Makhalidwe a matope a gypsum

Chikoka cha zinthu za cellulose ether pa kusungidwa kwa madzi a matope a gypsum desulfurized adawunikidwa ndi njira zitatu zoyesera zosungira madzi mumatope a gypsum, ndipo zotsatira zoyesa zidafaniziridwa ndikuwunikidwa. Zotsatira za cellulose ether zomwe zili pa kusunga madzi, mphamvu zopondereza, mphamvu zosunthika komanso mphamvu zomangira za matope a gypsum zidaphunziridwa. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether kudzachepetsa mphamvu yopondereza ya matope a gypsum, kumathandizira kwambiri kusungirako madzi ndi mphamvu yomangirira, koma kukhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pamphamvu yosinthika.

Mawu ofunikira:kusunga madzi; cellulose ether; matope a gypsum

Ma cellulose ether ndi zinthu zosungunuka za polima zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe kudzera pakusungunuka kwa alkali, kulumikiza (etherification), kutsuka, kuyanika, kugaya ndi njira zina. Ma cellulose ether angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chosungira madzi, thickener, binder, dispersant, stabilizer, suspending agent, emulsifier ndi filimu kupanga thandizo, etc. matope, kotero cellulose ether ndiye polima wosungunuka m'madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope. Cellulose ether nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira madzi mu (desulfurization) matope a gypsum. Zaka zafukufuku zasonyeza kuti wothandizira madzi ali ndi mphamvu yofunikira kwambiri pa khalidwe la pulasitala ndi ntchito ya anti-plaster layer. Kusungidwa bwino kwa madzi kumatha kuwonetsetsa kuti pulasitalayo ili ndi ma Hydrates, imatsimikizira mphamvu yofunikira, imawongolera mawonekedwe a pulasitala wa stucco. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeza molondola momwe gypsum imasungidwira madzi. Pazifukwa izi, wolembayo adayerekeza njira ziwiri zoyeserera zosungira madzi zamatope kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa zotsatira za cellulose ether pakugwiritsa ntchito kasungidwe kamadzi ka gypsum, ndikuwunikanso mawonekedwe a cellulose ether pamatope a gypsum. Chikoka cha , anayesedwa experimentally.

1. Mayeso

1.1 Zopangira

Desulfurization gypsum: The flue gas desulfurization gypsum of Shanghai Shidongkou No. 2 Power Plant imapezeka poyanika pa 60°C ndi calcining pa 180°C. Cellulose ether: methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether yoperekedwa ndi Kima Chemical Company, yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 20000mPa·S; mchenga ndi mchenga wapakati.

1.2 Njira yoyesera

1.2.1 Njira yoyesera yosungira madzi

(1) Njira yoyamwa vacuum ("Plastering Gypsum" GB/T28627-2012) Dulani pepala la zosefera zapakatikati kuchokera mkati mwa fungulo la Buchner, tambani pansi pa faniyo ya Buchner, ndikuliviika ndi madzi. Ikani phazi la Buchner pa botolo la zosefera, yambitsani pampu ya vacuum, fyuluta ya 1 min, chotsani funnel ya Buchner, pukutani madzi otsalira pansi ndi pepala losefera ndikulemera (G1), molondola mpaka 0.1g. Ikani gypsum slurry yokhala ndi diffusion yokhazikika komanso kumwa madzi muzitsulo zoyezera za Buchner, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira chooneka ngati T kuti muzungulire molunjika mumphaniyo kuti mutulutsemo, kuti makulidwe a slurry asungidwe mkati mwa (10).±0.5) mm. Pukutani chotsalira cha gypsum slurry pakhoma lamkati la funnel ya Buchner, kulemera (G2), molondola mpaka 0.1g. Kutalika kwa nthawi kuyambira kumapeto kwa kugwedeza mpaka kumapeto kwa kulemera sikuyenera kupitirira 5min. Ikani funnel yoyezera ya Buchner pa botolo la fyuluta ndikuyambitsa pampu yopuma. Sinthani kukakamiza koyipa kukhala (53.33±0.67) kPa kapena (400±5) mmHg mkati mwa masekondi 30. Kusefera kwa mphindi 20, kenaka chotsani funnel ya Buchner, pukutani madzi otsalawo mkamwa yapansi ndi pepala losefera, kulemera (G3), molondola mpaka 0.1g.

