Momwe mungasinthire kupanga ma cellulose ether?

Malingaliro a kampani Kima Chemical Co., Ltd ndingakonde yambitsani kusintha kwa mapangidwe a cellulose ether ndi zida m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ndikusanthula mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kneader ndi coulter reactor mu kupanga mapadi ether. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha makampani a cellulose ether, mphamvu yopangira zida zamtundu umodzi ikusintha kuchokera ku matani mazana mpaka matani masauzande angapo. Ndi njira yosapeŵeka kuti zida zatsopano zilowe m'malo mwa zida zakale.

Mawu ofunikira: cellulose ether; zida zopangira; wophika; mphesa riyakitala

Tikayang'ana m'mbuyo zaka khumi zapitazi zamakampani opanga ma cellulose ether ku China, ndi zaka khumi zaulemerero pakukula kwamakampani opanga ma cellulose ether. Mphamvu yopanga ma cellulose ether yafika matani oposa 250,000. Mu 2007, linanena bungwe CMC anali 122,000 matani, ndi linanena bungwe sanali ionic mapadi ether anali 62,000 matani. 10,000 matani a cellulose ether (mu 1999, China'kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether kunali matani 25,660 okha), zomwe zimapitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko lapansi.'s zotuluka; mabizinesi angapo olemera matani chikwi alowa bwino m'mabizinesi olemera matani 10,000; mitundu yazinthu yakula kwambiri, Ubwino wazinthu zasinthidwa pafupipafupi; kuseri kwa zonsezi ndi kukhwima kwina kwa njira luso ndi zina kusintha kwa mlingo zida kupanga. Poyerekeza ndi mlingo wapamwamba wakunja, kusiyana kwachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za chitukuko chaposachedwa cha kupanga mapadi etere kupanga zoweta ndi kukonza zida m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo imayambitsa ntchito yopangidwa ndi Zhejiang Chemical Industry Research Institute pofufuza ndikupanga zida zopangira mapadi etere potengera chiphunzitso ndi malingaliro amakampani opanga mankhwala obiriwira. Ntchito yofufuza pa cellulose ether alkalization etherification reactor.

1. Ukadaulo wopanga ndi zida zama cellulose ether CMC m'ma 1990

Popeza Shanghai Celluloid Factory idapanga njira yapakati pamadzi mu 1958, njira yosungunulira yamagetsi otsika ndi njira zina zopangira zida zagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga CMC. M'nyumba, kneaders makamaka ntchito etherification zimachitikira. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, mphamvu yopanga pachaka ya chomera chimodzi CMC ya opanga ambiri inali matani 200-500, ndipo zitsanzo zazikulu za etherification zinali 1.5m.³ ndi 3m³ okanda. Komabe, pamene kneader imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chochitira, chifukwa cha liwiro lapang'onopang'ono la mkono wopondera, nthawi yayitali ya etherification reaction, kuchuluka kwa machitidwe am'mbali, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa etherification agent, komanso kusafanana bwino kwa etherification anachita substituent kugawa, waukulu anachita zinthu Mwachitsanzo, controllability wa kusamba chiŵerengero, ndende zamchere ndi kusinja mkono liwiro ndi osauka, kotero n'zovuta kuzindikira pafupifupi homogeneity wa etherification anachita, ndipo n'kovuta kwambiri kuchititsa kusamutsa misa. ndi permeation kafukufuku wa deep etherification reaction. Chifukwa chake, kneader ili ndi zoletsa zina monga zida zomwe CMC imachitira, ndipo ndizomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwamakampani a cellulose ether. Kusakwanira kwa zitsanzo zazikulu za etherification reaction mu 1990s zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'mawu atatu: ang'onoang'ono (kutulutsa kochepa kwa chipangizo chimodzi), otsika (otsika mtengo wa etherification wothandizira), osauka (etherification reaction imalowa m'malo ndi osauka). Poganizira zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka kneader, ndikofunikira kupanga zida zomwe zimatha kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitikira etherification, komanso kugawa zomwe zili muzochita za etherification zimakhala zofananira, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito. wa etherification wothandizira ndi apamwamba. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, mabizinesi ambiri apanyumba a cellulose ether akuyembekeza kuti Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Viwanda ifufuza ndikupanga zida zopangira zomwe zimafunikira mwachangu ndi mafakitale a cellulose ether. Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry anayamba kuchita nawo kafukufuku wa ndondomeko yosakaniza ufa ndi zipangizo mu 1970s, anapanga gulu lamphamvu la R & D, ndipo adapeza zotsatira zokondweretsa. Ukadaulo ndi zida zambiri zidaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani a Chemical ndi Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, tinagwirizana ndi Tianjin Fire Research Institute ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Anthu kupanga zida zapadera zopangira ufa wowuma, zomwe zidapambana mphotho yachitatu ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Public's Science and Technology Progress Award; m'zaka za m'ma 1990, tidafufuza ndikupanga ukadaulo wosakanikirana wamadzimadzi olimba ndi zida. Podziwa za tsogolo la chitukuko cha makampani a cellulose ether, ofufuza a Zhejiang Provincial Research Institute of Chemical Industry anayamba kufufuza ndi kupanga zida zapadera zopangira cellulose ether.

