Zopangira za Cellulose Ether

Kupanga kwapamwamba kukhuthala kwa zamkati kwa cellulose ether kunaphunziridwa. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuphika ndi bleaching mu ndondomeko ya high-viscosity zamkati kupanga zinakambidwa. Malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna, kudzera muyeso limodzi lachiyeso ndi njira yoyeserera ya orthogonal, kuphatikiza ndi zida zenizeni zamakampani, magawo opanga mapangidwe a viscosity yayikulu.thonje woyengedwazamkati zopangirakwa cellulose ether atsimikiza. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi yopangira, kuyera kwapamwamba kwambiriwoyengedwathonje zamkati opangidwa mapalo ether ndi≥85%, ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe≥1800 ml / g.

Mawu ofunikira: mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe zamkati kwa mapadi ether; kupanga; kuphika; kuthirira

Ma cellulose ndiye wochulukira kwambiri komanso wongowonjezwdwanso polima zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Lili ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtengo wotsika, komanso kukonda chilengedwe. Mndandanda wazinthu zochokera ku cellulose zitha kupezeka kudzera mukusintha kwamankhwala. Cellulose ether ndi polima pawiri momwe haidrojeni mu gulu la hydroxyl pa cellulose glucose unit imasinthidwa ndi gulu la hydrocarbon. Pambuyo pa etherification, mapadi amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunula alkali solution ndi organic solvent, ndipo amakhala ndi thermoplasticity. China ndi yomwe imapanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso imagula ether ya cellulose, yomwe ikukula chaka chilichonse kuposa 20%. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma cellulose ether omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, simenti, mafuta, chakudya, nsalu, zotsukira, utoto, mankhwala, kupanga mapepala ndi zida zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena.

Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha gawo la zotumphukira monga cellulose ether, kufunikira kwa zopangira zake kukukulirakulira. Zida zazikulu zopangira ma cellulose ether ndi zamkati za thonje, zamkati zamatabwa, zamkati zansungwi, ndi zina zambiri. Pakati pawo, thonje ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chokhala ndi cellulose yapamwamba kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo dziko langa ndi dziko lalikulu lopanga thonje, kotero zamkati za thonje ndi chinthu chabwino chopangira kupanga cellulose ether. Kwapadera anayambitsa yachilendo zida wapadera ndi luso kupanga wapadera mapadi, utenga otsika kutentha otsika alkali kuphika, wobiriwira mosalekeza bleaching luso kupanga, mokwanira basi kulamulira ndondomeko kupanga, ndondomeko ulamuliro molondola wafika pa mlingo wapamwamba wa makampani omwewo kunyumba ndi kunja. . Pa pempho la makasitomala kunyumba ndi kunja, kampani yachita kafukufuku ndi chitukuko zatsopano pa makulidwe apamwamba a thonje zamkati za cellulose ether, ndipo zitsanzo zalandiridwa bwino ndi makasitomala.

1. Yesani

1.1 Zopangira

Mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe zamkati kwa mapadi ether ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika mkulu kuyera, mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi otsika fumbi. Poona makhalidwe a mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe thonje zamkati kwa mapadi efa, choyamba, ulamuliro okhwima unachitika pa kusankha zipangizo, ndi linters thonje ndi kukhwima mkulu, mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe, palibe filament atatu, ndi otsika thonje mbewu. zinthu za m'mabotolo anasankhidwa ngati zopangira. Malinga ndi linters pamwamba thonje Malinga ndi zofunika zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, izo anatsimikiza ntchito linters thonje Xinjiang monga zopangira kupanga mkulu-makamakamakamakamakamakamakayendedwe zamkati kwa mapadi ether. Zizindikiro zamtundu wa Xinjiang cashmere ndi: kukhuthala≥2000 mL/g, kukhwima≥70%, sulfuric acid osasungunuka kanthu≤6.0%, phulusa≤1.7%.

1.2 Zida ndi mankhwala

Zida zoyesera: PL-100 mphika wophikira magetsi (Chengyang Taisite Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd.), chida chosambira madzi nthawi zonse (Longkou Electric Furnace Factory), PHSJ 3F mwatsatanetsatane pH mita (Shanghai Yidian Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.), Capillary viscometer, WSB～2 mita yoyera (Jinan Sanquan Zhongshishi

Laboratory Instrument Co., Ltd.).

Mankhwala oyesera: NaOH, HCl, NaClO, H2O2, NaSiO3.

