Ma cellulose ether (cellulose ether) amapangidwa ndi cellulose ndi etherification reaction ndi ufa wowumitsa wa imodzi kapena zingapo zopangira etherifying.Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kake ka ether substituent, cellulose ether imatha kugawidwa kukhala anionic, cationic ndi non-ionic ether.Ionic cellulose ether makamaka carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC);Non-ionic cellulose ether makamaka methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HC).Non-ionic ether imagawidwa mu ether yosungunuka m'madzi ndi ether yosungunuka m'madzi, ether yosasungunuka m'madzi yomwe siionic imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muzinthu zamatope.Pamaso pa ayoni calcium, ionic mapadi ether ndi wosakhazikika, choncho kawirikawiri ntchito youma osakaniza matope mankhwala ndi simenti, hydrated laimu ndi zipangizo zina cementing.Non-ionic madzi sungunuka cellulose ether amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale omanga nyumba chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kuyimitsidwa komanso kusunga madzi.
1. Mankhwala a cellulose ether
Ether iliyonse ya cellulose imakhala ndi kapangidwe ka cellulose - kapangidwe ka shuga wopanda madzi.Popanga cellulose ether, ulusi wa cellulose umatenthedwa mu njira ya alkaline poyamba, kenako amathandizidwa ndi etherifying agent.The fibrous reaction mankhwala amayeretsedwa ndi pansi kupanga yunifolomu ufa ndi fineness inayake.
Popanga MC, methane chloride yokha ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherifying agent.HPMC kupanga kuwonjezera pa ntchito methane kolorayidi, komanso ntchito propylene okusayidi kupeza hydroxypropyl m'malo gulu.Ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi ma methyl ndi hydroxypropyl m'malo osiyanasiyana, omwe amakhudza kusungunuka kwa ma cellulose ethers komanso kutentha kwa gel osakaniza.
2. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito cellulose ether
Cellulose ether ndi si-ionic semi-synthetic polima, madzi sungunuka ndi zosungunulira awiri, m'mafakitale osiyana chifukwa ndi udindo ndi osiyana, monga mu mankhwala zipangizo zomangira, ali zotsatira zotsatirazi pawiri:
① madzi posungira wothandizira ② thickening wothandizira ③ kusanja ④ kupanga filimu ⑤ binder
M'makampani a PVC, ndi emulsifier, dispersant;M'makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi mtundu wa binder komanso kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono mafupa azinthu, chifukwa mapadi amakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, choncho ndi gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Zotsatirazi zikuyang'ana pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cellulose ether muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zomangira ndi ntchito.
(1) Mu utoto wa latex:
Mu mzere wa latex utoto, kusankha hydroxyethyl mapadi, ambiri specifications kukhuthala ndi RT3000-50000cps, limafanana HBR250 specifications, Buku mlingo zambiri 1.5 ‰ -2 ‰.Udindo waukulu wa hydroxyethyl mu utoto lalabala utoto ndi thicken, kuteteza pigment gelation, zimathandiza kuti kubalalitsidwa pigment, latex, bata, ndipo akhoza kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe a zigawo zikuluzikulu, zimathandiza kuti kusanja ntchito yomanga: Hydroxyethyl mapadi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, madzi ozizira ndi otentha amatha kusungunuka, ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi mtengo wa PH.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pakati pa PH mtengo 2 ndi 12. Njira zitatu zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Kwa njirayi, kuchedwa kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi nthawi yowonongeka kwa mphindi zoposa 30 ziyenera kusankhidwa.Ndondomeko ndi motere: (1) kukhala mkulu ayenera kudula blender chidebe kuchuluka madzi oyera (2) mkati mphamvu ya anthu anayamba otsika-liwiro kusanganikirana, hydroxyethyl yunifolomu pang'onopang'ono pa nthawi yomweyo kuti agwirizane mu njira ya (3) pitirizani kusonkhezera mpaka zipangizo zonse zonyowa granular (4) kuti agwirizane zina zina ndi zina zamchere (5) chipwirikiti mpaka kwathunthu kusungunuka onse hydroxyethyl, kuwonjezera zigawo zina za chilinganizo, akupera kuti yomalizidwa mankhwala.ⅱ, pogwiritsa ntchito mowa wa amayi: njira iyi imatha kusankha mtundu wapomwepo, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya cellulose yoteteza mildew.Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kujowina utoto wa emulsioni mwachindunji, kupanga njira yofanana ndi ①-④ sitepe ndi yofanana.ⅲ, yokhala ndi phala kuti mugwiritse ntchito: chifukwa zosungunulira za organic ndi zosungunulira zoyipa za hydroxyethyl (zosasungunuka) kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulirazi pokonza phala.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zosungunulira zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwira muzojambula za latex, monga ethylene glycol, propylene glycol ndi mafilimu opanga mafilimu (monga diethylene glycol butyl acetate), phala la hydroxyethyl cellulose likhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku utoto, mutatha kuwonjezera, pitirizani kusonkhezera mpaka kusungunuka kwathunthu.