2. Njira yopangira makina apadera a cellulose ether

2.1 Zosakaniza za colter

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya chosakaniza cha coulter ndi yakuti pansi pa chowombera chofanana ndi khasu, ufa mu makinawo umakhala wachisokonezo pakhoma la silinda mumayendedwe ozungulira komanso ozungulira mbali imodzi, ndipo ufa umaponyedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri. cha khasu kumbali inayo. Mayendedwe a kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala katatu. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzimadzi kwa zida zopangira ulusi, mitundu ina siyingayendetse mayendedwe ozungulira, ma radial ndi axial a cellulose mu silinda. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wa CMC kupanga ndondomeko ndi zipangizo za mapadi etere makampani kunyumba ndi kunja, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira zaka 30 zotsatira za kafukufuku, ndi coulter chosakanizira kukula mu 1980s poyamba anasankhidwa monga chitsanzo zofunika pa chitukuko cha mapadi. ether reaction zida.

2.2 Njira yopangira ma colter reactor

Kupyolera mu kuyesa kwa makina ang'onoang'ono oyesera, izo zapezadi zotsatira zabwino kuposa kneader. Komabe, akamagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji mumakampani a cellulose ether, pamakhala zovuta zotsatirazi: 1) mu etherification reaction, fluidity ya fibrous reaction yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi yocheperako, kotero kapangidwe kake ka coulter ndi mpeni wowuluka si. zokwanira. Yendetsani mapadi kuti aziyenda mozungulira, ma radial ndi axial a mbiya, kotero kuti kusakaniza kwa reactants sikokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma reactants agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zochepa. 2) Chifukwa cha kusasunthika kosasunthika kwa shaft yayikulu yothandizidwa ndi nthiti, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa eccentricity pambuyo pogwira ntchito komanso vuto la kutulutsa chisindikizo cha shaft; Choncho, mpweya wakunja umalowa mosavuta mu silinda kupyolera mu chisindikizo cha shaft ndipo umakhudza ntchito ya vacuum mu silinda, zomwe zimapangitsa ufa mu silinda. Kuthawa. 3) Ma valve awo otulutsa ndi ma valve otsekemera kapena ma disc. Yoyamba ndiyosavuta kutulutsa mpweya wakunja chifukwa cha kusasindikiza bwino, pomwe chomaliza chimakhala chosavuta kusunga zinthu ndikupangitsa kutaya kwa reactants. Choncho, mavutowa ayenera kuthetsedwa mmodzimmodzi.

Ofufuza asintha mapangidwe a coulter reactor nthawi zambiri, ndikuwapatsa mabizinesi angapo a cellulose ether kuti agwiritse ntchito moyeserera, ndikuwongolera pang'onopang'ono mapangidwewo molingana ndi mayankho. Posintha mawonekedwe a ma coulters ndi makonzedwe akugwedezeka a ma coulters awiri oyandikana mbali zonse za tsinde lalikulu, ma reactants pansi pakuchita kwa ma coulters samangokhala chipwirikiti mumayendedwe ozungulira komanso ozungulira mkati mwa khoma lamkati la silinda, koma Komanso Splash m'mbali zonse ziwiri za coulter, kotero kuti ma reactants amasakanikirana bwino, ndipo zotsatira za alkalization ndi etherification zimamalizidwa mu kusanganikirana ndizokwanira, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe a reactants ndikwambiri, kuthamanga kwazomwe zimachitika mwachangu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, zisindikizo za shaft ndi mipando yokhala ndi malekezero onse a silinda zimakhazikika kumapeto kwa bulaketi kudzera pa flange kuti muwonjezere kulimba kwa shaft yayikulu, kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yokhazikika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusindikizidwa kwa chisindikizo cha shaft kungatsimikizidwe chifukwa tsinde lalikulu silimapindika ndi kupunduka, ndipo ufa mu silinda sumathawa. Posintha kapangidwe ka valavu yotulutsa ndikukulitsa kukula kwake kwa thanki yotulutsa mpweya, sizingangolepheretse kusungidwa kwa zinthu mu valavu yotulutsa, komanso kuteteza kutayika kwa zinthu za ufa pakutha, motero kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zomwe zimachitika. mankhwala. Kapangidwe ka riyakitala yatsopano ndiyoyenera. Sizingangopereka malo okhazikika komanso odalirika okonzekera cellulose ether CMC, komanso kuteteza bwino ufa mu silinda kuti usathawe mwa kuwongolera mpweya wa shaft chisindikizo ndi valve yotulutsa. Wokonda zachilengedwe, kuzindikira lingaliro la mapangidwe amakampani obiriwira amankhwala.

2.3 Kupanga makina opangira magetsi

Chifukwa cha zolakwika zazing'ono, otsika, ndi osauka kneader, coulter reactor yalowa m'nyumba zambiri zapakhomo za CMC zopanga, ndipo zinthuzo zikuphatikiza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya 4m.³,6m ndi³,8m ndi³,10m ku³,15m ku³ndi 26m,³. Mu 2007, coulter reactor idapambana chilolezo chovomerezeka cha Utility model patent (nambala yofalitsa patent: CN200957344). Pambuyo pa 2007, makina apadera opangira ma cellulose ether (monga MC/HPMC) adapangidwa. Pakali pano, kupanga zoweta CMC makamaka utenga zosungunulira njira.

