa zimayendetsedwa pa 0.2%.
The ntchentche phulusa ndi slag ufa mu mchere admixture m'malo ndi kuchuluka kwa mkati kusanganikirana njira, ndi milingo kusanganikirana ndi 10%, 20% ndi 30%, ndiko kuti, m'malo kuchuluka ndi 30g, 60g ndi 90g. Komabe, poganizira mphamvu ya zochitika zapamwamba, kuchepa, ndi dziko, mpweya wa silika umayendetsedwa mpaka 3%, 6%, ndi 9%, ndiko kuti, 9g, 18g, ndi 27g.
3.3.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa fluidity ya slurry yoyera ya binary cementitious material
(1) Chiwembu choyesera cha fluidity ya zida zama simenti zosakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
(2) Mayeso a pulani ya fluidity ya zinthu bayinare simenti wosanganiza HPMC (makamakamakamakamakamakamakalidwe 100,000) ndi zosiyanasiyana mchere admixtures.
(3) Chiwembu choyesera cha fluidity yazinthu zamasimenti zamabina zosakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala kwa 150,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
3.3.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira madzi amitundu yambiri ya simenti.
(1) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi azinthu zabinare cementitious slurry wosakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere..
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa izi kuti kuwonjezera kwa phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kukulitsa bwino madzi oyambira a slurry, ndipo kumakonda kukulirakulira ndi kuchuluka kwa phulusa la ntchentche. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene zili CMC ukuwonjezeka, fluidity amachepetsa pang'ono, ndi kuchepa pazipita ndi 20mm.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kutsekemera koyambirira kwa slurry koyera kumatha kuwonjezeka pa mlingo wochepa wa mchere wa mchere, ndipo kupititsa patsogolo kwa fluidity sikukuwonekeranso pamene mlingo uli pamwamba pa 20%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa CMC mu O. Pa 1%, fluidity ndi pazipita.
Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku izi kuti zomwe zili mu silika fume nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakuyamba kwamadzimadzi kwa slurry. Nthawi yomweyo, CMC idachepetsanso kuchepa kwamadzi.
Mayeso a theka la ola amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanizidwa ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere..
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kusintha kwa fluidity ya ntchentche phulusa kwa theka la ola kumakhala kothandiza pa mlingo wochepa, koma kungakhalenso chifukwa kuli pafupi ndi malire otaya a slurry koyera. Nthawi yomweyo, CMC ikadali ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa madzimadzi.
Kuonjezera apo, poyerekeza ndi madzi oyambira ndi theka la ola, zitha kupezeka kuti phulusa lambiri la ntchentche limapindulitsa kuthetsa kutaya kwa madzi pakapita nthawi.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku izi kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere wa mchere kulibe zotsatira zoonekeratu zoipa pa fluidity ya slurry koyera kwa theka la ola, ndipo nthawi zonse sizili zamphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira za CMC zili pa fluidity mu theka la ola si zoonekeratu, koma kusintha kwa 20% mchere ufa gulu m'malo ndi zoonekeratu.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti zotsatira zoipa za fluidity ya slurry koyera ndi kuchuluka kwa silika fume kwa theka la ola ndi zoonekeratu kuposa woyamba, makamaka zotsatira mu osiyanasiyana 6% mpaka 9% zoonekeratu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchepa kwa zomwe zili mu CMC pamadzimadzi ndi pafupifupi 30mm, zomwe ndizokulirapo kuposa kuchepa kwa CMC mpaka poyambira.
(2) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi azinthu zabinary cementitious slurry zosakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
Kuchokera pa izi, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti zotsatira za ntchentche phulusa pa fluidity zimakhala zoonekeratu, koma zimapezeka muyeso kuti phulusa la ntchentche lilibe kusintha koonekera bwino pa magazi. Komanso, kuchepetsa zotsatira za HPMC pa fluidity ndi zoonekeratu (makamaka osiyanasiyana 0.1% kuti 0.15% ya mlingo mkulu, kuchepa pazipita akhoza kufika oposa 50mm).
Zitha kuwoneka kuti ufa wa mchere umakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa fluidity, ndipo sizimapangitsa kuti magazi azituluka. Komanso, kuchepetsa zotsatira za HPMC pa fluidity kufika 60mm mu osiyanasiyana 0.1%～0.15% ya mlingo waukulu.
Kuchokera pa izi, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuchepa kwa madzi a silika kumawonekera kwambiri pamlingo waukulu, komanso, utsi wa silika umakhala ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino pakukhetsa magazi pamayeso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, HPMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi (makamaka pa mlingo waukulu wa mlingo (0.1% mpaka 0.15%). Other The admixture amachita monga chothandizira chaching'ono kusintha.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti, kawirikawiri, zotsatira za ma admixtures atatu pa fluidity ndizofanana ndi mtengo woyamba. Pamene utsi wa silika uli pamtunda waukulu wa 9% ndipo HPMC ili ndi O. Pankhani ya 15%, chodabwitsa chomwe deta sichikanakhoza kusonkhanitsidwa chifukwa cha kusauka kwa slurry kunali kovuta kudzaza nkhungu ya cone. , kusonyeza kuti mamasukidwe akayendedwe a silika fume ndi HPMC anakula kwambiri pa mlingo wapamwamba. Poyerekeza ndi CMC, kukhuthala kuchulukirachulukira kwa HPMC ndikodziwikiratu.
(3) Zotsatira zoyamba za mayeso a fluidity a slurry wabinary cementitious slurry wosakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
Kuchokera pa izi, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti HPMC (150,000) ndi HPMC (100,000) ali ndi zotsatira zofanana pa slurry, koma HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu imakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu pang'ono kwa fluidity, koma sizowonekeratu, zomwe ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kusungunuka. pa HPMC. Liwiro limakhala ndi ubale wina. Pakati admixtures, zotsatira za ntchentche phulusa zili pa fluidity wa slurry kwenikweni liniya ndi zabwino, ndi 30% ya zili kuonjezera fluidity ndi 20,-,30mm; Zotsatira zake sizodziwikiratu, ndipo kusintha kwake pakutulutsa magazi kumakhala kochepa; ngakhale pa mlingo waung'ono wa mlingo wosakwana 10%, silika fume ali ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu kwambiri kuchepetsa magazi, ndipo malo ake enieni ndi lalikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa simenti. dongosolo la ukulu, zotsatira za kutengera kwake kwa madzi pakuyenda ndizofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule, mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mlingo, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa slurry, mlingo wa silika fume ndi HPMC ndiye chinthu chachikulu, kaya ndi kulamulira kwa magazi kapena kulamulira kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake. zoonekeratu, zina Zotsatira za admixtures ndi yachiwiri ndipo amasewera wothandiza kusintha udindo.
Gawo lachitatu limafotokoza mwachidule chikoka cha HPMC (150,000) ndi kuphatikizika kwamadzimadzi a zamkati koyera mu theka la ola, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi lamulo lachikoka choyambirira. Angapezeke kuti kuwonjezeka kwa ntchentche phulusa pa fluidity wa koyera slurry kwa theka la ola ndi zoonekeratu pang'ono kuposa kuwonjezeka koyamba fluidity, chikoka cha slag ufa akadali zoonekeratu, ndi chikoka cha silika fume zili pa fluidity. zikuwonekerabe kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, ponena za zomwe zili mu HPMC, pali zochitika zambiri zomwe sizingathe kutsanulidwa pazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mlingo wake wa O. 15% umakhudza kwambiri kuwonjezereka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi, komanso ponena za fluidity kwa theka. ola limodzi, poyerekeza ndi mtengo woyamba, gulu la slag la O. The fluidity ya 05% HPMC inachepa mwachiwonekere.
