Kupanga carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) kumaphatikizapo masitepe angapo komanso machitidwe amankhwala. CMC ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose, polima wachilengedwe wopezeka m'makoma a zomera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi nsalu chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwake, kukhazikika, komanso kumanga. Nayi chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane chamomwe mungapangire carboxymethylcellulose:
Chiyambi cha Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC):
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ndi chochokera ku cellulose, polysaccharide yopezeka mwachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka m'makoma a cellulose. Kupanga kwa CMC kumaphatikizapo kusintha ma cellulose kudzera muzochita zamakemikolo kuti ayambitse magulu a carboxymethyl pamsana wa cellulose. Kusintha kumeneku kumapereka kusungunuka kwamadzi ndi zinthu zina zofunika ku polima.
Zida zogwiritsira ntchito:
Ma cellulose: Zopangira zopangira CMC ndi cellulose. Ma cellulose amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe monga zamkati zamatabwa, zomangira za thonje, kapena zotsalira zaulimi.
Sodium Hydrooxide (NaOH): Imadziwikanso kuti caustic soda, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira CMC kupanga chithandizo cha cellulose alkali.
Chloroacetic Acid (ClCH2COOH): Chloroacetic acid ndiye reagent yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa magulu a carboxymethyl pamsana wa cellulose.
Etherification Catalyst: Zothandizira monga sodium hydroxide kapena sodium carbonate zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithandizire kachitidwe ka etherification pakati pa cellulose ndi chloroacetic acid.
Zosungunulira: Zosungunulira monga isopropanol kapena ethanol zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula zotulutsa ndikuthandizira momwe zimachitikira.
Ndondomeko Yopanga:
Kupanga carboxymethylcellulose kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunika:
1. Mankhwala a Alkali a Cellulose:
Ma cellulose amathandizidwa ndi alkali wamphamvu, nthawi zambiri sodium hydroxide (NaOH), kuti awonjezere kuyambiranso kwake potembenuza magulu ake ena a hydroxyl kukhala alkali cellulose. Izi mankhwala zambiri ikuchitika mu riyakitala chotengera pa okwera kutentha. Ma cellulose a alkali omwe amapangidwa amatsukidwa ndikuchotsedwa kuti achotse alkali wochulukirapo.
2. Etherification:
Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha alkali, cellulose imayendetsedwa ndi chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) pamaso pa chothandizira cha etherification. Izi zimabweretsa magulu a carboxymethyl pamsana wa cellulose, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga carboxymethylcellulose. The etherification reaction zambiri zimachitika pansi pa kutentha, kukakamizidwa, ndi pH kuti akwaniritse digiri yofunikira ya m'malo (DS) ndi kulemera kwa maselo a CMC.
3. Kutsuka ndi Kuyeretsa:
Kutsatira kachitidwe ka etherification, chinthu cha CMC chosakanizika chimatsukidwa bwino kuti chichotse ma reagents osakhudzidwa, zopangira, ndi zonyansa. Kusamba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kapena organic solvents kenako kusefera kapena centrifugation. Njira zoyeretsera zingaphatikizepo chithandizo ndi ma asidi kapena maziko kuti musinthe pH ndikuchotsa zotsalira zotsalira.
4. Kuyanika:
CMC yoyeretsedwa imawumitsidwa kuti ichotse chinyezi ndikupeza chomaliza mu ufa kapena mawonekedwe a granular. Kuyanika kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kuyanika kutsitsi, kuyanika kwa vacuum, kapena kuyanika mpweya pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa bwino kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kapena kuphatikizika kwa polima.
Kuwongolera Ubwino:
Njira zowongolera zabwino ndizofunikira pakupanga kwa CMC kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika, kuyera, komanso zomwe mukufuna pazogulitsa zomaliza. Ma parameters apamwamba ndi awa:
Degree of substitution (DS): Avereji yamagulu a carboxymethyl pagawo la shuga mu unyolo wa cellulose.
Kugawa kulemera kwa mamolekyulu: Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi njira monga miyeso ya viscosity kapena gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Kuyera: Kuyesedwa ndi njira zowunikira monga infrared spectroscopy (IR) kapena high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) kuti azindikire zonyansa.
Viscosity: Katundu wofunikira pamapulogalamu ambiri, kuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito ma viscometers kuti atsimikizire kusasinthika ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Carboxymethylcellulose:
Carboxymethylcellulose amapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
Makampani a Chakudya: Monga chowonjezera, chokhazikika, ndi emulsifier muzinthu monga sosi, mavalidwe, ayisikilimu, ndi zinthu zowotcha.
Mankhwala: Mu mankhwala monga binder, disintegrant, ndi viscosity modifier m'mapiritsi, kuyimitsidwa, ndi ma topical formulations.
Zodzoladzola: Muzinthu zodzisamalira ngati mafuta odzola, mafuta odzola, ndi mashamposi ngati chinthu chokhuthala komanso chosinthira rheology.
Zovala: Pakusindikiza kwa nsalu, makulidwe, ndi njira zomalizitsira kuti zithandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito a nsalu.
Zolinga Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo:
Kupanga kwa CMC kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zopangira mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi vuto la chilengedwe monga kupanga madzi onyansa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwala akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ndizofunikira pakupanga CMC. Kukhazikitsa njira zabwino zochotsera zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, thanzi lantchito ndi chitetezo zingathandize kuchepetsa nkhawazi.
Kupanga kwa carboxymethylcellulose kumaphatikizapo masitepe angapo kuyambira pakuchotsa cellulose kupita ku mankhwala a alkali, etherification, kuyeretsa, ndi kuyanika. Njira zowongolera zabwino ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika ndi kuyera kwa chinthu chomaliza, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuganizira zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga CMC, ndikugogomezera kufunikira kwa njira zokhazikika komanso zodalirika zopangira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-27-2024