1.3 Njira yopangira

Zovala za thonje→kuphika alkali→kusamba→kukoka→bleaching (kuphatikiza chithandizo cha asidi)→kupanga zamkati→mankhwala omalizidwa→kuyesa kwa index

1.4 Zoyeserera

Njira yophikira imachokera ku ndondomeko yeniyeni yopangira, pogwiritsa ntchito kukonza zinthu zonyowa komanso njira zophikira zamchere. Mwachidule kuyeretsa ndi kuchotsa kachulukidwe thonje linters, kuwonjezera anawerengetsera lye malinga ndi madzi chiŵerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa zamchere ntchito, kwathunthu kusakaniza thonje linters ndi lye, kuziika mu thanki yophikira, ndi kuphika malinga ndi kutentha osiyana kuphika ndi kugwira nthawi. Kuphika izo. Zamkati pambuyo kuphika amatsukidwa, kumenyedwa ndi bleached ntchito pambuyo pake.

Dongosolo la Bleaching: magawo monga kuchuluka kwa zamkati ndi pH mtengo amasankhidwa mwachindunji malinga ndi mphamvu yeniyeni ya zida ndi machitidwe a bleaching, ndipo magawo ofunikira monga kuchuluka kwa bleaching agent amakambidwa kudzera pakuyesa.

Bleaching lagawidwa magawo atatu: (1) ochiritsira chisanadze chlorination siteji bleaching, kusintha zamkati ndende 3%, kuwonjezera asidi kulamulira pH mtengo wa zamkati 2.2-2.3, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa sodium hypochlorite kuti bulitchi pa. kutentha kwa chipinda kwa mphindi 40. (2) Hydrogen peroxide gawo bleaching, kusintha zamkati ndende kukhala 8%, kuwonjezera sodium hydroxide kuti alkalinize slurry, kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide ndi kuchita bleaching pa kutentha kwina (wa hydrogen peroxide bleaching gawo anawonjezera ena stabilizer sodium silicate ). Kutentha kwapadera kwa blekning, mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide ndi nthawi yoyeretsa zidafufuzidwa kudzera muzoyesera. (3) Acid chithandizo gawo: kusintha zamkati ndende 6%, kuwonjezera asidi ndi zitsulo ion kuchotsa zothandizira mankhwala asidi, ndondomeko ya gawoli ikuchitika molingana ndi ochiritsira ochiritsira thonje zamkati kupanga ndondomeko, ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni siziyenera kukambidwanso moyesera.

Panthawi yoyeserera, gawo lililonse la kuthirira limasintha kuchuluka kwa zamkati ndi pH, ndikuwonjezera gawo lina la bleaching reagent, limasakaniza zamkati ndi bleaching reagent wogawana mu thumba la pulasitiki losindikizidwa la polyethylene, ndikuliyika mumadzi osamba nthawi zonse kutentha kwanthawi zonse. bleaching kwa nthawi yodziwika. Njira yoyeretsera Chotsani sing'anga slurry mphindi 10 zilizonse, sakanizani ndikuukanda mofanana kuti mutsimikizire kufanana kwa bleaching. Pambuyo pa siteji iliyonse ya bleaching, imatsukidwa ndi madzi, kenako imapita ku gawo lina la bleaching.

1.5 Kusanthula kwa Slurry ndi kuzindikira

GB/T8940.2-2002 ndi GB/T7974-2002 ntchito pokonzekera ndi whiteness muyeso wa slurry whiteness zitsanzo motero; GB/T1548-2004 idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera kukhuthala kwa slurry.

2. Zotsatira ndi zokambirana

2.1 Kusanthula zolinga

Malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala, zizindikiro zazikulu zaukadaulo za kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa zamkati za cellulose ether ndi: kuyera.≥85%, kukhuthala≥1800 mL/g,α- cellulose≥90%, phulusa≤0.1%, chitsulo≤12 mg / kg etc. Malinga ndi zaka zambiri za kampani yopanga thonje zamkati mwapadera, poyang'anira zofunikira zophika, kutsuka ndi mankhwala a asidi pakupanga blekning,α-ma cellulose, phulusa, chitsulo chachitsulo ndi zizindikiro zina, n'zosavuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga kwenikweni. Choncho, kuyera ndi kukhuthala kumatengedwa ngati cholinga cha chitukuko choyesera.

