Ma cellulose ether osinthidwa kukhala matope

Mitundu ya cellulose ether ndi ntchito zake zazikulu mumatope osakanikirana ndi njira zowunikira katundu monga kusungirako madzi, kukhuthala ndi mphamvu zomangira zimawunikidwa. Njira yochepetsera komanso microstructure yacellulose ether mu matope osakaniza owumandi ubale pakati pa mapangidwe mapangidwe ena enieni woonda wosanjikiza mapadi etere kusinthidwa matope ndi ndondomeko hydration akufotokozedwa. Pazifukwa izi, akunenedwa kuti m'pofunika kufulumizitsa phunzirolo pa mkhalidwe wa kutaya madzi mofulumira. The layered hydration limagwirira wa mapadi etere kusinthidwa matope mu dongosolo woonda wosanjikiza ndi okhudza malo kugawa lamulo la polima mu matope wosanjikiza. M`tsogolo zothandiza ntchito, zotsatira za mapalo etere kusinthidwa matope pa kusintha kutentha ndi ngakhale ndi admixtures ena ayenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira. Kafukufukuyu alimbikitsa chitukuko chaukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito matope osinthidwa a CE monga matope opaka khoma, putty, matope ophatikizana ndi matope ena opyapyala.

Mawu ofunikira:cellulose ether; Zouma zosakaniza matope; makina

1. Mawu Oyamba

Wamba youma matope, kunja khoma kutchinjiriza matope, kudziletsa bata matope, madzi mchenga ndi zina youma matope wakhala mbali yofunika ya zipangizo zomangira zochokera m'dziko lathu, ndi mapadi ether ndi zotumphukira zachilengedwe mapadi efa, ndi zofunika zina zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana mitundu. matope owuma, kubweza, kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kuyamwa mpweya, kumamatira ndi ntchito zina.

Udindo wa CE mumatope umawonetsedwa makamaka pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amatope ndikuwonetsetsa kuti simenti imalowa mumatope. Kuwongolera kwa matope kumawonekera makamaka pakusungidwa kwamadzi, kuletsa kupachikidwa ndi nthawi yotsegulira, makamaka pakuwonetsetsa kuti matope ang'onoang'ono osanjikiza, pulasitala matope akufalikira ndikuwongolera liwiro lomanga la matope apadera amakhala ndi phindu lofunikira pazachuma komanso pazachuma.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wambiri pa matope osinthidwa a CE achitika ndipo zofunikira zachitika mu kafukufuku waukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito matope osinthidwa a CE, pali zofooka zodziwikiratu pakufufuza kwamakina a matope osinthidwa a CE, makamaka kulumikizana pakati pa CE ndi simenti, aggregate ndi matrix pansi pa ntchito yapadera. Choncho, Kutengera chidule cha zotsatira za kafukufuku wofunikira, pepalali likufuna kuti kufufuza kwina pa kutentha ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi zosakaniza zina ziyenera kuchitidwa.

2,udindo ndi gulu la cellulose ether

2.1 Gulu la cellulose ether

Mitundu yambiri yama cellulose ether, pali pafupifupi chikwi, ambiri, malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a ionization amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a ionic ndi osakhala a ionic amtundu wa 2, muzinthu zopangira simenti chifukwa cha ionic cellulose ether (monga carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC). ) idzathamanga ndi Ca2+ komanso yosakhazikika, yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Nonionic cellulose ether akhoza kukhala molingana ndi (1) kukhuthala kwa muyezo wamadzimadzi; (2) mtundu wa zolowa m'malo; (3) digiri ya kusintha; (4) kapangidwe ka thupi; (5) Gulu la solubility, etc.

Katundu wa CE amadalira makamaka mtundu, kuchuluka ndi kugawa kwa zolowa m'malo, kotero CE nthawi zambiri imagawika kutengera mtundu wa zolowa m'malo. Monga methyl cellulose ether ndi chilengedwe cellulose shuga unit pa hydroxyl m'malo ndi mankhwala methoxy, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose etha HPMC ndi hydroxyl ndi methoxy, hydroxypropyl motero m'malo mankhwala. Pakalipano, oposa 90% a cellulose ethers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPC) ndi methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC).