Pankhani ya kutaya kwa fluidity pakapita nthawi, kuphatikizika kwa silika fume kumakhudza kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa utsi wa silika umakhala ndi kufinya kwakukulu, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, komanso kuthekera kwamphamvu kuyamwa chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tcheru. fluidity mpaka nthawi yoyima. Ku.
3.4 Yesani momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira kusungunuka kwa simenti yopangidwa ndi simenti yamadzimadzi
3.4.1 Chiwembu choyesa momwe ma cellulose ether amagwirira ntchito pamadzi amadzimadzi amatope opangidwa ndi simenti.
Gwiritsani ntchito matope apamwamba kuti muwone momwe amagwirira ntchito. Cholozera chachikulu apa ndi mayeso oyambira ndi theka la ola la mortar fluidity.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhudza kuyenda:
1 mitundu ya cellulose ethers,
2 Mlingo wa cellulose ether,
3 Nthawi yoyima yamatope
3.4.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika momwe cellulose ether imakhudzira madzi a simenti yopangidwa ndi simenti yayikulu kwambiri.
(1) Zotsatira za kuyezetsa kwamadzi amatope a simenti osakanizidwa ndi CMC
Chidule ndi kusanthula zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Poyerekeza magulu atatu omwe ali ndi nthawi yofanana yoimirira, ponena za madzi amadzimadzi oyambirira, ndi kuwonjezera kwa CMC, madzi amadzimadzi amayamba kuchepa pang'ono, ndipo pamene zomwe zili mu O. Pa 15%, pali kuchepa koonekeratu; kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu theka la ola ndizofanana ndi mtengo woyamba.
2. Chizindikiro:
Kunena zongoyerekeza, kuyerekeza ndi matope oyera, kuphatikizika kwa zowunjikana mumatope kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti thovu la mpweya lilowerere mu matopewo, ndipo kutsekereza kwa magulu ophatikizika pamataya otaya magazi kumapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kusungitsa thovu la mpweya kapena magazi. Mu slurry Choncho, mpweya kuwira okhutira ndi kukula kwa matope ayenera zambiri ndi zazikulu kuposa waukhondo slurry. Komano, zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu CMC, kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kumachepa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti CMC imakhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo pamatope, ndipo kuyesa kwa theka la ola kukuwonetsa kuti thovu likusefukira pamwamba. onjezerani pang'ono. , yomwe imakhalanso chiwonetsero cha kukwera kosasunthika, ndipo pamene kusinthasintha kumafika pamlingo wina, ming'oma idzakhala yovuta kuphulika, ndipo palibe ming'oma yowonekera idzawoneka pamwamba.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a matope oyera a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (100,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pazithunzi kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu HPMC, madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi CMC, HPMC ili ndi mphamvu yakukhuthala. Zotsatira zake ndi kusunga madzi ndizabwinoko. Kuchokera ku 0,05% mpaka 0.1%, kusintha kwa madzimadzi kumawonekera kwambiri, ndipo kuchokera ku O. Pambuyo pa 1%, palibe kusintha koyambirira kapena theka la ola mu fluidity ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera patebulo ndi chithunzi kuti kwenikweni mulibe thovu m'magulu awiri a Mh2 ndi Mh3, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kukhuthala kwa magulu awiriwa kuli kale kwakukulu, kulepheretsa kuphulika kwa thovu mu slurry.
(3) Zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity a matope oyera a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (150,000)
Kuwunika zotsatira za mayeso:
1. Chizindikiro cha kuyenda:
Poyerekeza magulu angapo omwe ali ndi nthawi yofanana yoyimirira, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti kuchepa kwa ola limodzi ndi theka la ola ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu HPMC, ndipo kuchepa kumakhala koonekeratu kuposa HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 100,000, kusonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a HPMC kumawonjezera. Kukula kwamphamvu kumalimbikitsidwa, koma mu O. Zotsatira za mlingo womwe uli pansipa 05% sizowonekeratu, madzi amadzimadzi ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa 0.05% mpaka 0.1%, ndipo chikhalidwecho chimakhalanso mu 0.1% mpaka 0.15 %. Chepetsani, kapena kusiya kusintha. Poyerekeza theka la ola fluidity kutaya makhalidwe (poyamba fluidity ndi theka la ola fluidity) wa HPMC ndi viscosities awiri, zikhoza kupezeka kuti HPMC ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu akhoza kuchepetsa mtengo kutayika, kusonyeza kuti kusungira madzi ake ndi kukhazikitsa retardation zotsatira. bwino kuposa mamasukidwe otsika.
2. Kusanthula kafotokozedwe ka zochitika:
Pankhani yolamulira kutuluka kwa magazi, ma HPMC awiriwa ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono, zomwe zingathe kusunga bwino madzi ndi kukhuthala, kuthetsa zotsatira zoipa za kutuluka kwa magazi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amalola kuti thovu liwonongeke bwino.
3.5 Yesani zotsatira za cellulose ether pa fluidity ya matope apamwamba azinthu zosiyanasiyana za simenti.
3.5.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha momwe ma cellulose ethers amathandizira pamadzi amadzimadzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti.
Mtondo wochuluka wa fluidity umagwiritsidwabe ntchito kuwona momwe zimakhudzira fluidity. Zizindikiro zazikulu zowunikira ndizoyamba ndi theka la ola la matope ozindikira madzimadzi.
(1) Chiwembu choyesera cha matope amadzimadzi okhala ndi zida zama simenti zosakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamchere.
(2) Chiwembu choyesera cha matope amadzimadzi ndi HPMC (kukhuthala 100,000) ndi zida zama simenti zamabina amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere
(3) Chiwembu choyesera cha matope amadzimadzi ndi HPMC (kukhuthala 150,000) ndi zida zama simenti zamabina amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere
3.5.2 Zotsatira za cellulose ether pa fluidity ya matope amadzimadzi ambiri mu dongosolo lazambiri la simenti lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mineral admixtures Zotsatira zoyesa ndi kusanthula
(1) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana
Kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa za fluidity yoyamba, tinganene kuti kuwonjezera phulusa la ntchentche kungathe kusintha pang'ono madzi a matope; pamene zili mu mchere ufa ndi 10%, fluidity matope akhoza pang'ono bwino; ndi silika fume zimakhudza kwambiri fluidity , makamaka osiyanasiyana 6% ~ 9% okhutira okhutira, kuchititsa kuchepa fluidity pafupifupi 90mm.
M'magulu awiri a ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere wa ufa, CMC imachepetsa kusungunuka kwa matope pamlingo wina, pamene mu gulu la silika fume, O. Kuwonjezeka kwa CMC zili pamwamba pa 1% sikumakhudzanso kwambiri madzi a matope.
Theka la ola zotsatira zoyeserera za matope a cementitious osakanikirana ndi CMC ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso a fluidity mu theka la ola, tingathe kunena kuti zotsatira za zomwe zili muzosakaniza ndi CMC ndizofanana ndi zoyamba, koma zomwe zili mu CMC mu gulu la mchere wa mchere zimasintha kuchokera ku O. 1% mpaka O. Kusintha kwa 2% ndikokulirapo, pa 30mm.
Pankhani ya kutayika kwa fluidity pakapita nthawi, phulusa la ntchentche limakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera kutaya, pamene mchere wa mchere ndi silika fume udzawonjezera mtengo wotayika pansi pa mlingo waukulu. Mlingo wa 9% wa silika fume umapangitsanso kuti nkhungu yoyeserera isadzazidwe yokha. , madzi amadzimadzi sangathe kuyeza molondola.