Malinga ndi zomwe opanga ma cellulose ether akupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ma coulter reactors kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira ndi 20% mpaka 30%, ndipo pakuwonjezeka kwa zida zopangira, pali kuthekera kopitilira kuchepetsedwa kwa zosungunulira. Popeza colter riyakitala akhoza kufika 15-26m³, kufanana kwa kugawa kolowa m'malo mu etherification reaction ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa kwa kneader.

3. Zida zina zopangira cellulose ether

M'zaka zaposachedwa, popanga ma cellulose ether alkalization ndi etherification reactors, mitundu ina inanso ikupangidwa.

Wonyamula mpweya (nambala yofalitsa patent: CN200955897). Munjira yopanga zosungunulira za CMC, chowumitsira chowumitsira chowumitsa chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakubwezeretsa zosungunulira ndi kuyanika m'mbuyomu, koma chowumitsira chowumitsira chowumitsa chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, pomwe chonyamulira mpweya chimatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Chonyamulira mpweya chimaphwanya zinthu za CMC kudzera kusinthasintha kofulumira kwa ma coulters ndi mipeni yowuluka mu silinda kuti muwonjezere kutentha kutengerapo, ndikupopera mpweya mu silinda kuti isungunuke mowa kuchokera ku zinthu za CMC ndikuwongolera kuchira, potero Kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira CMC ndi kupulumutsa chuma Mowa, ndi malizitsani ntchito mapalo etere kuyanika ndondomeko pa nthawi yomweyo. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya 6.2m³ndi 8m³.

Granulator (nambala yofalitsa patent: CN200957347). Popanga mapadi a cellulose ndi njira yosungunulira, mapasa-screw extrusion granulator ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu kuti granulate sodium carboxymethyl cellulose zakuthupi pambuyo pa etherification reaction, kutsuka ndi kuyanika. ZLH mtundu mapalo efa granulator sangakhoze kokha granulate mosalekeza ngati alipo amapasa screw extrusion granulator, komanso akhoza mosalekeza kuchotsa zipangizo ndi kudyetsa mpweya mu yamphamvu ndi madzi ozizira mu jekete. Zitani kutentha zinyalala, potero kuwongolera khalidwe granulation, ndi kupulumutsa magetsi, ndipo akhoza kuonjezera mlingo linanena bungwe mankhwala poonjezera liwiro spindle, ndipo akhoza kusintha kutalika kwa zinthu mlingo malinga ndi zofunika ndondomeko. Zogulitsazo zili ndi mitundu iwiri ya 3.2m³ndi 4m³.

Chosakaniza cha Airflow (nambala yofalitsa patent: CN200939372). MQH mtundu airflow chosakanizira amatumiza wothinikizidwa mpweya mu chipinda kusanganikirana kudzera nozzle pa kusakaniza mutu, ndi zinthu yomweyo amanyamuka spiral pakhoma yamphamvu ndi wothinikizidwa mpweya kupanga fluidized kusanganikirana boma. Pambuyo kangapo kugunda kuwomba ndi kupuma intervals, Kuthamanga ndi yunifolomu kusakaniza zipangizo mu buku lonse akhoza anazindikira. Kusiyana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana azinthu kumasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi kusakaniza. Pakali pano, pali mitundu isanu ya mankhwala: 15m³,30m ndi³,50m ndi³,80m ndi³ndi 100m,³.

Ngakhale kusiyana pakati pa zida zapadziko lapansi za cellulose ether kupanga ndi milingo yotsogola yakunja ikupitilizidwanso pang'onopang'ono, komabe ndikofunikira kupititsa patsogolo gawo la ndondomekoyi ndikupanga kusintha kwina kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe sizigwirizana ndi zida zamakono zopangira.

4. Maonekedwe

dziko langa mafakitale mapadi etero mwakhama kupanga mapangidwe ndi kukonza zida zatsopano, ndi kaphatikizidwe makhalidwe a zipangizo mosalekeza kusintha ndondomeko. Opanga ndi opanga zida ayamba kupanga limodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano. Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale a cellulose ether mdziko langa. , ulalo uwu udzakhala ndi zotsatira zofunikira pa chitukuko cha mafakitale. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani a dziko langa a cellulose ether, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokhala ndi mikhalidwe yaku China, adatengera luso lapadziko lonse lapansi, adayambitsa zida zakunja, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zapakhomo kuti amalize kusintha kuchokera ku "zonyansa, zonyansa, zosauka" ndi kupanga kalankhulidwe kovutirapo kwambiri kupita ku Kusintha kwa makina ndi makina kuti akwaniritse kudumpha kwakukulu mu mphamvu yopangira, khalidwe labwino komanso luso lamakampani a cellulose ether wakhala cholinga chofala cha opanga ma cellulose ether mdziko langa.