(2) Kukwapula khoma putty:
Pakalipano, China ili m'mizinda yambiri yamadzi kukana, kukana swab ya chitetezo cha chilengedwe putty wakhala makamaka anatengedwa mozama ndi anthu, mu zaka zingapo zapitazo, chifukwa putty wopangidwa ndi kumanga guluu kuwala kuwononga mpweya formaldehyde kuwononga thanzi la anthu, nyumba. guluu amapangidwa ndi polyvinyl mowa ndi formaldehyde acetal reaction.Choncho nkhaniyi pang'onopang'ono inathetsedwa ndi anthu, ndi m'malo mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi mapadi efa mndandanda wa mankhwala, ndiko kunena kuti, chitukuko cha zomangira chitetezo chilengedwe, mapadi ndi mtundu okhawo zinthu pakali pano.M'madzi osamva putty amagawidwa kukhala owuma ufa putty ndi putty phala mitundu iwiri, mitundu iwiri ya putty nthawi zambiri amasankha kusinthidwa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl mitundu iwiri, kukhuthala kwa kukhuthala kumakhala mu 3000-60000cps pakati pa zoyenera kwambiri, mu gawo lalikulu la cellulose mu putty ndi kusunga madzi, kugwirizana, mafuta ndi zina.Chifukwa putty chilinganizo cha wopanga aliyense si yemweyo, ena ndi imvi kashiamu, kuwala kashiamu, woyera simenti, ena ndi gypsum ufa, imvi kashiamu, kuwala kashiamu, etc., kotero specification mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kulowetsedwa kuchuluka kwa mapadi mwa njira ziwiri. sizili zofanana, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera ndi 2 ‰ -3 ‰ kapena choncho.Pakuwomba khoma kukhala wotopa ndi kumanga kwa ana, maziko a khoma amakhala ndi zotengera zina (khoma la njerwa la kuchuluka kwake kunali 13%, konkire ndi 3-5%), kuphatikiza ndi nthunzi wakunja, kotero ngati mukutopa ndi mwana. Kutaya madzi mofulumira kwambiri, kungachititse kuti mng'alu kapena chodabwitsa monga mungu, kuti mphamvu ya putty yafooke, kotero, pambuyo polowa mapadi ether adzathetsa vutoli.Koma mtundu wa zinthu zodzazitsa, makamaka mtundu wa calcium imvi ndiwofunikanso kwambiri.Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa cellulose, kumapangitsanso kusungunuka kwa putty, ndikupewa zochitika zakuyenda komwe kumapachikidwa pakumanga, ndipo kumakhala komasuka komanso kupulumutsa ntchito pambuyo pakupala.Mu putty ya ufa, ether ya cellulose iyenera kuwonjezeredwa moyenerera ku fakitale, kupanga kwake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikosavuta, kudzaza zinthu ndi ufa wowonjezera wowuma ukhoza kusakanikirana bwino, kumanga kumakhala kosavuta, kugawa madzi pamalowo, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake.
(3) Dongo la konkriti:
Mu matope konkire, kwenikweni kukwaniritsa mphamvu mtheradi, ayenera kupanga simenti hydration anachita kwathunthu, makamaka m'chilimwe, pomanga konkire matope kutaya madzi mofulumira, miyeso kwathunthu hydrated pa kuchiritsa madzi, njira imeneyi ndi kuwononga gwero madzi ndi ntchito yovuta, chinsinsi chili pamwamba, madzi ndi hydration akadali si kwathunthu, kotero njira zothetsera vutoli, Onjezani eyiti madzi kusunga wothandizila mapadi mu matope konkire kusankha hydroxypropyl methyl kapena methyl cellulose, kukhuthala makulidwe mu 20000- 60000cps pakati, onjezani 2% -3%.About, mlingo madzi posungira akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa oposa 85%, mu matope ntchito konkire njira ufa youma wogawana wosakaniza pambuyo pakamwa m'madzi kungakhale.