2.2 Udindo wa cellulose ether mumatope

Udindo wa CE mu matope makamaka zimaonekera mu zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi: kwambiri madzi posungira luso, chikoka pa kusasinthasintha ndi thixotropy wa matope ndi kusintha rheology.

Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa CE sikungangosintha nthawi yotsegulira ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la matope, kuti musinthe nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo, komanso kulepheretsa kuti zinthu zapansi zisatenge madzi ochulukirapo komanso othamanga kwambiri ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi. madzi, kuti atsimikizire kutulutsidwa kwa madzi pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya hydration ya simenti. Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa CE kumakhudzana makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa CE, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, fineness ndi kutentha kozungulira. Kusungirako madzi kwa matope osinthidwa a CE kumadalira kuyamwa kwamadzi m'munsi, kapangidwe ka matope, makulidwe a wosanjikiza, kufunikira kwa madzi, nthawi yoikika ya simenti, etc. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni ena ceramic matailosi binders, chifukwa youma porous gawo lapansi mwamsanga kuyamwa madzi ambiri kuchokera slurry, wosanjikiza simenti pafupi gawo lapansi imfa ya madzi kumabweretsa hydration digiri ya simenti m'munsimu 30%, amene sangathe kupanga simenti. gel osakaniza ndi mphamvu yomangirira pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, komanso zosavuta kuyambitsa kusweka ndi madzi akutuluka.

Kufunika kwa madzi kwa matope ndi gawo lofunikira. Zomwe zimafunikira pamadzi komanso kutulutsa kwamatope kumatengera kapangidwe ka matope, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa simenti, kuphatikiza ndi kuphatikizika kowonjezera, koma kuphatikizidwa kwa CE kumatha kusintha bwino kufunikira kwa madzi ndi zokolola zamatope. M'makina ambiri omangira, CE imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener kuti isinthe kusasinthika kwadongosolo. Kukula kwa CE kumadalira kuchuluka kwa polymerization ya CE, ndende ya yankho, kumeta ubweya, kutentha ndi zina. Njira yamadzimadzi ya CE yokhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba ali ndi thixotropy wapamwamba. Kutentha kumawonjezeka, gel osakaniza amapangidwa ndipo kuthamanga kwa thixotropy kumachitika, komwe kumakhalanso chizindikiro chachikulu cha CE.

Kuwonjezera kwa CE kumatha kusintha bwino katundu wa rheological wa dongosolo lazomangamanga, kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yogwirira ntchito, kuti matope azikhala ndi ntchito yabwino, ntchito yabwino yotsutsa-kupachikidwa, ndipo samatsatira zida zomangira. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala osavuta kuwongolera ndikuchiritsa.

2.3 Kuwunika kwa magwiridwe antchito a matope osinthidwa a cellulose ether

Kuwunika kwa magwiridwe antchito a matope osinthidwa a CE makamaka kumaphatikizapo kusungirako madzi, kukhuthala, mphamvu yama bond, ndi zina.

Kusungidwa kwamadzi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope osinthidwa a CE. Pakadali pano, pali njira zambiri zoyesera zoyenera, koma ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya vacuum pump kuti achotse chinyezi. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko akunja amagwiritsa ntchito DIN 18555 (njira yoyesera ya matope opangira simenti), ndipo mabizinesi opanga konkriti aku France amagwiritsa ntchito njira yamapepala. Muyezo wapakhomo womwe umakhudza njira yoyesera yosungira madzi uli ndi JC/T 517-2004 (pulasitala), mfundo zake zoyambira ndi njira yowerengera komanso miyezo yakunja ndizogwirizana, potengera kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi amatope akuti kusungidwa kwamadzi amatope.

Viscosity ndi index ina yofunika kwambiri yokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope osinthidwa a CE. Pali njira zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa viscosity: Brookileld, Hakke, Hoppler ndi njira ya rotary viscometer. Njira zinayi zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana, ndende ya yankho, malo oyesera, kotero yankho lomwelo loyesedwa ndi njira zinayi sizotsatira zofanana. Nthawi yomweyo, kukhuthala kwa CE kumasiyana ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi, kotero kukhuthala kwa matope a CE omwewo kumasintha kwambiri, komwe kulinso kofunikira kuti tiphunzire pamatope osinthidwa a CE pakadali pano.

Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa bond kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito matope, monga matope a ceramic bond makamaka amatanthawuza "zomatira pakhoma la ceramic" (JC/T 547-2005), matope oteteza makamaka amatanthauza "zofunikira zaukadaulo zakunja zotchinjiriza pakhoma" ( DB 31 / T 366-2006) ndi "kunja khoma kutchinjiriza ndi kukodzedwa polystyrene bolodi pulasitala matope" (JC/T 993-2006). M'mayiko akunja, mphamvu zomatira ndi yodziwika ndi flexural mphamvu analimbikitsa Japanese Association of Materials Science (mayeso utenga prismatic wamba matope odulidwa mu theka ziwiri ndi kukula kwa 160mm × 40mm × 40mm ndi matope kusinthidwa anapanga zitsanzo pambuyo kuchiritsa. , ponena za njira yoyesera ya flexural mphamvu ya matope a simenti).

3. Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wa cellulose etha kusinthidwa matope

Kafukufuku wongopeka wa matope osinthidwa a CE amayang'ana kwambiri kuyanjana pakati pa CE ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mumatope. Zomwe zimapangidwira mkati mwa simenti yosinthidwa ndi CE zitha kuwonetsedwa ngati CE ndi madzi, hydration zochita za simenti yokha, CE ndi kuyanjana kwa simenti, CE ndi zinthu za simenti za simenti. Kuyanjana pakati pa CE ndi zinthu za simenti / hydration zimawonetsedwa makamaka pakutsatsa pakati pa CE ndi tinthu tating'ono ta simenti.

Kugwirizana pakati pa CE ndi tinthu ta simenti kwanenedwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Mwachitsanzo, Liu Guanghua et al. kuyeza kuthekera kwa Zeta kwa CE kusinthidwa simenti slurry colloid pophunzira momwe CE imagwirira ntchito mu konkire ya pansi pamadzi yopanda discrete. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti: Mphamvu ya Zeta (-12.6mV) ya simenti-doped slurry ndi yaying'ono kusiyana ndi phala la simenti (-21.84mV), kusonyeza kuti tinthu tating'ono ta simenti mu slurry simenti-doped slurry yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wopanda ionic polima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusanjikizako kwa magetsi kukhale kocheperako komanso mphamvu yonyansa pakati pa colloid ikhale yofooka.

3.1 Kuchedwetsa chiphunzitso cha cellulose ether matope osinthidwa

Pakafukufuku waukadaulo wa matope osinthidwa a CE, amakhulupirira kuti CE sikuti imangopatsa matope kuti igwire bwino ntchito, komanso imachepetsa kutentha kwa simenti koyambirira komanso kuchedwetsa hydration dynamic process ya simenti.

Kuchedwetsa kwa CE kumakhudzana makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwake komanso kapangidwe kake kazinthu zama mineral cementing system, koma ili ndi ubale wochepa ndi kulemera kwake. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamapangidwe amankhwala a CE pa hydration kinetics ya simenti kuti kuchuluka kwa CE, kucheperako kwa digiri ya alkyl substitution, kukulira kwa hydroxyl, kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya hydration ichedwe. Pankhani ya mamolekyu, kulowetsedwa kwa hydrophilic (mwachitsanzo, HEC) kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsetsa kwambiri kuposa hydrophobic substitution (mwachitsanzo, MH, HEMC, HMPC).

Pakuwona kuyanjana pakati pa CE ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta simenti, njira yochepetsera ikuwonetsedwa m'magawo awiri. Kumbali imodzi, ma adsorption a molekyulu ya CE pazinthu za hydration monga c - s -H ndi Ca (OH) 2 zimalepheretsa kuwonjezereka kwa mchere wa simenti; Kumbali ina, kukhuthala kwa pore solution kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha CE, chomwe chimachepetsa ayoni (Ca2+, so42-…). Ntchito mu pore solution imalepheretsanso kutulutsa madzi.