2.2 Njira yophikira

Njira yophikira ndikuwononga khoma loyambirira la fiber ndi sodium hydroxide pansi pa kutentha kwina ndi kupanikizika, kotero kuti zonyansa zosungunuka m'madzi ndi zamchere zosungunula zopanda cellulose, mafuta ndi sera muzitsulo za thonje zimasungunuka, ndipo zomwe zili muα- cellulose kuchuluka. . Chifukwa cha kung'ambika kwa maunyolo a cellulose macromolecular panthawi yophika, kuchuluka kwa ma polymerization kumachepetsedwa ndipo kukhuthala kumachepa. Ngati digiri ya kuphika ndi yopepuka kwambiri, zamkati sizingaphikidwa bwino, bleaching wotsatira udzakhala wosauka, ndipo khalidwe la mankhwala lidzakhala losakhazikika; ngati digiri ya kuphika ndi wolemera kwambiri, mapadi unyolo maselo adzakhala depolymerize mwachiwawa ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe adzakhala otsika kwambiri. Poganizira mozama za bleachability ndi viscosity index index ya slurry, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kukhuthala kwa slurry pambuyo kuphika ndi.≥1900 mL/g, ndi kuyera ndi≥55%.

Malinga ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza momwe kuphika: kuchuluka kwa alkali yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutentha kwa kuphika, ndi nthawi yogwira, njira yoyesera ya orthogonal imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyesa kusankha njira yoyenera yophikira.

Malingana ndi deta yosauka kwambiri ya zotsatira za mayeso a orthogonal, mphamvu ya zinthu zitatu pa kuphika ndi motere: kutentha kutentha> kuchuluka kwa alkali> nthawi yogwira. Kutentha kwa kuphika ndi kuchuluka kwa alkali kumakhudza kwambiri kukhuthala ndi kuyera kwa thonje zamkati. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa kuphika ndi kuchuluka kwa alkali, kuyera kumawonjezeka, koma kukhuthala kumakonda kuchepa. Kuti apange zamkati zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zophikira zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kutengedwa momwe zingathere ndikuwonetsetsa kuyera. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza ndi data yoyesera, kutentha kophika ndi 115°C, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zamchere zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 9%. Zotsatira za kusunga nthawi pakati pa zinthu zitatuzi ndizochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zina ziwirizi. Popeza kuphika uku kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yophika ya alkali komanso yotsika kutentha, kuti muwonjezere kufanana kwa kuphika ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa kukhuthala kwa kuphika, nthawi yogwira imasankhidwa ngati mphindi 70. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza kwa A2B2C3 kunatsimikizika kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yophikira pazamkati mwamakhuthala apamwamba kwambiri. Pansi pakupanga zinthu, kuyera kwa zamkati komaliza kunali 55.3%, ndipo mamasukidwe ake anali 1945 mL/g.

2.3 Njira yotukitsira

2.3.1 Njira ya pre-chlorination

Mu gawo la pre-chlorination, sodium hypochlorite yaying'ono imawonjezeredwa ku zamkati za thonje kuti asinthe lignin mu zamkati wa thonje kukhala chlorinated lignin ndikusungunuka. Pambuyo poyeretsa mu pre-chlorination siteji, kukhuthala kwa slurry kuyenera kuwongoleredwa kuti≥1850 mL/g, ndi kuyera≥63%.

Kuchuluka kwa sodium hypochlorite ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza bleaching zotsatira mu gawoli. Pofuna kufufuza kuchuluka koyenera kwa klorini komwe kulipo, njira yoyesera chinthu chimodzi idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyesa 5 kofananira nthawi imodzi. Powonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sodium hypochlorite mu slurry, chlorine wogwira mtima mu slurry The klorini zili 0.01 g/L, 0.02 g/L, 0.03 g/L, 0.04 g/L, 0.05 g/L motero. Pambuyo bleaching, ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi BaiDu.

Kuchokera pakusintha kwa kuyera kwa thonje zamkati ndi kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kwa klorini komwe kulipo, zitha kupezeka kuti pakuwonjezeka kwa chlorine yomwe ilipo, kuyera kwa zamkati za thonje kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukhuthala kumachepa pang'onopang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa klorini komwe kuli 0.01g/L ndi 0.02g/L, kuyera kwa thonje zamkati kumakhala koyera.≤63%; pamene chlorine yomwe ilipo ndi 0.05g/L, kukhuthala kwa thonje≤1850mL/g, zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira za pre-chlorination. Segment bleaching control chizindikiro chofunika. Pamene kuchuluka kwa klorini likupezeka 0.03g/L ndi 0.04g/L, zizindikiro pambuyo bleaching ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe 1885mL/g, whiteness 63.5% ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe 1854mL/g, whiteness 64.8%. Mlingo wa mlingo umagwirizana ndi zofunikira za zizindikiro zowongolera blekning mu gawo la pre-chlorination, kotero zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mlingo wa chlorine womwe ulipo mu gawoli ndi 0.03-0.04g/L.