(2) Sefa yamayamwidwe amadzi pamapepala (1) (muyezo waku France) Ikani matope osakanizika pamapepala angapo a fyuluta. Mitundu ya pepala losefera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi: (a) 1 wosanjikiza wa pepala losefa mwachangu lomwe limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi slurry; (b) Magawo 5 a pepala losefera kuti asefe pang'onopang'ono. Pulasitiki yozungulira mbale imakhala ngati phale, ndipo imakhala patebulo. Chotsani kulemera kwa disk ya pulasitiki ndi pepala losefera kuti musefe pang'onopang'ono (misa ndi M0). Pambuyo pulasitala wa Paris wothira madzi kupanga slurry, nthawi yomweyo anatsanulira mu yamphamvu (m'mimba mwake 56mm, kutalika 55mm) yokutidwa ndi fyuluta pepala. Pambuyo pa slurry ikukhudzana ndi pepala la fyuluta kwa mphindi 15, yesaninso pepala losefera pang'onopang'ono ndi mphasa (misa M1). Kusungidwa kwamadzi kwa pulasitala kumawonetsedwa ndi kulemera kwa madzi omwe amamwedwa pa lalikulu sentimita ya kuyamwa kwa pepala losatha, ndiko kuti: kuyamwa kwamadzi kwa pepala losefera = (M1-M0)/24.63

(3) Sefa yamayamwidwe amadzi a pepala (2) (“Miyezo ya njira zoyesera zopangira matope omangira” JGJ/T70) Yezerani kulemera kwa m1 kwa pepala losapindika ndi nkhungu yoyeserera youma ndi makulidwe a m2 a zidutswa 15 zapakati. -liwiro Mkhalidwe fyuluta pepala. Lembani chisakanizo cha matope mu nkhungu yoyeserera nthawi imodzi, ndikuyikapo ndikumenya kangapo ndi spatula. Pamene matope odzaza ndi okwera pang'ono kuposa m'mphepete mwa nkhungu yoyesera, gwiritsani ntchito spatula kuti muchotse matope owonjezera pamwamba pa nkhungu yoyesera pamtunda wa madigiri 450, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito spatula kuti muphwanye matope. pamwamba pa mayeso nkhungu pa ngodya ndi lathyathyathya. Chotsani matope m'mphepete mwa nkhungu yoyesera, ndikuyesa kulemera kwa m3 kwa nkhungu yoyesera, pepala losasunthika lochepa komanso matope. Phimbani pamwamba pa matope ndi chophimba cha fyuluta, ikani mapepala 15 a fyuluta pamwamba pa chophimba chosefera, kuphimba pamwamba pa pepala la fyuluta ndi pepala losalowetsedwa, ndikusindikiza pepala losasunthika lolemera 2kg. Mutaimirira kwa mphindi 2, chotsani zinthu zolemera ndi mapepala osasunthika, chotsani pepala la fyuluta (kupatula chophimba cha fyuluta), ndipo mwamsanga muyese mapepala a fyuluta misa m4. Werengani kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumtondo kuchokera ku chiŵerengero cha matope ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezera.

1.2.2 Njira zoyesera zamphamvu yopondereza, mphamvu yosinthika ndi mphamvu ya mgwirizano

Gypsum matope compressive mphamvu, flexural mphamvu, chomangira mphamvu mayeso ndi zina mayeso okhudzana ikuchitika molingana ndi masitepe opareshoni "Plastering Gypsum" GB/T 28627-2012.

2. Zotsatira zoyesa ndi kusanthula

2.1 Mphamvu ya cellulose ether pakusunga madzi mumatope - kuyerekeza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera

Poyerekeza kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zoyesera zosungira madzi, njira zitatu zosiyana zidayesedwa njira yofanana ya gypsum.

Kuchokera pazotsatira zofananira za njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa wosunga madzi kumawonjezeka kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 0.1%, zotsatira zoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyamwitsa madzi papepala (1) zimatsika kuchokera ku 150.0mg/cm.² mpaka 8.1mg/cm² , kutsika ndi 94.6%; kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi mumatope omwe amayezedwa ndi njira yoyamwitsa madzi pamapepala (2) adakwera kuchoka pa 95.9% mpaka 99.9%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumangowonjezeka ndi 4%; zotsatira zoyeserera za njira yoyamwitsa vacuum zidawonjezeka ndi 69% .8% zidakwera mpaka 96.0%, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kudakwera ndi 37.5%.