(2) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana
Mayeso a theka la ola la matope a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Zitha kukwaniritsidwabe kudzera muzoyeserera kuti kuwonjezera phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kusintha pang'ono kuchuluka kwamatope; pamene zili mu mchere ufa ndi 10%, fluidity matope akhoza pang'ono bwino; Mlingowo ndi wovuta kwambiri, ndipo gulu la HPMC lomwe lili ndi mlingo waukulu pa 9% lili ndi mawanga akufa, ndipo fluidity imasowa.
Zomwe zili mu cellulose ether ndi silika fume ndizomwe zimawonekera kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa matope. Zotsatira za HPMC mwachiwonekere ndizokulirapo kuposa za CMC. Zosakaniza zina zimatha kusintha kutayika kwa madzi pakapita nthawi.
(3) Zotsatira zoyambira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi osakanikirana ndi HPMC (kukhuthala kwa 150,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana
Mayeso a theka la ola la matope a simenti osakanikirana ndi HPMC (makamaka 150,000) ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Zitha kukwaniritsidwabe kudzera muzoyeserera kuti kuwonjezera phulusa la ntchentche kumatha kusintha pang'ono kuchuluka kwamatope; pamene zili mu mchere wa ufa ndi 10%, madzi a matope amatha kusintha pang'ono: fume la silika likadali lothandiza kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la magazi, pamene Fluidity ndi yoopsa kwambiri, koma imakhala yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zotsatira zake mu slurries oyera. .
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mawanga akufa anaonekera pansi mkulu zili mapadi efa (makamaka pa tebulo la theka la ola fluidity), kusonyeza kuti HPMC ali ndi zotsatira kwambiri pa kuchepetsa fluidity matope, ndi mchere ufa ndi ntchentche phulusa akhoza kusintha imfa. ya fluidity pakapita nthawi.
3.5 Chidule Chachidule
1. Kuyerekeza kwathunthu kuyesa kwamadzimadzi kwa phala loyera la simenti losakanizidwa ndi ma ethers atatu a cellulose, zitha kuwoneka kuti
1. CMC ili ndi zotsatira zina zochedwetsa komanso zopatsa mpweya, kuchepa kwa madzi, ndi kutaya kwina pakapita nthawi.
2. Mphamvu yosungiramo madzi ya HPMC ndi yoonekeratu, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa dziko, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili. Zili ndi zotsatira zina za mpweya, ndipo kukhuthala kumaonekera. 15% idzapangitsa thovu lalikulu mu slurry, zomwe ziyenera kuwononga mphamvu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa HPMC mamasukidwe akayendedwe, nthawi amadalira imfa ya slurry fluidity chinawonjezeka pang'ono, koma si zoonekeratu.
2. Kuyerekeza kwathunthu kuyesa kwa slurry fluidity kwa njira ya binary gelling yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere yosakanikirana ndi ma cellulose ethers atatu, zitha kuwoneka kuti:
1. Chikoka lamulo la atatu cellulose etha pa fluidity wa slurry wa bayinare cementitious dongosolo zosiyanasiyana mchere admixtures ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi chikoka lamulo la fluidity wa koyera simenti slurry. CMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakuwongolera kutuluka kwa magazi, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zofooka pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi; mitundu iwiri ya HPMC akhoza kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe slurry ndi kuchepetsa fluidity kwambiri, ndi amene ali ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe apamwamba ali ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu.
2. Pakati pa admixtures, ntchentche phulusa ali ndi mlingo winawake kusintha pa koyamba ndi theka la ola fluidity wa koyera slurry, ndi zili 30% akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi za 30mm; zotsatira za mchere ufa pa fluidity wa koyera slurry alibe nthawi zoonekeratu; silicon Ngakhale kuti phulusa ndi lochepa, ultra-fineness yake yapadera, kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira, ndi kutengeka kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri madzi a slurry, makamaka pamene 0.15% HPMC ikuwonjezeredwa, padzakhala nkhungu za cone zomwe sizingadzazidwe. Chodabwitsa.
3. Poyang'anira kutuluka kwa magazi, phulusa la ntchentche ndi mchere wa mchere sizidziwikiratu, ndipo utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.
4. Ponena za kutaya kwa theka la ola la madzi, kutayika kwa phulusa la ntchentche kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mtengo wotayika wa gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo utsi wa silika ndi waukulu.
5. Pakusiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa zomwe zili, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa slurry, zomwe zili mu HPMC ndi silika fume ndizo zikuluzikulu, kaya ndi kulamulira kwa magazi kapena kulamulira kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndizo. zoonekeratu. Mphamvu ya mineral powder ndi mineral powder ndi yachiwiri, ndipo imakhala ndi gawo lothandizira.
3. Poyerekeza mokwanira kuyesa kwamadzimadzi kwa matope a simenti osakanizidwa ndi ma ether atatu a cellulose, zitha kuwoneka kuti
1. Pambuyo powonjezera ma cellulose ethers atatu, kutuluka kwa magazi kunathetsedwa bwino, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amachepa. Zina thickening, madzi posungira zotsatira. CMC ili ndi zotsatira zina zochedwetsa komanso zopatsa mpweya, kusungitsa madzi ofooka, komanso kutayika kwina pakapita nthawi.
2. Pambuyo powonjezera CMC, kutaya kwa madzi amatope pakapita nthawi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zingakhale chifukwa chakuti CMC ndi ionic cellulose ether, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kupanga mpweya ndi Ca2 + mu simenti.
3. Kuyerekeza kwa ma etha atatu a cellulose kukuwonetsa kuti CMC ilibe mphamvu pang'ono pamadzimadzi, ndipo mitundu iwiri ya HPMC imachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matope pazomwe zili 1/1000, ndipo yomwe ili ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba kwambiri. zoonekeratu.
4. Mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thovu la pamwamba lisefukire, koma zomwe zili mu HPMC zikafika kupitirira 0.1%, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa slurry, thovulo limakhalabe mu slurry ndipo sangathe kusefukira.
5. Mphamvu yosungiramo madzi ya HPMC ndi yoonekeratu, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha kusakaniza, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili, ndipo kukhuthala kumawonekera.
4. Yerekezerani mokwanira kuyesa kwa fluidity kwa angapo mineral admixture binary cementitious materials osakaniza ndi atatu cellulose ethers.
Monga zikuwoneka:
1. Lamulo lachikoka la ma etha atatu a cellulose pa fluidity ya multicomponent cementitious material mortar ndi ofanana ndi chikoka lamulo pa fluidity wa slurry koyera. CMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakuwongolera kutuluka kwa magazi, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zofooka pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi; mitundu iwiri ya HPMC akhoza kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe a matope ndi kuchepetsa fluidity kwambiri, ndipo amene ali ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe apamwamba ali ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu.
2. Pakati pa admixtures, ntchentche phulusa ali ndi digiri inayake ya kusintha pa koyamba ndi theka la ola fluidity woyera slurry; chikoka cha ufa wa slag pa fluidity wa slurry woyera alibe nthawi zonse zoonekeratu; ngakhale zili silika fume ndi otsika, ake The wapadera kopitilira muyeso-fineness, kufulumira kuchita ndi adsorption amphamvu zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri zotsatira pa fluidity wa slurry. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso a phala koyera, amapezeka kuti zotsatira za admixtures amakonda kufooka.
3. Poyang'anira kutuluka kwa magazi, phulusa la ntchentche ndi mchere wa mchere sizidziwikiratu, ndipo utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.
4. Pakusiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa mlingo, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza madzi a matope, mlingo wa HPMC ndi silika fume ndizo zikuluzikulu, kaya ndi kulamulira kwa magazi kapena kulamulira kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndizowonjezereka. zodziwikiratu, silika fume 9% Pamene zili HPMC ndi 0.15%, n'zosavuta chifukwa kudzaza nkhungu kukhala kovuta kudzaza, ndi chikoka cha admixtures ena ndi yachiwiri ndipo amasewera wothandiza kusintha mbali.
5. Padzakhala thovu pamwamba pa matope ndi fluidity yoposa 250mm, koma gulu lopanda kanthu popanda cellulose ether nthawi zambiri alibe thovu kapena thovu laling'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti cellulose ether ili ndi mpweya wina. mphamvu ndi kupangitsa slurry viscous. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope omwe ali ndi madzi ochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya wa mpweya uyandame chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa slurry, koma umasungidwa mumatope, ndipo mphamvu zake pa mphamvu sizingatheke. kunyalanyazidwa.
Mutu 4 Zotsatira za Cellulose Ethers pa Mechanical Properties of Mortar
Mutu wapitawo anaphunzira zotsatira za ophatikizana ntchito mapadi efa ndi zosiyanasiyana mchere admixtures pa fluidity wa slurry woyera ndi mkulu fluidity matope. Mutuwu makamaka ukusanthula kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kophatikizana kwa cellulose ether ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana pamatope apamwamba amadzimadzi Ndi chikoka cha mphamvu yopondereza ndi yosunthika ya matope omangira, komanso ubale wapakati pamphamvu yomangirira ya matope omangira ndi cellulose ether ndi mineral. admixtures nawonso mwachidule ndi kusanthula.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ntchito ya mapadi etere kuti zinthu simenti zochokera phala koyera ndi matope mu Mutu 3, mu mbali ya mayeso mphamvu, zili mapadi etere ndi 0,1%.
4.1 Mayeso okakamiza komanso osinthika amphamvu yamadzimadzi ambiri
Mphamvu zophatikizika ndi zosinthika zama mineral admixtures ndi cellulose ethers mumtondo wothira wamadzimadzi kwambiri adafufuzidwa.
4.1.1 Mayeso a chikoka pa matope ophatikizika komanso osinthika a simenti yopangidwa ndi simenti yayikulu
Zotsatira za mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers pa compressive ndi flexural properties of pure simenti-based high-fluid mortar pazaka zosiyanasiyana pazitsulo zokhazikika za 0,1% zinachitikira pano.
Kusanthula kwamphamvu koyambirira: Pankhani ya mphamvu yosinthika, CMC ili ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira, pomwe HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zina zochepetsera; ponena za mphamvu yopondereza, kuphatikizidwa kwa cellulose ether kuli ndi lamulo lofanana ndi mphamvu yosinthasintha; kukhuthala kwa HPMC kumakhudza mphamvu ziwiri. Zili ndi zotsatira zochepa: potengera kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika, ma ether onse atatu a cellulose amatha kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa matope. Pakati pawo, HPMC yokhala ndi mamasukidwe a 150,000 imakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso oyerekeza mphamvu za masiku asanu ndi awiri
Kusanthula mphamvu za masiku asanu ndi awiri: Pankhani ya mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu yopondereza, pali lamulo lofanana ndi mphamvu ya masiku atatu. Poyerekeza ndi kupanikizika kwa masiku atatu, pali kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mphamvu yopinda. Komabe, kuyerekezera kwa deta ya nthawi yomweyi kungathe kuona zotsatira za HPMC pa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kuponderezana. zoonekeratu.
(3) Masiku makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu zotsatira zoyerekeza mphamvu
Kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa masiku makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu: Pankhani ya mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu yopondereza, pali malamulo ofanana ndi mphamvu ya masiku atatu. Mphamvu ya flexural imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza imakulabe mpaka kufika pamlingo wina. Kuyerekeza kwanthawi yazaka zomwezo kukuwonetsa kuti HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana.
Malingana ndi kuyesedwa kwa mphamvu kwa gawoli, zikuwoneka kuti kuwongolera kwa brittleness ya matope kumachepa ndi CMC, ndipo nthawi zina chiŵerengero cha compression-to-fold chimawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope awonongeke kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, popeza mphamvu yosungira madzi imakhala yochuluka kuposa ya HPMC, ether ya cellulose yomwe timayiganizira poyesa mphamvu pano ndi HPMC ya ma viscosity awiri. Ngakhale kuti HPMC imakhala ndi zotsatira zina zochepetsera mphamvu (makamaka mphamvu zoyambirira), ndizopindulitsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha compression-refraction, chomwe chimapindulitsa ku kulimba kwa matope. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzi mu Chaputala 3, pophunzira kuphatikizika kwa ma admixtures ndi CE Poyesa zotsatira zake, tidzagwiritsa ntchito HPMC (100,000) ngati CE yofananira.
4.1.2 Chikoka mayeso a compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya mineral admixture high fluidity mortar
Malinga ndi mayeso a fluidity wa koyera slurry ndi matope wothira admixtures m'mutu yapita, tingaone kuti fluidity wa silika fume mwachionekere linasokonekera chifukwa lalikulu kufunika madzi, ngakhale kuti theoretically kusintha kachulukidwe ndi mphamvu kuti. pamlingo wakutiwakuti. , makamaka mphamvu yopondereza, koma n'zosavuta kuchititsa kuti chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi pindani chikhale chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matope a brittleness akhale odabwitsa, ndipo ndizogwirizana kuti silika fume imawonjezera kuchepa kwa matope. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafupa amtundu wa coarse aggregate, mtengo wa shrinkage wa matope ndi waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi konkire. Pamatope (makamaka matope apadera monga matope omangira ndi pulasitala), chovulaza chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuchepa. Kwa ming'alu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kutaya madzi, mphamvu nthawi zambiri sizinthu zofunika kwambiri. Choncho, silika fume anatayidwa monga admixture, ndi ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere ufa anagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza zotsatira zake gulu zotsatira ndi mapadi ether pa mphamvu.
4.1.2.1 Compressive and flexural strength test scheme of high fluidity mortar
Pakuyesa uku, gawo la matope mu 4.1.1 linagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zidakhazikika pa 0.1% ndikuyerekeza ndi gulu lopanda kanthu. Mlingo wa mayeso admixture ndi 0%, 10%, 20% ndi 30%.
4.1.2.2 Zotsatira zoyezetsa zolimbitsa thupi komanso zosinthasintha komanso kusanthula matope apamwamba
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pakuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kuti mphamvu yopondereza ya 3d mutawonjezera HPMC ili pafupi 5/VIPa kutsika kuposa ya gulu lopanda kanthu. Kawirikawiri, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza komwe kumawonjezeredwa, mphamvu yopondereza imasonyeza kuchepa. . Pankhani ya admixtures, mphamvu ya gulu la mchere la ufa wopanda HPMC ndilopambana, pamene mphamvu ya gulu la ntchentche phulusa ndi yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi gulu la mchere wa mchere, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mchere wa mchere siwogwira ntchito ngati simenti. ndipo kuphatikizidwa kwake kudzachepetsa pang'ono mphamvu zoyambirira za dongosolo. Phulusa la ntchentche lokhala ndi ntchito zochepa limachepetsa mphamvu mwachiwonekere. Chifukwa kusanthula ayenera kuti ntchentche phulusa makamaka nawo yachiwiri hydration ya simenti, ndipo si kumathandiza kwambiri oyambirira mphamvu ya matope.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku flexural test test values kuti HPMC ikadali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mphamvu ya flexural, koma pamene zomwe zili mu admixture zimakhala zapamwamba, chodabwitsa chochepetsera mphamvu zowonongeka sichidziwikiratu. Chifukwa chikhoza kukhala zotsatira za kusunga madzi kwa HPMC. Kutayika kwa madzi pamwamba pa chipika choyesera matope kumachepetsedwa, ndipo madzi a hydration ndi okwanira.