2.3.2 Kafukufuku wa hydrogen peroxide siteji ya bleaching process

Bleaching ya haidrojeni peroxide ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga blekning kuti muchepetse kuyera. Pambuyo pa siteji iyi, gawo la chithandizo cha asidi limachitika kuti amalize kuyeretsa. The asidi mankhwala siteji kuphatikiza wotsatira papermaking ndi kupanga siteji alibe mphamvu pa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a zamkati, ndipo akhoza kuonjezera whiteness ndi osachepera 2%. Chifukwa chake, molingana ndi zomwe zimafunikira pamtundu womaliza wamakhuthala apamwamba, zowongolera zowongolera pagawo la hydrogen peroxide bleaching siteji zimatsimikiziridwa kukhala mamasukidwe akayendedwe.≥1800 mL/g ndi kuyera≥83%.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuyeretsa kwa hydrogen peroxide ndi kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide, kutentha kwa bleaching, ndi nthawi yoyeretsa. Pofuna kukwaniritsa whiteness ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe amafuna mkulu viscous zamkati, zinthu zitatu zimakhudza bleaching zotsatira anali kusanthula orthogonal mayeso njira kudziwa zoyenera hydrogen peroxide bleaching ndondomeko magawo.

Kupyolera mu kusiyana kwambiri deta ya orthogonal mayeso, anapeza kuti chikoka cha zinthu zitatu pa bleaching zotsatira ndi: bleaching kutentha > hydrogen peroxide mlingo > bleaching nthawi. Kutentha kwa blekning ndi kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutulutsa kwamadzi. Ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa deta ya zinthu ziwiri za kutentha kwa blekning ndi kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide, kuyera kwa thonje zamkati kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukhuthala kumachepa pang'onopang'ono. Poganizira mtengo wopanga, mphamvu ya zida ndi mtundu wazinthu zonse, kutentha kwa hydrogen peroxide kumatsimikiziridwa kukhala 80.°C, ndipo hydrogen peroxide mlingo ndi 5%. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malingana ndi zotsatira zoyesera, nthawi ya blekning ya hydrogen peroxide imakhalabe ndi mphamvu zochepa pa bleaching effect, ndipo nthawi ya bleaching single-site ya hydrogen peroxide imasankhidwa ngati mphindi 80.

Malinga ndi osankhidwa hydrogen peroxide siteji bleaching ndondomeko, labotale wachita ambiri mobwerezabwereza kuyesa kutsimikizira, ndi zotsatira zoyeserera zimasonyeza kuti experimental magawo akhoza kukwaniritsa anaika chandamale zofunika.

3. Mapeto

Malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna, kudzera mu mayeso amodzi ndi mayeso a orthogonal, kuphatikiza ndi zida zenizeni za kampaniyo komanso mtengo wopangira, njira zopangira magawo apamwamba amakhuthala a cellulose ether zimatsimikiziridwa motere: (1) Njira yophika: gwiritsani ntchito 9 % ya alkali, kuphika Kutentha ndi 115°C, ndipo nthawi yogwira ndi mphindi 70. (2) Bleaching process: mu pre-chlorination gawo, mlingo wa chlorine wopezeka poyeretsa ndi 0.03-0.04 g/L; mu gawo la hydrogen peroxide, kutentha kwa bleaching ndi 80°C, mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide ndi 5%, ndipo nthawi yoyeretsa ndi mphindi 80; Acid mankhwala gawo, malinga ndi ndondomeko ochiritsira kampani.

Mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe zamkati kwacellulose etherndi thonje wapadera zamkati ndi ntchito lonse ndi mkulu anawonjezera mtengo. Pamaziko a zoyeserera zambiri, kampaniyo idapanga pawokha kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba amakhuthala amtundu wa cellulose ether. Pakalipano, kukhuthala kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa cellulose ether kwakhala imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu yopanga kampani ya Kima Chemical, ndipo mtundu wamtunduwu wadziwika ndi kuyamikiridwa ndi makasitomala kunyumba ndi kunja.