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa izi kuti kuchuluka kwa kusungidwa kwa madzi komwe kuyezedwa ndi njira yoyamwitsa madzi ya pepala losefera (2) sikungatsegule kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi mlingo wa wosungira madzi, zomwe sizingafanane ndi mayeso olondola ndi chiweruzo cha Kusungirako madzi kwa matope a malonda a gypsum, ndi njira yowonongeka kwa vacuum ndi chifukwa cha Pali kukakamizidwa kuyamwa, kotero kusiyana kwa deta kukhoza kutsegulidwa mokakamiza kuti awonetse kusiyana kwa kusunga madzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsatira zoyesa pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta pepala madzi mayamwidwe njira (1) zimasinthasintha kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi posungira wothandizira, amene angathe kukulitsa bwino kusiyana kuchuluka kwa madzi posungira wothandizira ndi zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, popeza mayamwidwe amadzi a pepala losefera amayezedwa ndi njira iyi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatengedwa ndi pepala losefera pagawo lililonse, pamene kumwa madzi kwa diffusivity ya matope kumasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu, mlingo ndi kukhuthala kwa matope. wosungira madzi wosakanikirana, zotsatira zoyesa sizingawonetsere molondola kusungirako madzi kwa matope. Mtengo.

Mwachidule, njira yoyamwa vacuum imatha kusiyanitsa bwino ntchito yosungira madzi mumatope, ndipo sikukhudzidwa ndi kumwa madzi amatope. Ngakhale zotsatira zoyesa za njira yoyamwitsa madzi ya pepala losefera (1) zimakhudzidwa ndi momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito mumatope, chifukwa cha njira zosavuta zoyesera, ntchito yosungira madzi mumatope imatha kufananizidwa ndi njira yomweyo.

Chiyerekezo cha gypsum composite cementitious material ndi mchenga wapakatikati ndi 1:2.5. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa madzi posintha kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether. Chikoka cha zomwe zili mu cellulose ether pamadzi osungira madzi a matope a gypsum adaphunziridwa. Kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, kusunga madzi kwa matope kumakhala bwino kwambiri; pamene zili mu cellulose ether kufika 0% ya kuchuluka kwa matope.Pafupifupi 10%, mayamwidwe am'madzi a pepala losefera amakhala ofatsa.

Mapangidwe a cellulose ether ali ndi magulu a hydroxyl ndi ma ether bond. Ma atomu omwe ali m'maguluwa amalumikizana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kuti apange zomangira za haidrojeni, kotero kuti mamolekyu amadzi aulere amakhala omangika madzi, motero amagwira ntchito yabwino pakusunga madzi. Mumtondo, kuti gypsum ikhale yolimba, imafunikira madzi. Kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether kumatha kusunga chinyezi mumtondo kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero kuti kukhazikitsa ndi kuumitsa kupitirire. Pamene mlingo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri, osati kusintha kokha sikudziwika, komanso mtengo wake udzawonjezeka, choncho mlingo woyenera ndi wofunika kwambiri. Poganizira kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi mamasukidwe azinthu zosiyanasiyana zosungira madzi, zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zimatsimikiziridwa kukhala 0,10% ya kuchuluka kwa matope.