Pankhani ya ma admixtures, mphamvu ya flexural imasonyeza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zosakanikirana, ndipo mphamvu ya flexural ya gulu la mchere wa ufa ndilokulirapo pang'ono kuposa gulu la ntchentche phulusa, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ntchito ya mchere ufa ndi chachikulu kuposa phulusa la ntchentche.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamtengo wowerengeka wa chiŵerengero chochepetsera kuponderezana kuti kuwonjezera kwa HPMC kudzachepetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kuponderezedwa ndikuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa matope, koma kwenikweni ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopondereza.
Pankhani ya admixtures, monga kuchuluka kwa admixture ukuwonjezeka, psinjika-khola chiŵerengero amakonda kuwonjezeka, kusonyeza kuti admixture si yabwino kusinthasintha kwa matope. Komanso, zitha kupezeka kuti psinjika-khola chiŵerengero cha matope popanda HPMC kuwonjezeka ndi Kuwonjezera admixture. Kuwonjezekako kumakhala kokulirapo pang'ono, ndiye kuti, HPMC imatha kuwongolera matope opangidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa zosakaniza kumlingo wina.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti chifukwa cha mphamvu yopondereza ya 7d, zotsatira zoipa za admixtures sizikuwonekeranso. Miyezo yamphamvu yopondereza imakhala yofanana pamlingo uliwonse wophatikizika, ndipo HPMC ikadali ndi vuto lodziwikiratu pamphamvu yokakamiza. zotsatira.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti pokhudzana ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, kusakaniza kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa 7d flexural resistance lonse, ndipo gulu lokha la mineral powders linachita bwino, makamaka losungidwa pa 11-12MPa.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti admixture ali ndi zotsatira zoipa ponena za chiwerengero cha indentation. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa admixture, chiwerengero cha indentation chimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndiko kuti, matope ndi brittle. HPMC mwachiwonekere ikhoza kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndikuwongolera kuphulika kwamatope.
Zitha kuwonedwa kuti kuchokera ku 28d compressive mphamvu, kusakaniza kwakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri pa mphamvu yapambuyo pake, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza yawonjezeka ndi 3-5MPa, yomwe makamaka chifukwa cha kudzazidwa kwa micro-admixture. ndi pozzolanic zinthu. Mphamvu yachiwiri ya hydration ya zinthuzo, kumbali imodzi, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwononga calcium hydroxide yopangidwa ndi simenti ya simenti (calcium hydroxide ndi gawo lofooka mumatope, ndipo kulemeretsa kwake mu zone yosinthira mawonekedwe kumawononga mphamvu), kutulutsa zambiri Zopangira za hydration, Komano, zimalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa simenti ya hydration ndikupangitsa kuti matopewo akhale owundana. HPMC ikadali ndi vuto lalikulu pa mphamvu yopondereza, ndipo mphamvu yofowoka imatha kufika kupitilira 10MPa. Kusanthula zifukwa, HPMC imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa thovu la mpweya munjira yosakaniza matope, zomwe zimachepetsa kuphatikizika kwa thupi lamatope. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi. HPMC mosavuta adsorbed padziko olimba particles kupanga filimu, kulepheretsa hydration ndondomeko, ndi mawonekedwe kusintha zone ndi chofooka, amene si abwino mphamvu.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti ponena za 28d flexural mphamvu, deta ili ndi kufalikira kwakukulu kuposa mphamvu yopondereza, koma zotsatira zoipa za HPMC zikhoza kuwonekabe.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti, potengera kuchuluka kwa kutsitsa-kuchepetsa, HPMC nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindulitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana ndikuwongolera kulimba kwa matope. Mu gulu limodzi, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa admixtures, psinjika-refraction chiŵerengero kumawonjezeka. Kuwunika pazifukwa kumasonyeza kuti kusakaniza kumakhala ndi kusintha koonekeratu mu mphamvu yopondereza pambuyo pake, koma kusintha kochepa mu mphamvu yosinthika pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero cha psinjika-refraction. kusintha.
4.2 Mayesero okakamiza komanso osinthasintha amatope omangika
Pofuna kufufuza chikoka cha cellulose ether ndi admixture pa compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope matope, kuyesera anakonza zili mapadi etere HPMC (kukhuthala kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe 100,000) monga 0,30% youma kulemera kwa matope. ndipo poyerekeza ndi gulu lopanda kanthu.
Zosakaniza (zouluka phulusa ndi ufa wa slag) zimayesedwabe pa 0%, 10%, 20%, ndi 30%.
4.2.1 Compressive and flexural strength test scheme of bonded mortar
4.2.2 Zotsatira za mayeso ndi kusanthula mphamvu ya compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope bonded
Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera kukuyesera kuti HPMC mwachiwonekere ili yosavomerezeka malinga ndi mphamvu ya 28d yopondereza ya matope omangirira, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti mphamvuyo ichepe ndi pafupifupi 5MPa, koma chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuweruza khalidwe la matope omangirira siwo. compressive mphamvu, kotero izo ndi zovomerezeka; Pamene zomwe zili pawiri ndi 20%, mphamvu yopondereza imakhala yabwino.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti kuchokera ku mphamvu yosinthika, kuchepetsa mphamvu komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi HPMC sikuli kwakukulu. Zitha kukhala kuti matope omangirira amakhala ndi madzi ocheperako komanso mawonekedwe apulasitiki owoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi matope amadzi ambiri. Zotsatira zabwino za kuterera ndi kusunga madzi bwino zimathetsa zovuta zina zobwera chifukwa cha kuyambitsa mpweya kuti muchepetse kuphatikizika ndi kufooka kwa mawonekedwe; admixtures alibe zotsatira zoonekeratu pa mphamvu flexural, ndi deta ya ntchentche phulusa gulu zimasinthasintha pang'ono.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zoyesera zomwe, ponena za chiwerengero cha kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kawirikawiri, kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zosakanikirana kumawonjezera kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kupanikizika, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kulimba kwa matope; HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zingachepetse chiŵerengero chochepetsera mphamvu ndi O. 5 pamwambapa, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa kuti, molingana ndi "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", nthawi zambiri palibe chofunikira. kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana-kupinda mu chiwerengero chodziwikiratu cha matope omangira, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa matope opaka, ndipo ndondomekoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidziwitso cha kusinthasintha kwa mgwirizano. matope.
4.3 Kuyesa Kwamphamvu kwa Bonding kwa Bonding Mortar
Kuti mufufuze malamulo okhudza kaphatikizidwe ka cellulose ether ndi kusakaniza pa mphamvu ya bond ya matope omangika, tchulani "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" ndi "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation System”, tinachita mayeso a mphamvu zomangira matope omangira, pogwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha matope omangika mu Table 4.2.1, ndi kukonza zomwe zili mu cellulose etha HPMC (makamaka 100,000) ku 0 ya kulemera kouma kwa matope .30% , ndi kuyerekeza ndi gulu lopanda kanthu.
Zosakaniza (zouluka phulusa ndi ufa wa slag) zimayesedwabe pa 0%, 10%, 20%, ndi 30%.