(4)Gypsumpulasitala, pulasitala womangira, pulasitala wokhotakhota:
Ndikukula kwachangu kwamakampani omanga, kufunikira kwa anthu kwa zida zomangira zatsopano kukuchulukiranso tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa kuzindikira kwa anthu zachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zomanga, zinthu za simenti za gypsum zakhala zikukula mwachangu.Pakali pano katundu wamba wa gesso ali ndi stucco gesso, caking gesso, set gesso, choyika matayala chodikirira.Plastering pulasitala ndi mtundu wabwino mkati khoma ndi denga pulasitala zakuthupi, ndi misozi khoma ndi wosakhwima ndi yosalala, musagwetse ufa ndi m'munsi chomangira mwamphamvu, palibe akulimbana chodabwitsa, ndipo ali ndi ntchito kupewa moto;Zomatira gypsum ndi mtundu watsopano wa zomangamanga kuwala bolodi zomatira, gypsum monga zakuthupi m'munsi, kuphatikiza zosiyanasiyana kuwonjezera mphamvu pakamwa wothandizila zopangidwa zomatira zakuthupi, ndi oyenera mitundu yonse ya zinthu zomangira zomangira khoma pakati pa chomangira, ndi sanali poizoni. , zoipa, oyambirira mphamvu kusala kudya, kugwirizana ndi bolodi nyumba, chipika yomanga zipangizo zothandizira;Wothandizira kudzaza msoko wa gypsum ndi mbale ya gypsum pakati pa zinthu zodzaza mipata ndi khoma, kudzaza ming'alu.Zogulitsa za gypsumzi zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo gypsum ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti zigwire ntchito, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera za cellulose ether zimagwira ntchito yaikulu.Chifukwa gesso wagawanika kukhala popanda madzi gesso ndi senti ya theka la madzi gesso, osiyana gesso ndi wosiyana ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya mankhwala, kuonjezera wandiweyani, kuteteza madzi, pang'onopang'ono coagulate khalidwe wasankha gesso zomangira.Vuto lodziwika bwino la zinthuzi ndi kung'ambika kwa ng'oma yopanda kanthu, mphamvu zoyamba sizingachitike, kuti athetse vutoli, ndikusankha mtundu wa cellulose ndi retarder pawiri kugwiritsa ntchito vuto, pankhani iyi, kusankha kwa methyl kapena hydroxypropyl methyl. 30000-60000cps, kuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi 1.5% - 2%.Pakati, cholinga cha cellulose ndikusunga madzi komanso kutsekemera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa condensation.Komabe, mu izi kudalira mapadi efa monga retarder si mpaka, ayenera kuwonjezera citric asidi retarder pambuyo ntchito wosanganiza sizingakhudze mphamvu koyamba.Mlingo wosunga madzi nthawi zambiri umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatayika popanda kuyamwa kwamadzi kunja.Ngati khomalo ndi louma, pamwamba pake pamakhala madzi ndipo kutuluka kwachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo ziwonongeke kwambiri, komanso padzakhala ng'oma yopanda kanthu ndi zochitika zosweka.Njira yogwiritsira ntchito iyi ndi kusakaniza ufa wouma, ngati kukonzekera yankho kungatanthauze njira yokonzekera yothetsera.
(5) Mtondo wa insulation
Thermal insulation mortar ndi mtundu watsopano wamkati wamkati wamkati wamatenthedwe otenthetsera zida kumpoto kwa China.Ndi khoma zinthu apanga ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zakuthupi, matope ndi binder.Pankhani iyi, cellulose imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulumikizana ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.Nthawi zambiri, methyl cellulose yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu (pafupifupi 10000eps) imasankhidwa, ndipo mlingowo umakhala pakati pa 2 ‰ ndi 3 ‰.Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndikusakaniza ufa wouma.