CE sikungochedwetsa kukhazikitsa, komanso kuchedwetsa kuuma kwa dongosolo lamatope a simenti. Zapezeka kuti CE imakhudza ma hydration kinetics a C3S ndi C3A mu clinker ya simenti m'njira zosiyanasiyana. CE makamaka idachepetsa momwe ma C3s mathamangitsidwe gawo, ndikutalikitsa nthawi ya C3A/CaSO4. Kuchedwetsa kwa c3s hydration kudzachedwetsa kuuma kwa matope, pomwe kukulitsa nthawi ya C3A/CaSO4 dongosolo kuchedwetsa kukhazikitsa matope.

3.2 Microstructure ya cellulose ether matope osinthidwa

Kachitidwe kachikoka ka CE pa microstructure of modified mortar yakopa chidwi chachikulu. Zimawonetsedwa makamaka m'mbali zotsatirazi:

Choyamba, kafukufuku akuyang'ana pamakina opanga mafilimu ndi morphology ya CE mumatope. Popeza CE imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi ma polima ena, ndizofunikira pakufufuza kuti asiyanitse dziko lake ndi la ma polima ena mumatope.

Kachiwiri, zotsatira za CE pa microstructure ya zinthu za simenti hydration ndiwofunikiranso pakufufuza. Monga tikuwonera kuchokera pakupanga filimu ya CE kupita kuzinthu za hydration, zinthu za hydration zimapanga mawonekedwe opitilira mawonekedwe a cE olumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za hydration. Mu 2008, K.Pen et al. adagwiritsa ntchito isothermal calorimetry, kusanthula kwamafuta, FTIR, SEM ndi BSE kuti aphunzire njira ya lignification ndi zinthu za hydration za 1% PVAA, MC ndi HEC matope osinthidwa. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti ngakhale polimayo idachedwetsa digiri yoyamba ya simenti ya simenti, idawonetsa mawonekedwe abwinoko a hydration pamasiku 90. Makamaka, MC imakhudzanso crystal morphology ya Ca (OH)2. Umboni wachindunji ndikuti ntchito ya mlatho wa polima imadziwika mu makhiristo osanjikiza, MC imagwira nawo ntchito yolumikizira makristasi, kuchepetsa ming'alu yaying'ono komanso kulimbitsa ma microstructure.

Kusintha kwa microstructure kwa CE mumatope kwakopanso chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, Jenni adagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira kuti aphunzire kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa matope a polima, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwachulukidwe komanso koyenera kuti akonzenso njira yonse yosakanikirana ndi matope mpaka kuumitsa, kuphatikiza kupanga filimu ya polima, hydration ya simenti ndi kusamuka kwamadzi.

Komanso, ndi yaying'ono-kuwunika mfundo zosiyanasiyana nthawi mu ndondomeko matope chitukuko, ndipo sangakhale mu situ kuchokera matope kusanganikirana ndi kuumitsa ndondomeko yonse ya mosalekeza yaying'ono kusanthula. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kuyesa kwachulukidwe konseko kuti mufufuze magawo ena apadera ndikutsata njira yopangira ma microstructure pamagawo ofunikira. Ku China, Qian Baowei, Ma Baoguo et al. kufotokoza mwachindunji njira ya hydration pogwiritsa ntchito resistivity, kutentha kwa hydration ndi njira zina zoyesera. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuyesa kochepa komanso kulephera kuphatikiza resistivity ndi kutentha kwa hydration ndi microstructure pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, palibe njira yofananira yofufuza yomwe yapangidwa. Ambiri, mpaka pano, sipanakhale njira mwachindunji quantitatively ndi qualitatively kufotokoza kukhalapo osiyana polima microstructure mu matope.

3.3 Kuphunzira pa cellulose ether kusinthidwa matope osanjikiza

Ngakhale anthu achita maphunziro aukadaulo komanso ongoyerekeza pakugwiritsa ntchito CE mumatope a simenti. Koma ayenera kulabadira kuti CE kusinthidwa matope mu tsiku youma wosakaniza matope (monga njerwa binder, putty, woonda wosanjikiza pulasitala matope, etc.) ntchito mu mawonekedwe a woonda wosanjikiza matope, dongosolo wapadera umenewu nthawi zambiri limodzi. ndi vuto la kutaya madzi mwachangu.