4.3.1 Chiwembu choyesera cha mphamvu ya bond ya bond mortar
4.3.2 Zotsatira zoyesa ndikuwunika mphamvu ya bond ya bond mortar
(1) 14d zotsatira zoyesa mphamvu za bond za matope omangira ndi matope a simenti
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti magulu omwe adawonjezeredwa ndi HPMC ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa gulu lopanda kanthu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti HPMC imapindulitsa ku mphamvu yolumikizirana, makamaka chifukwa chosungira madzi cha HPMC chimateteza madzi pamawonekedwe olumikizana pakati pa matope ndi matope. chipika choyesera matope a simenti. Mtondo womangirira pamawonekedwewo uli ndi hydrated mokwanira, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu yomangira.
Pankhani ya admixtures, mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndi yokwera kwambiri pa mlingo wa 10%, ndipo ngakhale kuti digiri ya hydration ndi liwiro la simenti ikhoza kusinthidwa pa mlingo waukulu, zingayambitse kuchepa kwa hydration digiri ya simenti. zakuthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kumamatira. kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mfundo.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti potengera mtengo wa mayeso a nthawi yogwira ntchito, deta imakhala yosiyana, ndipo kusakaniza kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa, koma kawirikawiri, poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yoyambirira, pali kuchepa kwina, ndipo kuchepa kwa HPMC ndi kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi gulu lopanda kanthu, kusonyeza kuti Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kusungirako madzi kwa HPMC kumapindulitsa kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa madzi, kotero kuti kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya matope kumachepa pambuyo pa 2.5h.
(2) 14d chomangira mphamvu mayeso zotsatira za matope matope ndi wowonjezera polystyrene bolodi
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukuyesera kuti mtengo woyesera wa mphamvu ya mgwirizano pakati pa matope omangirira ndi bolodi la polystyrene ndizosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zitha kuwoneka kuti gulu losakanizidwa ndi HPMC ndilothandiza kwambiri kuposa gulu lopanda kanthu chifukwa chosunga madzi bwino. Chabwino, kuphatikizidwa kwa zosakaniza kumachepetsa kukhazikika kwa mayeso a mphamvu ya bond.
4.4 Chidule Chachidule
1. Kwa matope apamwamba, ndi kukula kwa msinkhu, chiŵerengero cha compressive-fold ratio chimakhala chokwera; kuphatikizidwa kwa HPMC kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu zochepetsera mphamvu (kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopondereza kumakhala koonekeratu), zomwe zimabweretsanso Kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana, ndiko kuti, HPMC ili ndi chithandizo chodziwikiratu pakuwongolera kulimba kwamatope. . Pankhani ya mphamvu ya masiku atatu, phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wa mchere ukhoza kuthandizira pang'ono ku mphamvu pa 10%, pamene mphamvu imachepa pa mlingo waukulu, ndipo chiŵerengero chophwanyidwa chikuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mchere wa admixtures; mu mphamvu ya masiku asanu ndi awiri, The admixtures awiri ali ndi zotsatira zochepa pa mphamvu, koma zotsatira zonse za ntchentche phulusa mphamvu kuchepetsa akadali zoonekeratu; ponena za mphamvu ya masiku a 28, zosakaniza ziwirizi zathandizira ku mphamvu, kukakamiza komanso kusinthasintha. Onsewo adawonjezedwa pang'ono, koma chiŵerengero cha kukakamiza chikuwonjezekabe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili.
2. Kwa 28d compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope omangika, pamene admixture okhutira ndi 20%, compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ntchito bwino, ndi admixture akadali kuchititsa kuwonjezeka pang'ono mu compressive-khola chiŵerengero, kusonyeza Choipa. zotsatira pa kulimba kwa matope; HPMC imabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, koma imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiŵerengero cha compression-to-fold.
3. Ponena za mphamvu ya chomangira cha matope omangika, HPMC ili ndi chikoka china chabwino pa mphamvu ya chomangira. Kusanthula kuyenera kukhala kuti mphamvu yake yosungira madzi imachepetsa kutayika kwa chinyezi chamatope ndikuwonetsetsa kuti hydration yokwanira; Ubale pakati pa osakaniza si nthawi zonse, ndipo ntchito yonse bwino ndi simenti matope pamene zili 10%.
Mutu 5 Njira Yolosera Mphamvu Yoponderezedwa ya Tondo ndi Konkire
M'mutu uno, njira yodziwira mphamvu ya zinthu zopangira simenti potengera coefficient ya ntchito ya admixture ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya FERET. Poyamba timaganiza za matope ngati konkriti yamtundu wapadera wopanda zophatikizika.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mphamvu yopondereza ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pazida zopangira simenti (konkire ndi matope) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamapangidwe. Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zokopa, palibe masamu omwe anganene molondola kukula kwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina pakupanga, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matope ndi konkriti. Zitsanzo zomwe zilipo za mphamvu za konkire zili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zawo: ena amaneneratu mphamvu ya konkire kudzera mu porosity ya konkire kuchokera kumalo odziwika bwino a porosity ya zipangizo zolimba; zina zimayang'ana pa chikoka cha chiŵerengero cha madzi-binder pa mphamvu. Pepalali makamaka limaphatikiza coefficient ya pozzolanic admixture ndi nthanthi ya mphamvu ya Feret, ndipo imapanga zosintha zina kuti zikhale zolondola kwambiri kuneneratu mphamvu yopondereza.
5.1 Chiphunzitso Champhamvu cha Feret
Mu 1892, Feret anakhazikitsa chitsanzo choyambirira cha masamu cholosera mphamvu zopondereza. Pansi pamalingaliro azinthu zopangira konkriti, chilinganizo cholosera mphamvu za konkriti chikuperekedwa koyamba.
Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ndende ya grout, yomwe imagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya konkire, imakhala ndi tanthauzo lodziwika bwino la thupi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu ya mpweya imaganiziridwa, ndipo kulondola kwa ndondomekoyi kungathe kutsimikiziridwa mwakuthupi. Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi ndikuti imasonyeza chidziwitso kuti pali malire a mphamvu ya konkire yomwe ingapezeke. The sangathe ndi kuti amanyalanyaza chikoka cha akaphatikiza tinthu kukula, tinthu mawonekedwe ndi akaphatikiza mtundu. Polosera za mphamvu ya konkire pazaka zosiyanasiyana posintha mtengo wa K, mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu ndi zaka zosiyana zimasonyezedwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa chiyambi chogwirizanitsa. Kupindika sikumagwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili (makamaka pamene msinkhu uli wautali). Zachidziwikire, njira iyi yopangidwa ndi Feret idapangidwira matope a 10.20MPa. Sizingagwirizane mokwanira ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya konkire ya konkire ndi mphamvu yowonjezera zigawo chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa luso lamakono la konkire.
Pano amaonedwa kuti mphamvu ya konkire (makamaka konkire wamba) makamaka zimadalira mphamvu ya matope simenti mu konkire, ndi mphamvu ya simenti matope amadalira kachulukidwe wa phala simenti, ndiko kuti, voliyumu kuchuluka. za zinthu za simenti mu phala.
Chiphunzitsochi chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi zotsatira za void ratio factor pa mphamvu. Komabe, chifukwa chiphunzitsocho chinaperekedwa kale, chikoka cha zigawo za admixture pa mphamvu ya konkire sichinaganizidwe. Poganizira izi, pepalali liwonetsa mphamvu ya admixture coefficient potengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito kuti ikonzedwe pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, pamaziko a chilinganizo ichi, chikoka cha porosity pa mphamvu ya konkire chimamangidwanso.
