Mtondo wowuma ndi wophatikizika wa zida za simenti (simenti, phulusa la ntchentche, ufa wa slag, etc.), zophatikizika zapadera (mchenga wa quartz, corundum, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimafunikira ma granules opepuka, perlite yowonjezera, vermiculite yowonjezera, etc. ) ndi zosakaniza zimasakanikirana mofanana mu gawo linalake, ndiyeno zimanyamula matumba, migolo kapena kuperekedwa mochuluka mu mkhalidwe wouma wa ufa ngati zomangira.
Malinga ndi ntchito, pali mitundu yambiri ya matope amalonda, monga matope owuma a matope opangira masonry, matope owuma owuma, matope a ufa wowuma pansi, matope apadera owuma oletsa madzi, kuteteza kutentha ndi zina. Pomaliza, matope osakanizidwa owuma amatha kugawidwa kukhala matope wamba osakanizika (miyala, pulasitala ndi matope osakanikirana) ndi matope apadera osakanikirana. Mtondo wapadera wosakanizika wowuma umaphatikizapo: matope odziyimira pawokha, zinthu zapansi zosavala, zosagwira moto pansi, zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, matope osalowa madzi, matope opaka utomoni, zinthu zoteteza konkriti pamwamba, matope opaka utoto, etc.
Chifukwa chake, matope ambiri owuma amafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito kuti apangidwe kudzera pamayesero ambiri. Poyerekeza ndi miyambo konkire admixtures, youma wothira matope admixtures angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe ufa, ndipo kachiwiri, iwo sungunuka m'madzi ozizira, kapena pang'onopang'ono kupasuka pansi zochita za alkalinity kusonyeza chifukwa chake.
1. Thickener, madzi kusunga wothandizira ndi stabilizer Mtondo wamba wokonzedwa ndi simenti, inert kapena yogwira mchere admixture, ndi aggregate chabwino, kuipa kwake kwakukulu ndi kugwirizana osauka, kusakhazikika bwino, kutuluka magazi mosavuta, tsankho, subsidence, zomangamanga zovuta, pambuyo kumanga, mphamvu zomangira ndizochepa, zosavuta kusweka, zopanda madzi, zosalimba, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zowonjezera zoyenera. Pankhani yopititsa patsogolo mgwirizano, kusungirako madzi ndi kukhazikika kwa matope, zowonjezera zomwe zingasankhidwe zikuphatikizapo cellulose ether, modified starch ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide ndi thickening ufa.
Ma cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) ndi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) onse amapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za polima (monga thonje, etc.) Non-ionic cellulose ether yopangidwa ndi mankhwala. Amadziwika ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi ozizira, kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kugwirizanitsa, kupanga mafilimu, kutsekemera, kusakhala ndi ionic ndi pH kukhazikika. Kusungunuka kwamadzi ozizira kwa mtundu uwu wa mankhwala kumakula kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yosungira madzi imakulitsidwa, katundu wokhuthala ndi wodziwikiratu, kukula kwa thovu la mpweya komwe kumayambitsidwa kumakhala kochepa, ndipo zotsatira za kuwongolera mphamvu zomangira zamatope ndizochepa. kuwonjezeredwa kwambiri.
Ma cellulose ether samangokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso ali ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa maselo ndi kukhuthala kwa ma cell kuchokera ku 5mPa. s mpaka 200,000 mPa. s, zotsatira za ntchito ya matope mu siteji yatsopano komanso pambuyo poumitsa ndizosiyana. Mayesero ambiri ayenera kuchitidwa posankha kusankha kwapadera. Sankhani mitundu ya cellulose yokhala ndi kukhuthala koyenera komanso kulemera kwa maselo, mlingo wocheperako, komanso wopanda katundu wopatsa mpweya. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe ingapezeke nthawi yomweyo. Kuchita bwino kwaukadaulo, komanso kumakhala ndi chuma chabwino.
Wowuma etha Wowuma etha ndi etha wopangidwa ndi momwe magulu a hydroxyl amachitira pa mamolekyulu a shuga wowuma okhala ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala, otchedwa starch ether kapena etherified starch. Mitundu yayikulu ya ma ethers osinthidwa ndi: sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl starch (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl starch (HPS), cyanoethyl starch, etc. Onse ali ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri za kusungunuka kwa madzi, kugwirizanitsa, kutupa, kuyenda. , zophimba, desizing, sizing, kubalalitsidwa ndi kukhazikika, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, chakudya, nsalu, papermaking, mankhwala tsiku ndi mafuta ndi madipatimenti ena.