Mwachitsanzo, matope omangira matayala a ceramic ndi matope owonda kwambiri (wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa CE wosinthika wamtundu wa ceramic tile bonding agent), ndipo njira yake yopangira ma hydration yaphunziridwa kunyumba ndi kunja. Ku China, Coptis rhizoma idagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa CE kuti ipititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito amatope omangira matayala a ceramic. X-ray njira inagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti hydration digiri ya simenti pa mawonekedwe pakati simenti matope ndi matailosi ceramic pambuyo kusakaniza CE anawonjezeka. Poyang'ana mawonekedwe ndi maikulosikopu, zidapezeka kuti mphamvu ya simenti ya mlatho wa matailosi a ceramic idasinthidwa makamaka ndikusakaniza phala la CE m'malo mwa kachulukidwe. Mwachitsanzo, Jenni adawona kulemetsedwa kwa polima ndi Ca(OH)2 pafupi ndi pamwamba. Jenni amakhulupirira kuti kukhalapo kwa simenti ndi polima kumayendetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kupanga filimu ya polima ndi simenti ya simenti. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha matope a simenti osinthidwa a CE poyerekeza ndi masinthidwe wamba a simenti ndi kuchuluka kwa simenti yamadzi (nthawi zambiri amakhala kapena pamwamba pa 0.8), koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo / kuchuluka kwawo, amaumitsanso mwachangu, kotero kuti simenti ya simenti nthawi zambiri imakhala. zosakwana 30%, osati kuposa 90% monga zimakhalira nthawi zambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya XRD kuphunzira lamulo lachitukuko cha pamwamba pa microstructure ya ceramic tile zomatira matope mu njira yowumitsa, anapeza kuti tinthu tating'ono ta simenti "tinkatumizidwa" kupita kunja kwa chitsanzo ndi kuyanika kwa pore. yankho. Kuchirikiza lingaliro ili, mayesero ena anachitidwa ntchito coarse simenti kapena bwino laimu m'malo mwa kale ntchito simenti, amene anapitiriza mothandizidwa ndi munthawi yomweyo misa imfa XRD mayamwidwe aliyense chitsanzo ndi miyala yamchere / silika mchenga tinthu kukula kugawa komaliza anaumitsa. thupi. Mayeso a chilengedwe a electron microscopy (SEM) adawonetsa kuti CE ndi PVA zinasamuka panthawi yamvula komanso yowuma, pamene ma emulsion a rabara sanatero. Kutengera izi, adapanganso mtundu wosatsimikizika wa hydration wocheperako wosanjikiza wa CE wosinthidwa matope a ceramic matailosi binder.

Zolemba zofunikira sizinafotokoze momwe hydration yosanjikiza ya matope a polima imachitikira mu mawonekedwe opyapyala, komanso kugawa kwapakatikati kwa ma polima osiyanasiyana mumtondo wosanjikiza kumawonedwa ndikuyesedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachiwonekere, makina a hydration ndi microstructure mapangidwe kachitidwe ka CE-mortar system pansi pa kutayika kwamadzi mwachangu ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi matope wamba omwe alipo. Kuphunzira kwa makina apadera a hydration ndi makina opangira ma microstructure of thin layer CE modified mortar kudzalimbikitsa teknoloji yogwiritsira ntchito matope opyapyala a CE, monga matope opaka khoma, putty, matope olowa ndi zina zotero.

4. Pali mavuto

4.1 Mphamvu ya kusintha kwa kutentha pamatope a cellulose ether

Yankho la CE lamitundu yosiyanasiyana limasungunuka pa kutentha kwake, njira ya gel osakaniza imasinthika kwathunthu. Thermal gelation ya CE ndi yapadera kwambiri. Mu mankhwala ambiri simenti, ntchito yaikulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe a CE ndi lolingana madzi posungira ndi kondomu katundu, ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi gel osakaniza kutentha ali ndi ubale wachindunji, pansi pa kutentha gel osakaniza, m'munsi kutentha, ndi apamwamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe a CE, kumapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe bwino.