5.2 Coefficient ya ntchito
Coefficient ya ntchito, Kp, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza zotsatira za zinthu za pozzolanic pa mphamvu yopondereza. Mwachiwonekere, zimadalira chikhalidwe cha zinthu za pozzolanic zokha, komanso zaka za konkire. Mfundo yodziwira coefficient ya ntchito ndikuyerekeza mphamvu yopondereza ya matope okhazikika ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya matope ena okhala ndi pozzolanic admixtures ndikusintha simentiyo ndi mtundu womwewo wa simenti (dziko p ndiye kuyesa koyezera ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito surrogate). maperesenti). Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ziwirizi chimatchedwa ntchito coefficient fO), pamene t ndi zaka za matope panthawi yoyesedwa. Ngati fO) ndi ochepera 1, ntchito ya pozzolan ndi yocheperako kuposa simenti R. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati fO) ndi yaikulu kuposa 1, pozzolan imakhala ndi reactivity yapamwamba (izi zimachitika pamene silika fume yawonjezedwa).
Pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamasiku 28 amphamvu, malinga ndi ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated kuphulika ng'anjo ya slag ufa wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu simenti ndi konkire) H90, gawo la ntchito ya granulated blast ng'anjo ya slag ufa uli mumatope a simenti zopezedwa m'malo 50% simenti pamaziko a mayeso molingana ((GBT1596.2005 Ntchentche phulusa ntchito simenti ndi konkire), coefficient ntchito ntchentche phulusa analandira pambuyo m'malo 30% simenti pamaziko a muyezo simenti matope; mayeso Malinga "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume kwa Tondo ndi Konkire", ntchito coefficient wa silika fume ndi mphamvu chiŵerengero anapezerapo m'malo 10% simenti pamaziko a muyezo simenti matope mayeso.
Nthawi zambiri, granulated blast ng'anjo slag ufa Kp=0.95～1.10, fly ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Timaganiza kuti zotsatira zake pa mphamvu sizidalira simenti. Ndiko kuti, limagwirira wa pozzolanic anachita ayenera kulamulidwa ndi reactivity wa pozzolan, osati ndi laimu mpweya mlingo wa simenti hydration.
5.3 Yambitsani coefficient of admixture pa mphamvu
5.4 Kutengera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa pa mphamvu
5.5 Yambitsani kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu
Malinga ndi maganizo a aphunzitsi PK Mehta ndi PC Aitcin mu United States, kuti tikwaniritse workability bwino ndi mphamvu katundu HPC pa nthawi yomweyo, voliyumu chiŵerengero cha simenti slurry kuti akaphatikiza ayenera 35:65 [4810] Chifukwa za plasticity ambiri ndi fluidity Chiwerengero chonse cha konkriti sichimasintha kwambiri. Malingana ngati mphamvu ya aggregate base material yokha ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomekoyi, chikoka cha kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mphamvu chimanyalanyazidwa, ndipo gawo lonse la gawoli likhoza kutsimikiziridwa mkati mwa 60-70% malinga ndi zofunikira za slump. .
Amakhulupirira kuti chiŵerengero cha coarse ndi chabwino aggregates chidzakhala ndi chikoka pa mphamvu ya konkire. Monga tonse tikudziwa, gawo lofooka kwambiri mu konkriti ndi gawo losinthira mawonekedwe pakati pa simenti ndi phala la simenti. Choncho, kulephera komaliza kwa konkire wamba ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa malo osinthira mawonekedwe pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo chifukwa cha zinthu monga katundu kapena kusintha kwa kutentha. chifukwa cha kukula kosalekeza kwa ming'alu. Choncho, pamene mlingo wa hydration uli wofanana, kukula kwa mawonekedwe osinthira mawonekedwe kumakhala kosavuta, mng'alu woyambirira umayamba kukhala wautali kupyolera mu mng'alu pambuyo pa kupsinjika maganizo. Ndiko kunena kuti, ma aggregates owoneka bwino kwambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe a geometric wokhazikika komanso masikelo akulu mu gawo losinthira mawonekedwe, m'pamenenso kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ming'alu yoyambira, ndi macroscopically kuwonetseredwa kuti mphamvu ya konkire imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa coarse aggregate. chiŵerengero. kuchepetsedwa. Komabe, mfundo yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yakuti imafunika kukhala mchenga wapakati wokhala ndi matope ochepa kwambiri.
Mchenga umakhalanso ndi chikoka pa kugwa. Choncho, mlingo wa mchenga akhoza preset ndi zofunika kugwa, ndipo angadziŵike mkati 32% kuti 46% kwa konkire wamba.
Kuchuluka ndi zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza ndi mchere admixtures zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero mix. Mu konkire wamba, kuchuluka kwa mchere wosakanikirana kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 40%, pomwe konkire yamphamvu kwambiri, utsi wa silika suyenera kupitirira 10%. Kuchuluka kwa simenti sikuyenera kupitirira 500kg/m3.
5.6 Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera iyi potsogolera chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsera kosakanikirana
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izi:
Simenti ndi E042.5 simenti yopangidwa ndi Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, Province la Shandong, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 3.19 / cm3;
Ntchentche phulusa ndi kalasi II mpira phulusa lopangidwa ndi Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, ndipo ntchito yake coefficient ndi O. 828, kachulukidwe ake ndi 2.59/cm3;
Utsi wa silika wopangidwa ndi Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. uli ndi coefficient ya 1.10 ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.59/cm3;
Mchenga wa mtsinje wouma wa Taian uli ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.6 g/cm3, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka 1480kg/m3, ndi fineness modulus ya Mx=2.8;
Jinan Ganggou amatulutsa mwala wophwanyidwa wouma wa 5-'25mm wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za 1500kg/m3 ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 2.7∥cm3;
Mankhwala ochepetsera madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amapanga aliphatic apamwamba kwambiri ochepetsera madzi, omwe ali ndi madzi ochepetsera 20%; Mlingo weniweni umatsimikiziridwa moyesera molingana ndi zofunikira za slump. Kukonzekera koyeserera kwa C30 konkire, kutsika kumafunika kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 90mm.
1. kupanga mphamvu
2. mchenga khalidwe
3. Kutsimikiza kwa Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kulimba Kulikonse
4. Pemphani kumwa madzi
5. Mlingo wa mankhwala ochepetsa madzi amasinthidwa malinga ndi kufunikira kwa slump. Mlingo ndi 1%, ndipo Ma = 4kg amawonjezeredwa ku misa.
6. Mwanjira iyi, chiŵerengero chowerengera chimapezeka
7. Pambuyo poyesa kusakaniza, ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za slump. Mphamvu yopondereza ya 28d ndi 39.32MPa, yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira.
5.7 Chidule Chachidule
Pankhani yonyalanyaza kuyanjana kwa ma admixtures I ndi F, takambirana za coefficient ya ntchito ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret, ndikupeza chikoka cha zinthu zingapo pa mphamvu ya konkire:
1 konkire admixture amakhudza koyefiyanti
2 Yambitsani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa
3 Yambitsani coefficient of aggregate composition
4 Kuyerekezera kwenikweni. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti njira yolosera mphamvu ya 28d ya konkire yowongoleredwa ndi coefficient ya ntchito ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret ikugwirizana bwino ndi momwe zilili, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsogolera kukonza matope ndi konkire.
Mutu 6 Kumaliza ndi Chiyembekezo
6.1 Zotsatira zazikulu
Gawo loyamba limafanizira mozama kuyesa koyera komanso kutsekemera kwamatope kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchere yosakanikirana ndi mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ether, ndipo imapeza malamulo akulu awa:
1. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi zina zochedwetsa komanso zopatsa mpweya. Pakati pawo, CMC ili ndi mphamvu yosungira madzi yofooka pa mlingo wochepa, ndipo imakhala ndi kutaya kwina kwa nthawi; pamene HPMC imakhala ndi kusungirako madzi kwakukulu ndi kukhuthala, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri madzi amtundu wa zamkati ndi matope, ndipo The thickening zotsatira za HPMC ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kwadzina kumawonekera pang'ono.