Pakalipano, chiyembekezo cha wowuma ether chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatope a ufa wowuma ndi wodalirika kwambiri. Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi: ① Mtengo wa ether wowuma ndi wotsika mtengo, 1/3 mpaka 1/4 wa cellulose ether; ② Wowuma etha wosakanizidwa mu matope amathandiziranso kukhuthala, kusungika kwa madzi, kukhazikika ndi kulimba kwa matope; ③ Wowuma ether amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi cellulose ether mu gawo lililonse, kuti apititse patsogolo anti-sagging zotsatira za matope. M'zinthu zina zamatope, monga khoma la ceramic ndi zomatira pansi pa matailosi, othandizira othandizira mawonekedwe, opangira ma caulking ndi matope wamba amalonda, wowuma ether amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chachikulu komanso chosungira madzi komanso chokhazikika. Koma poyang'ana opanga owuma etere m'dziko langa, ambiri aiwo amakhalabe popereka zinthu zoyambirira, ndi opanga ochepa okha omwe amapanga ndikupereka wowuma wosinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za opanga matope.
Thickened ufa matope Ufa wokhuthala ndi chinthu chatsopano chopangidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi kupanga matope wamba owuma (okonzeka osakaniza). Amapangidwa makamaka ndi mchere wopangidwa ndi organic ndi organic polima, ndipo alibe laimu ndi zida za mpweya. Mlingo wake ndi pafupifupi 5% mpaka 20% ya kulemera kwa simenti. Pakalipano, popanga matope wamba ku Shanghai, ufa wokhuthala umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chigawo chokhuthala, chosunga madzi komanso chokhazikika, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zodabwitsa.
Polyvinyl mowa ndi polyacrylamide amakhalanso ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumakhala kwakukulu, kapena kufunikira kwa madzi kwa matope kumawonjezeka kwambiri pambuyo posakanikirana, kotero kuti mayesero ambiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha.
2. Ntchito yaikulu ya redispersible latex powder thickener ndi kukonza kusungirako madzi ndi kukhazikika kwa matope. Ngakhale imatha kuletsa matope kuti asaphwanyike (kuchepetsa kutsika kwamadzi) mpaka pamlingo wina, nthawi zambiri samagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti alimbikitse kulimba komanso kulimba kwamatope. ndi njira zopanda madzi.
Mchitidwe wowonjezera ma polima kuti apititse patsogolo kusatha, kulimba, kukana ming'alu ndi kukana kukhudzidwa kwa matope ndi konkriti adziwika. Ambiri ntchito polima emulsions pa kusinthidwa simenti matope ndi simenti konkire monga: neoprene mphira emulsion, styrene-butadiene mphira emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl kolorayidi, chlorine tsankho labala emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, etc. Ndi chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa sayansi, osati kokha zotsatira zosinthika za ma polima osiyanasiyana adaphunziridwa mozama, komanso njira yosinthira, njira yolumikizirana pakati pa ma polima ndi simenti, ndi zinthu za simenti za hydration zaphunziridwanso mwaukadaulo. Kusanthula mozama ndi kufufuza, ndi zotsatira zambiri za kafukufuku wa sayansi zawonekera.
Polima emulsion angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga okonzeka wothira matope, koma mwachionekere zosatheka mwachindunji ntchito kupanga youma ufa matope, kotero redispersible latex ufa anabadwa. Pakali pano, redispersible latex ufa ntchito youma ufa matope makamaka zikuphatikizapo: ① vinilu acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinilu acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ vinilu acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), etc. Pakati pawo, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer ali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito.
Zochita zatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya redispersible latex ufa ndi yokhazikika, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zosayerekezeka pakuwongolera mphamvu yolumikizira matope, kuwongolera kulimba kwake, mapindikidwe, kukana kwa ming'alu ndi kusakhazikika, etc. Kuwonjezera hydrophobic latex ufa wopangidwa ndi polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride , ethylene, vinyl laurate, etc. amathanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuyamwa kwamadzi kwa matope (chifukwa cha hydrophobicity), kupanga mpweya wamatope kuti ukhale wosasunthika komanso wosasunthika, kupititsa patsogolo Kulimbana ndi nyengo ndipo kwakhala kolimba kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya flexural ndi mphamvu yomangirira ya matope ndi kuchepetsa kuphulika kwake, zotsatira za redispersible latex ufa pa kupititsa patsogolo kusungirako madzi kwa matope ndi kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wake ndizochepa. Popeza kuti kuwonjezeredwa kwa ufa wa latex wopangidwanso kungathe kumwazikana ndi kuchititsa kuti mpweya wambiri ulowe mumatope osakaniza, zotsatira zake zochepetsera madzi zimakhala zoonekeratu. Zoonadi, chifukwa cha kusauka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, mphamvu yochepetsera madzi sinasinthe mphamvu. M'malo mwake, mphamvu ya matope idzachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa redispersible latex powder content. Choncho, pakupanga matope ena omwe amafunikira kulingalira za mphamvu zopondereza ndi zosinthika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuwonjezera defoamer panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti athe kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa za ufa wa latex pa mphamvu yopondereza ndi mphamvu yosinthika ya matope. .
3. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeredwa kwa cellulose, starch ether ndi polima zipangizo, defoamer mosakayikira amawonjezera mpweya-entraining katundu wa matope. Kumbali imodzi, zimakhudza mphamvu yopondereza, mphamvu yosunthika komanso mphamvu yomangirira matope, ndikuchepetsa modulus yake yotanuka. Kumbali inayi, imakhalanso ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pakuwoneka kwa matope, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchotse thovu la mpweya lomwe limayambitsidwa mumatope. Pakali pano, kunja kwa kunja ufa wowuma defoamers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku China kuti athetse vutoli, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope amtengo wapatali, kuchotsedwa kwa thovu la mpweya si ntchito yophweka kwambiri.
4. Anti-sagging agent Mukayika matailosi adothi, matabwa a polystyrene ochita thovu, ndikupaka matope a rabara ufa wa polystyrene tinthu tating'onoting'ono, vuto lalikulu lomwe timakumana nalo ndikugwa. Kuchita kwatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera wowuma ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin ndi montmorillonite ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vuto la matope ogwa pambuyo pomanga. Yaikulu yothetsera vuto la sagging ndi kuonjezera koyamba kukameta ubweya kupsyinjika kwa matope, ndiko kuti, kuonjezera thixotropy. Muzochita zothandiza, sikophweka kusankha wothandizila wabwino wotsutsa-sagging, chifukwa amafunika kuthetsa mgwirizano pakati pa thixotropy, workability, viscosity ndi madzi.
5. Madzi oletsa madzi Ntchito yopanda madzi kapena yopanda madzi ya matope opaka, matayala, matope okongoletsera ndi matope osakaniza owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lakunja la dongosolo lopaka pulasitiki lopyapyala ndilofunika kwambiri, lomwe limafuna kuwonjezera kwa Powdered. wothamangitsa madzi, koma ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa: ① kupanga matope hydrophobic lonse ndi kukhalabe kwa nthawi yaitali; ② alibe zotsatira zoipa pa mphamvu yomangira pamwamba; ③ zothamangitsa madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika, monga Calcium fatty acid sizowonjezera hydrophobic matope owuma, makamaka zopangira pulasitala zamakina, chifukwa ndizovuta kusakaniza mwachangu komanso mofanana ndi matope a simenti.
Posachedwapa wapangidwa mankhwala ophera madzi a ufa wa silane, omwe ndi ufa wa silane wopangidwa ndi silane wothira madzi otsekemera amadzimadzi otetezera colloids ndi anti-caking agents. Mtondowo ukasakanizidwa ndi madzi, chipolopolo choteteza cha colloid choteteza madzi chimasungunuka mwachangu m'madzi, ndikutulutsa silane yotsekedwa kuti imwazanso m'madzi osakaniza. M'malo amchere wamchere pambuyo pa simenti, magulu a hydrophilic organic functional mu silane amapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kuti apange magulu a silanol, ndipo magulu a silanol akupitilizabe kuchitapo kanthu ndi magulu a hydroxyl muzinthu za simenti kuti apange zomangira zamankhwala, kotero kuti silane yolumikizidwa palimodzi ndi kulumikiza mtanda imakhazikika pamwamba pa khoma la pore la matope a simenti. Pamene magulu a hydrophobic organic functional amayang'ana kunja kwa khoma la pore, pamwamba pa pores amapeza hydrophobicity, potero kumabweretsa mphamvu ya hydrophobic kumatope.
6. Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine idzakhudza kukongola kwa matope okongoletsera opangidwa ndi simenti, omwe ndi vuto lofala lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa. Malinga ndi malipoti, chowonjezera cha resin-based anti-pantherine chapangidwa bwino posachedwa, chomwe ndi ufa wopangidwanso ndi ntchito yabwino yolimbikitsa. Izi ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mpumulo, ma putties, caulks kapena kumaliza mapangidwe amatope ndipo zimagwirizana bwino ndi zowonjezera zina.
7. CHIKWANGWANI Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa ulusi woyenerera mumtondo kumatha kukulitsa nyonga, kulimbitsa kulimba ndikuwongolera kukana kwa ming'alu. Pakali pano, ulusi wopangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi ulusi wamatabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope osakanizika. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi mankhwala, monga polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, etc. Pambuyo pa kusinthidwa pamwamba, ulusiwu umakhala ndi dispersibility wabwino, komanso umakhala ndi otsika, omwe amatha kusintha bwino kukana kwa pulasitiki ndi kuphwanya ntchito yamatope. Zomwe zimapangidwira sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa ulusi wamatabwa ndi wocheperako, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa ulusi wamatabwa kuyenera kulabadira kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa madzi pamatope.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-04-2023