Nthawi yomweyo, kusungunuka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya CE pa kutentha kosiyana sikufanana. Monga methyl cellulose sungunuka m'madzi ozizira, osasungunuka m'madzi otentha; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, osati madzi otentha. Koma njira yamadzi ya methyl cellulose ndi methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ikatenthedwa, methyl cellulose ndi methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose zimatuluka. Methyl cellulose idakwera pa 45 ~ 60 ℃, ndi etherized etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose idakwera pamene kutentha kunakwera mpaka 65 ~ 80 ℃ ndipo kutentha kumachepa, kunasungunukanso. Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ndi sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose amasungunuka m'madzi pa kutentha kulikonse.

Pogwiritsa ntchito CE, wolembayo adapezanso kuti mphamvu yosungira madzi ya CE imachepa mofulumira kutentha (5 ℃), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pakuchepa kwa ntchito panthawi yomanga m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo CE zambiri ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. . Chifukwa cha chodabwitsachi sichikudziwika pakali pano. Kusanthula kungayambitsidwe ndi kusintha kwa kusungunuka kwa CE m'madzi otsika otentha, omwe amayenera kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa zomangamanga m'nyengo yozizira.

4.2 Kuphulika ndi kuchotsa cellulose ether

CE nthawi zambiri imabweretsa matope ambiri. Kumbali imodzi, yunifolomu ndi thovu yaying'ono ndizothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito matope, monga kukonza zogwirizana ndi matope ndikuwonjezera chisanu kukana matope ndi kulimba kwa matope. M'malo mwake, thovu lalikulu limapangitsa kuti matope azitha kupirira chisanu ndi kulimba kwake.

Posakaniza matope ndi madzi, matope amagwedezeka, ndipo mpweya umabweretsedwa mumatope atsopano, ndipo mpweya umakulungidwa ndi dothi lonyowa kupanga thovu. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa mkhalidwe wa kukhuthala kotsika kwa yankho, thovulo limapanga kuwuka chifukwa chakukula ndikuthamangira pamwamba pa yankho. The thovu kuthawa pamwamba mpweya kunja, ndi madzi filimu anasamukira pamwamba adzabala kuthamanga kusiyana chifukwa cha zochita za mphamvu yokoka. Kuchuluka kwa filimuyo kudzakhala kocheperako pakapita nthawi, ndipo pamapeto pake thovu lidzaphulika. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwapamwamba kwa matope omwe adangosakanikirana pambuyo powonjezera CE, pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa madzi amadzimadzi mufilimu yamadzimadzi kumachepetsedwa, kuti filimu yamadzimadzi ikhale yovuta kukhala yopyapyala; Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala kwa matope kudzachedwetsa kufalikira kwa mamolekyu a surfactant, omwe ndi opindulitsa kukhazikika kwa thovu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matope ambiri omwe amalowetsedwa mumatope azikhala mumatope.

Kukangana kwapamtunda ndi kukangana kwapakati kwa njira yamadzimadzi zomwe zimafikira pachimake cha Al brand CE pamlingo wa 1% pa 20 ℃. CE imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya pamatope a simenti. Mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya CE imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamphamvu yamakina pamene mathovu akulu amayambitsidwa.

Defoamer mu matope amatha kulepheretsa kupanga kwa thovu chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa CE, ndikuwononga thovu lomwe lapangidwa. Ntchito yake limagwirira ndi: defoaming wothandizila akulowa madzi filimu, amachepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe amadzimadzi, amapanga mawonekedwe atsopano ndi otsika kukhuthala pamwamba kukhuthala, zimapangitsa madzi filimu kutaya elasticity, Iyamba Kuthamanga ndondomeko exudation madzi, ndipo potsiriza amapanga madzi filimu. woonda ndi wosweka. The ufa defoamer akhoza kuchepetsa mpweya zili matope kumene wosanganiza, ndipo pali hydrocarbons, asidi stearic ndi ester ake, trietyl mankwala, polyethylene glycol kapena polysiloxane adsorbed pa chonyamulira inorganic. Pakali pano, ufa wa defoamer womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope osakanikirana ndi polyols ndi polysiloxane.