(6) mawonekedwe wothandizira
Wothandizira mawonekedwe ndi HPMC200000cps, chomangira matayala ndi choposa 60000cps, ndipo mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi mphamvu za muvi.Mu matayala omangira madzi wosungirako kuti tilepheretse kutaya madzi kuti isagwe mwachangu.
3. Unyolo wa mafakitale
(1) Makampani akumtunda
Zida zazikulu zopangira mapadi a cellulose ether ndi thonje loyengedwa (kapena zamkati zamatabwa) ndi zosungunulira zamankhwala wamba, monga propylene oxide, chloromethane, alkali yamadzimadzi, piritsi la alkali, ethylene oxide, toluene ndi zida zina zothandizira.Mabizinesi akumtunda amakampaniwa akuphatikiza thonje woyengedwa, mabizinesi opanga matabwa amitengo ndi mabizinesi ena amankhwala.Kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa mtengo wopangira ndi mtengo wogulitsa wa cellulose ether.
Mtengo wa thonje woyengedwa ndi wokwera kwambiri.Kutengera zomangira kalasi mapadi etere monga chitsanzo, pa nthawi malipoti, chiwerengero cha woyengeka thonje mtengo mu zomangira kalasi mapadi etere malonda mtengo anali 31,74%, 28,50%, 26,59% ndi 26.90%, motero.Kusinthasintha kwamtengo wa thonje woyengedwa kudzakhudza mtengo wopangira cellulose ether.Chopangira chachikulu chopangira thonje woyengedwa ndi thonje lalikulu.Chomera cha thonje ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thonje, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga thonje, thonje woyengedwa, nitrocellulost ndi zinthu zina.Mtengo wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito thonje ndizosiyana ndi za thonje, ndipo mtengo wake mwachiwonekere ndi wotsika kuposa wa thonje, koma uli ndi mgwirizano wina ndi kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa thonje.Kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya thonje kukhudza mtengo wa thonje woyengedwa.
Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa mtengo wa thonje woyengedwa kudzakhudza mtengo wopangira, mitengo yazinthu komanso phindu la mabizinesi mumsika uno kumlingo wosiyanasiyana.Pankhani ya mtengo woyengedwa kwambiri wa thonje ndi mtengo wamtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi wotsika mtengo, pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, zamkati zamatabwa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cholowa mmalo mwa thonje woyengedwa ndi zowonjezera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya chamankhwala kalasi ya cellulose ether ndi zina zotsika kukhuthala. cellulose ether.M’chaka cha 2013, dziko la China linadzala mahekala 4.35 miliyoni a thonje ndipo linapanga matani 6.31 miliyoni a thonje, malinga ndi webusaiti ya National Bureau of Statistics.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za China Cellulose Viwanda Association, mu 2014, kuchuluka kwa thonje woyengedwa m'mabizinesi akuluakulu opangira thonje woyengedwa anali matani 332,000, okhala ndi zida zambiri.
(2) mapadi etere kunsi kwa mtsinje makampani
Cellulose ether monga "industrial MONOsodium glutamate", cellulose ether kuwonjezera chiwerengero ndi chochepa, ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mafakitale akumunsi omwe amabalalika m'madera onse a chuma cha dziko.
Nthawi zonse, makampani omanga kunsi kwa mtsinje ndi malonda ogulitsa nyumba adzakhala ndi zotsatira zina pakukula kwa kufunikira kwa zipangizo zomangira kalasi ya cellulose ether.Pamene makampani omanga m'nyumba ndi kukula kwa makampani ogulitsa nyumba akukulirakulira, msika wapakhomo wazinthu zomangira kalasi ya cellulose ether amafuna kukula msanga.Pamene kukula kwa makampani omanga nyumba ndi malonda ogulitsa nyumba kutsika, kukula kwa kufunikira kwa zipangizo zomangira kalasi ya cellulose ether pamsika wapakhomo kudzachepa, kupangitsa mpikisano wamakampaniwo kukhala wochuluka kwambiri, ndikufulumizitsa kupulumuka. za njira zoyenera kwambiri zamabizinesi mumakampani.