2.2 Zotsatira za cellulose ether zomwe zili pamakina a gypsum

2.2.1 Chikoka pa mphamvu yopondereza ndi mphamvu yosunthika

Chiyerekezo cha gypsum composite cementitious material ndi mchenga wapakatikati ndi 1:2.5. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi. Kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesera, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, mphamvu yopondereza imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chotsika kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yowonongeka ilibe kusintha koonekeratu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether, 7d compressive mphamvu ya matope idachepa. Zolemba [6] amakhulupirira kuti izi makamaka chifukwa: (1) pamene cellulose ether akuwonjezeredwa kumatope, ma polima osinthika mumatope amatope amawonjezeka, ndipo ma polima osinthikawa sangathe kupereka chithandizo cholimba pamene matrix ophatikizana aphwanyidwa. zotsatira, kotero kuti compressive mphamvu ya matope amachepetsa (wolemba pepalali amakhulupirira kuti voliyumu ya cellulose ether polima ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kukakamizidwa zimatha kunyalanyazidwa); (2) ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, mphamvu yake yosungira madzi ikukhala bwino, kotero kuti pambuyo popanga chipika choyesa matope, porosity mu chipika choyesa matope chikuwonjezeka, chomwe chimachepetsa kusakanikirana kwa thupi lolimba. ndi kufooketsa mphamvu ya thupi lolimba kukana mphamvu zakunja, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yopondereza ya matope (3) Pamene matope osakaniza owuma asakanizidwa ndi madzi, ma cellulose ether particles amayamba adsorbed pamwamba pa tinthu tating'ono ta simenti. kupanga filimu ya latex, yomwe imachepetsa hydration ya gypsum, potero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya matope. Ndi kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kumachepa. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, ntchito ya matope idzachepetsedwa, zomwe zimawonekera chifukwa chakuti matope ndi owoneka bwino, osavuta kumamatira ku mpeni, komanso ovuta kufalitsa panthawi yomanga. Pa nthawi yomweyi, poganizira kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kuyeneranso kukwaniritsa zikhalidwe, kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether kumatsimikiziridwa kukhala 0,05% mpaka 0,10% ya kuchuluka kwa matope.

2.2.2 Mphamvu yamphamvu yomangira chomangira

Cellulose ether imatchedwa wothandizira madzi, ndipo ntchito yake ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi. Cholinga chake ndikusunga chinyezi chomwe chili mu gypsum slurry, makamaka pambuyo poti gypsum slurry ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma, chinyezi sichingatengedwe ndi khoma, kuti zitsimikizire kusungidwa kwa chinyezi cha gypsum slurry pa mawonekedwe. Hydration reaction, kuti muwonetsetse mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa mawonekedwe. Sungani chiŵerengero cha gypsum cementitious material ndi mchenga waung'ono pa 1:2.5. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yopondereza imachepa, mphamvu zake zomangirira zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether akhoza kupanga woonda polima filimu pakati pa mapadi efa ndi hydration particles. Kanema wa cellulose ether polima adzasungunuka m'madzi, koma pansi pamikhalidwe yowuma, chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwake, amatha kuteteza Udindo wa chinyezi. Firimuyi imakhala ndi kusindikiza, komwe kumapangitsa kuuma kwa matope. Chifukwa cha kusungirako bwino kwa madzi a cellulose ether, madzi okwanira amasungidwa mkati mwa matope, motero amaonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa hydration kuuma ndi mphamvu, ndikuwongolera mphamvu yomangirira matope. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera kwa cellulose ether kumathandizira kugwirizanitsa kwa matope, ndikupanga matope kukhala ndi pulasitiki yabwino komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti matopewo athe kutengera kusinthika kwa gawo lapansi, potero kumapangitsa kuti matopewo akhale olimba. . Ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, kumamatira kwa matope a gypsum kuzinthu zoyambira kumawonjezeka. Pamene mphamvu yomangirira ya gypsum yopaka pansi ndi> 0.4MPa, mphamvu yomangirira yokhazikika imakhala yoyenera ndipo imakumana ndi "Plastering Gypsum" GB/T2827.2012. Komabe, poganizira kuti cellulose ether okhutira ndi 0,10% B inchi, mphamvu si kukumana zofunika, kotero okhutira mapadi atsimikiza kukhala 0,15% ya kuchuluka kwa matope.

3. Mapeto

(1) Mlingo wosungira madzi woyezedwa ndi njira yoyamwitsa madzi ya pepala losefera (2) sungathe kutsegulira kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi mlingo wa wosungira madzi, zomwe sizingafanane ndi mayeso olondola ndi chigamulo cha kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi. matope amalonda a gypsum. Njira yoyamwa vacuum imatha kusiyanitsa bwino ntchito yosunga madzi mumtondo, ndipo sikukhudzidwa ndi kumwa kwamadzi mumatope. Ngakhale zotsatira zoyesa za njira yoyamwitsa madzi ya pepala losefera (1) zimakhudzidwa ndi momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito mumatope, chifukwa cha njira zosavuta zoyesera, ntchito yosungira madzi mumatope imatha kufananizidwa ndi njira yomweyo.

(2) Kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether kumapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe mumatope a gypsum.

(3) Kuphatikizidwa kwa cellulose ether kumachepetsa mphamvu yopondereza ya matope ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizana ndi gawo lapansi. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi mphamvu zochepa pa mphamvu yosunthika ya matope, kotero kuti chiŵerengero chopinda cha matope chimachepa.