Ngakhale zikunenedwa kuti kuwonjezera pa kusintha kuwira zomwe zili, kugwiritsa ntchito defoamer kumathanso kuchepetsa kuchepa, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya defoamer imakhalanso ndi zovuta zofananira ndi kusintha kwa kutentha zikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi CE, izi ndizomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amatope a CE osinthidwa.

4.3 Kugwirizana pakati pa cellulose ether ndi zinthu zina mumatope

CE nthawi ntchito pamodzi ndi admixtures ena youma matope osakaniza, monga defoamer, madzi kuchepetsa wothandizila, zomatira ufa, etc. Zigawozi zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mumatope motsatana. Kuti muphunzire kuyanjana kwa CE ndi zosakaniza zina ndiye maziko akugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthuzi.

Zowuma matope osakanikirana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochepetsera madzi ndi: casein, lignin mndandanda wochepetsera madzi, naphthalene mndandanda wochepetsera madzi, melamine formaldehyde condensation, polycarboxylic acid. Casein ndi superplasticizer yabwino kwambiri, makamaka pamatope opyapyala, koma chifukwa ndi chilengedwe, mtundu wake komanso mtengo wake umasinthasintha. Mankhwala ochepetsa madzi a Lignin ndi sodium lignosulfonate (wood sodium), calcium yamatabwa, magnesium yamatabwa. Naphthalene mndandanda wamadzi ochepetsera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Lou. Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, melamine formaldehyde condensates ndi superplasticizers zabwino, koma zotsatira pa matope woonda ndi ochepa. Polycarboxylic acid ndiukadaulo womwe wangopangidwa kumene komanso wochita bwino kwambiri komanso wopanda utsi wa formaldehyde. Chifukwa CE ndi wamba naphthalene mndandanda superplasticizer zidzachititsa coagulation kupanga konkire osakaniza kutaya workability, choncho m'pofunika kusankha sanali naphthalene mndandanda superplasticizer mu engineering. Ngakhale pakhala pali maphunziro okhudzana ndi zotsatira za matope osinthidwa a CE ndi ma admixtures osiyanasiyana, pakadali kusamvetsetsana kwakukulu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosakaniza ndi CE ndi maphunziro ochepa pamakina olumikizirana, ndipo mayeso ambiri amafunikira konzani izo.

5. Mapeto

Udindo wa CE mu matope makamaka zimaonekera kwambiri madzi posungira mphamvu, chikoka pa kusasinthasintha ndi thixotropic zimatha matope ndi kusintha rheological katundu. Kuphatikiza pakupereka matope kuti agwire bwino ntchito, CE imathanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa simenti koyambirira komanso kuchedwetsa hydration dynamic process ya simenti. Njira zowunikira ntchito zamatope zimasiyanasiyana kutengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maphunziro pa microstructure ya CE mumatope monga filimu kupanga makina ndi filimu kupanga morphology zachitika kunja, koma mpaka pano, palibe njira mwachindunji quantitatively ndi qualitatively kufotokoza kukhalapo osiyana polima microstructure mu matope. .

Mtondo wosinthidwa wa CE umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matope owonda osanjikiza mumatope osakaniza owuma atsiku ndi tsiku (monga binder ya njerwa yakumaso, putty, matope osanjikiza, etc.). Kapangidwe kapadera kameneka kaŵirikaŵiri kamakhala limodzi ndi vuto la kutaya madzi mofulumira kwa matope. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wamkulu amayang'ana zomangira njerwa zakumaso, ndipo pali maphunziro ochepa pamitundu ina yopyapyala matope a CE osinthidwa.

Choncho, m'tsogolo, m'pofunika imathandizira kafukufuku wosanjikiza hydration limagwirira wa mapadi efa kusinthidwa matope mu dongosolo woonda wosanjikiza ndi okhudza malo lamulo la polima mu matope wosanjikiza pansi pa chikhalidwe cha imfa mofulumira madzi. Pochita ntchito, chikoka cha cellulose etha kusinthidwa matope pa kusintha kutentha ndi ngakhale ndi admixtures ena ayenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira. Ntchito yokhudzana ndi kafukufukuyo idzalimbikitsa chitukuko chaukadaulo waukadaulo wa matope osinthidwa a CE monga matope opaka khoma, putty, matope olowa ndi zina zopyapyala.