Kuyambira 2012, pansi pakukula pang'onopang'ono kwamakampani omanga nyumba ndi malo ogulitsa nyumba, kufunikira kwa zida zomangira ma cellulose ether pamsika wakunyumba sikunasinthe kwambiri.Zifukwa zazikuluzikulu ndi izi: 1. Chiwerengero chonse cha makampani omanga nyumba ndi malo ogulitsa nyumba ndi aakulu, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika ndi kwakukulu;Msika waukulu wa ogula wa zida zomangira ma cellulose ether kuchokera kumadera otukuka azachuma komanso mizinda yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, ukukula pang'onopang'ono mpaka ku Midwest ndi mizinda yachitatu yagawo, kuthekera kwakukula kwapakhomo komanso kukulitsa malo;Awiri, kuchuluka kwa mapadi etere anawonjezera mtengo wa zomangira ndi otsika mlingo, kuchuluka kwa kasitomala mmodzi ndi yaing'ono, makasitomala anamwazikana, zosavuta kubala okhwima ankafuna, okwana ankafuna msika kumtsinje ndi wokhazikika;Zitatu, zomangira msika mtengo kusintha zimakhudza mapalulo etere kufunika kapangidwe kamangidwe, zinthu zofunika kuti mapadi etero mlingo kuyambira 2012, zomangira mtengo kuchepa ndi yaikulu, mankhwala mkulu-mapeto kutsika mtengo ndi yaikulu, kukopa makasitomala ambiri kugula kusankha, kuchuluka kufunika kwa katundu mkulu-mapeto mu, ndi kufinya wamba mtundu malonda amafuna msika ndi mtengo danga.
Kukula kwamakampani opanga mankhwala komanso kukula kwamakampani opanga mankhwala kudzakhudza kusintha kwa kufunikira kwa mankhwala a cellulose ether.Kusintha kwa moyo wa anthu komanso makampani otukuka azakudya ndiwothandiza pakuyendetsa kufunikira kwa msika wama cellulose ether.
6. Kukula kwa cellulose ether
Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa kufunikira kwa msika wa cellulose ether pazosiyana zamapangidwe, kupangika kwa mphamvu zamabizinesi osiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane.Poona zoonekeratu structural kusiyana makhalidwe kufunika msika, zoweta opanga mapadi etha pamodzi ndi mphamvu zawo kutenga njira mpikisano osiyana, komanso kumvetsa bwino kachitidwe chitukuko ndi malangizo a msika.
(1) kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwamtundu wazinthu, kudzakhalabe mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamakampani a cellulose ether.
Ma cellulose ether m'makampani ambiri mabizinesi akumunsi pamitengo yopangira ndi ochepa, koma mtundu wazinthu ndi waukulu.Magulu a makasitomala apakati komanso apamwamba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa cellulose ether model m'mbuyomu, kuti adutse muyeso woyeserera.Pambuyo popanga chilinganizo chokhazikika, nthawi zambiri sizovuta kusintha mitundu ina yazinthu, komanso kuyika patsogolo zofunikira kuti pakhale bata la cellulose ether.Chodabwitsa ichi ndi chodziwika kwambiri m'mabizinesi apanyumba ndi akunja akuluakulu opanga zida zomangira, zida zamankhwala, zowonjezera chakudya, PVC ndi madera ena apamwamba.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wazinthu, opanga ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuperekedwa kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a cellulose ether kumatha kukhalabe okhazikika, kuti apange mbiri yabwino pamsika.
(2) Kupititsa patsogolo luso mlingo wa ntchito mankhwala ndi malangizo chitukuko cha mabizinezi zoweta mapadi ether
Pankhani ya ukadaulo wopanga ma cellulose ether ukukula kwambiri, luso lapamwamba laukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito limathandizira mabizinesi kuti apititse patsogolo kupikisana kokwanira, kupanga ubale wokhazikika wamakasitomala.Mabizinesi odziwika bwino a cellulose ether m'maiko otukuka amatengera njira yopikisana ya "kuyang'anizana ndi makasitomala akuluakulu apamwamba + chitukuko cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapatsinde", kupanga ma cellulose ether kugwiritsa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo, ndikukonza zinthu zingapo molingana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. minda yofunsira kuti athandizire kugwiritsa ntchito makasitomala, komanso kukulitsa kufunikira kwa msika wakumunsi.Mpikisano wamabizinesi a cellulose ether m'maiko otukuka walowa muukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera pazogulitsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-04-2022