2. Pakati pa zosakaniza, madzi oyambirira ndi theka la ola la ntchentche phulusa pa slurry yoyera ndi matope asinthidwa pamlingo wina. The 30% zili zoyera slurry mayeso akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi za 30mm; fluidity ya mchere ufa pa slurry woyera ndi matope Palibe lamulo lodziwikiratu la chikoka; ngakhale zili mu silika fume ndi otsika, wapadera kopitilira muyeso-fineness, kufulumira kuchitapo, ndi adsorption amphamvu zimapangitsa izo kukhala ndi zotsatira kuchepetsa kwambiri pa fluidity woyera slurry ndi matope, makamaka ngati wosakanikirana ndi 0.15 Pamene% HPMC, padzakhala chodabwitsa kuti chulucho kufa sangathe kudzazidwa. Poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso a slurry oyera, amapezeka kuti zotsatira za admixture mu mayeso a matope zimakhala zofooka. Pankhani ya kulamulira magazi, ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere ufa si zoonekeratu. Utsi wa silika ukhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magazi, koma sikuthandiza kuchepetsa kutaya kwamatope ndi kutaya kwa nthawi, ndipo n'zosavuta kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
3. Pazosintha zosiyanasiyana za kusintha kwa mlingo, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza madzi a simenti-based slurry, mlingo wa HPMC ndi silika fume ndizozikuluzikulu, poyang'anira kutuluka kwa magazi ndi kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, ndizowonekeratu. Mphamvu ya phulusa la malasha ndi mchere wa mchere ndi yachiwiri ndipo imagwira ntchito yothandiza.
4. Mitundu itatu ya ma cellulose ethers imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thovu zisefukire pamwamba pa slurry yoyera. Komabe, pamene zili HPMC kufika oposa 0,1%, chifukwa mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe a slurry, thovu sangathe kusungidwa mu slurry. kusefukira. Padzakhala thovu padziko matope ndi fluidity pamwamba 250ram, koma akusowekapo gulu popanda cellulose efa zambiri alibe thovu kapena thovu ochepa kwambiri, kusonyeza kuti mapadi efa ali ndi ena mpweya-entraining zotsatira ndipo kumapangitsa slurry. viscous. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope omwe ali ndi madzi ochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya wa mpweya uyandame chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa slurry, koma umasungidwa mumatope, ndipo mphamvu zake pa mphamvu sizingatheke. kunyalanyazidwa.
Gawo lachiwiri la Mortar Mechanical Properties
1. Kwa matope apamwamba, ndi kukula kwa msinkhu, chiŵerengero chophwanyidwa chimakhala chokwera; Kuwonjezera kwa HPMC kumakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu zochepetsera mphamvu (kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopondereza kumakhala koonekeratu), zomwe zimabweretsanso kuphwanya Kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero, ndiko kuti, HPMC ili ndi chithandizo chodziwikiratu kuti chiwongolere kulimba kwamatope. Pankhani ya mphamvu ya masiku atatu, phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wa mchere ukhoza kuthandizira pang'ono ku mphamvu pa 10%, pamene mphamvu imachepa pa mlingo waukulu, ndipo chiŵerengero chophwanyidwa chikuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mchere wa admixtures; mu mphamvu ya masiku asanu ndi awiri, The admixtures awiri ali ndi zotsatira zochepa pa mphamvu, koma zotsatira zonse za ntchentche phulusa mphamvu kuchepetsa akadali zoonekeratu; ponena za mphamvu ya masiku a 28, zosakaniza ziwirizi zathandizira ku mphamvu, kukakamiza komanso kusinthasintha. Onsewo adawonjezedwa pang'ono, koma chiŵerengero cha kukakamiza chikuwonjezekabe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili.
2. Kwa 28d compressive ndi flexural mphamvu ya matope omangika, pamene osakaniza okhutira ndi 20%, mphamvu ya compressive ndi flexural ndi yabwino, ndipo kusakaniza kumatsogolerabe kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa chiŵerengero cha compressive-to-fold, kuwonetsera zotsatira pa matope. Zotsatira zoyipa za kulimba; HPMC kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu.
3. Ponena za mphamvu ya chomangira cha matope omangika, HPMC ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mphamvu ya mgwirizano. Kusanthula kuyenera kukhala kuti kusungirako madzi kumachepetsa kutayika kwa madzi mumtondo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti hydration yokwanira. Mphamvu ya mgwirizano imagwirizana ndi admixture. Ubale pakati pa mlingo suli wokhazikika, ndipo magwiridwe antchito onse amakhala bwino ndi matope a simenti pomwe mlingo ndi 10%.
4. CMC si yoyenera zipangizo za simenti zopangira simenti, zotsatira zake zosungira madzi sizikuwonekera, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimapangitsa kuti matope awonongeke; pomwe HPMC imatha kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndi pindani ndikuwongolera kulimba kwa matope, koma ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.
5. Zofunikira zamadzimadzi ndi mphamvu, HPMC zili ndi 0.1% ndizoyenera kwambiri. Pamene ntchentche phulusa ntchito structural kapena kulimbikitsa matope kuti amafuna mofulumira kuumitsa ndi mphamvu oyambirira, mlingo sayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri, ndipo pazipita mlingo ndi pafupifupi 10%. Zofunikira; poganizira zinthu monga kusakhazikika kwa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa ufa ndi silika fume, ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 10% ndi n 3% motsatira. Zotsatira za admixtures ndi cellulose ethers sizigwirizana kwambiri, ndi
kukhala ndi zotsatira zodziimira.
Gawo lachitatu Pankhani ya kunyalanyaza kuyanjana pakati pa admixtures, kupyolera mu zokambirana za coefficient ya ntchito ya mineral admixtures ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu ya Feret, chikoka cha lamulo la zinthu zambiri pa mphamvu ya konkire (matope) imapezeka:
1. Mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya madzi
3. Chikoka pakupanga aggregate
4. Kuyerekeza kwenikweni kumasonyeza kuti njira yolosera mphamvu ya 28d ya konkire yokonzedwa bwino ndi coefficient ya ntchito ndi mphamvu ya Feret mphamvu imagwirizana bwino ndi momwe zinthu zilili, ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsogolera kukonzekera matope ndi konkire.
6.2 Zofooka ndi Zomwe Zingatheke
Pepalali makamaka limaphunzira za fluidity ndi makina amakina a phala loyera ndi matope a binary cementitious system. Zotsatira ndi chikoka cha machitidwe ophatikizana azinthu zambiri za simenti ziyenera kuphunziridwanso. Munjira yoyesera, kusasinthika kwamatope ndi stratification zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira za cellulose ether pa kusasinthika ndi kusunga madzi mumatope amawerengedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether. Komanso, microstructure wa matope pansi pa pawiri zochita za cellulose ether ndi mchere admixture nawonso ayenera kuphunzira.
Ma cellulose ether tsopano ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zophatikizira mumatope osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake zabwino zosungira madzi zimatalikitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matope, zimapangitsa kuti matope akhale ndi thixotropy wabwino, komanso amathandizira kulimba kwa matope. Ndi yabwino yomanga; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la ntchentche ndi ufa wa mchere monga zinyalala zamafakitale mumatope zimathanso kupanga phindu lalikulu pazachuma ndi chilengedwe
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-29-2022