Chiyambi cha Kutulutsa Ma cellulose ku Thonje:
Thonje, ulusi wachilengedwe, umapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose, unyolo wa polysaccharide wopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a shuga. Kuchotsa ma cellulose kuchokera ku thonje kumaphatikizapo kuphwanya ulusi wa thonje ndikuchotsa zonyansa kuti mupeze mankhwala a cellulose. Ma cellulose ochotsedwawa amakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale monga nsalu, mapepala, mankhwala, ndi zakudya.
Gawo 1: Kukolola ndi Kusamalira Thonje:
Kukolola: Ulusi wa thonje umachokera ku matumba a thonje. Mabotolo amatengedwa akakhwima ndi kuphulika, kuwonetsa ulusi woyera mkati mwake.
Kutsuka: Pambuyo pokolola, thonje limayeretsedwa kuti lichotse zonyansa monga dothi, njere, ndi tiziduswa ta masamba. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti cellulose yochotsedwayo ndi yoyera kwambiri.
Kuyanika: thonje lotsukidwalo limawumitsidwa kuchotsa chinyezi chochulukirapo. Kuyanika ndikofunikira chifukwa thonje yonyowa imatha kupangitsa kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimatha kutsitsa mtundu wa cellulose.
Gawo 2: Kukonza makina:
Kutsegula ndi Kuyeretsa: Thonje wouma amapangidwa ndi makina kuti alekanitse ulusi ndi kuchotsa zotsalira zilizonse. Kuchita zimenezi kumaphatikizapo kutsegula mabololo a thonje ndi kuwadutsa m’makina amene amayeretsa ndi kutulutsa ulusiwo.
Kadi: Khadi ndi njira yolumikizitsa ulusi wa thonje mu dongosolo lofanana kuti upange ukonde wopyapyala. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale kufananiza kwa fiber, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukonza kotsatira.
Kujambula: Pojambula, ulusi wa makadi umatalikitsidwa ndikuchepetsedwa kukhala makulidwe abwino. Njirayi imatsimikizira kuti ulusiwo umagawidwa mofanana ndi kugwirizanitsa, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi khalidwe la mankhwala omaliza a cellulose.
Gawo 3: Chemical Processing (Mercerization):
Mercerization: Mercerization ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ulusi wa cellulose, kuphatikiza mphamvu, kuwala, ndi kuyanjana kwa utoto. Pochita izi, ulusi wa thonje umathandizidwa ndi yankho la sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kapena alkali wina pamlingo winawake komanso kutentha.
Kutupa: Kuchiza kwa alkali kumapangitsa kuti ulusi wa cellulose ufufute, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'mimba mwake muchuluke komanso pamwamba pake. Kutupa kumeneku kumawulula magulu ambiri a hydroxyl pamtunda wa cellulose, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yotakasuka pamachitidwe obwera pambuyo pake.
Kutsuka ndi kusalowerera ndale: Pambuyo pa mercerization, ulusi umatsukidwa bwino kuti muchotse alkali wochuluka. Alkaliyo imasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya acidic kuti ikhazikike pa cellulose ndikuletsa kusinthanso kwamankhwala.
Gawo 4: Kutulutsa:
Kusungunula Ma cellulose: Ulusi wa thonje wopangidwa ndi mercerized umapangidwa ndi pulping, pomwe umasungunuka mu zosungunulira kuti muchotse cellulose. Zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusungunuka kwa cellulose ndi monga N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) ndi zakumwa za ionic monga 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]).
Homogenization: The kusungunuka mapadi njira ndi homogenized kuonetsetsa kufanana ndi kusasinthasintha. Izi zimathandiza kukwaniritsa homogeneous cellulose njira yoyenera kukonzedwanso.
Gawo 5: Kusinthika:
Mvula: Selulosi ikasungunuka, iyenera kupangidwanso kuchokera ku zosungunulira. Izi zimatheka polowetsa njira ya cellulose mubafa yopanda zosungunulira. Kusasungunuka kumapangitsa kuti cellulose ibwererenso ngati ulusi kapena chinthu chonga gel.
Kuchapa ndi Kuumitsa: Selulosi wopangidwanso amatsukidwa bwino kuti achotse zosungunulira zotsalira ndi zonyansa. Kenako amaumitsidwa kuti apeze mankhwala omaliza a cellulose ngati ulusi, flakes, kapena ufa, kutengera zomwe akufuna.
Khwerero 6: Makhalidwe ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino:
Kusanthula: Ma cellulose otengedwa amapita ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira kuti awone kuyera kwake, kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu, crystallinity, ndi zina. Njira monga X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ndi scanning electron microscopy (SEM) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira mawonekedwe a cellulose.
Kuwongolera Ubwino: Njira zowongolera zabwino zimatsatiridwa munthawi yonseyi kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika komanso kutsatira miyezo yodziwika. Magawo monga zosungunulira zosungunulira, kutentha, ndi nthawi yopangira zimayang'aniridwa ndikuwongoleredwa kuti akwaniritse mtundu womwe umafunidwa wa cellulose.
Khwerero 7: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Cellulose:
Zovala: Ma cellulose otengedwa ku thonje amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga nsalu popanga nsalu, ulusi, ndi zovala. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, kuyamwa, komanso kupuma.
Mapepala ndi Kupaka: Ma cellulose ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mapepala, makatoni, ndi zida zopakira. Zimapereka mphamvu, kulimba, ndi kusindikiza kwa zinthu izi.
Mankhwala: Ma cellulose acetate monga cellulose acetate ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala monga ma binders, disintegrants, ndi anti-controlled-release agents.
Chakudya ndi Chakumwa: Ma cellulose opangidwa ndi cellulose monga methyl cellulose ndi carboxymethyl cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mafakitale monga zonenepa, zokhazikika, ndi zokometsera muzakudya ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana.
Kuchotsa cellulose ku thonje kumaphatikizapo masitepe angapo kuphatikiza kukolola, kusamalidwa, kukonza makina, kukonza mankhwala, pulping, kusinthika, ndi mawonekedwe. Gawo lililonse ndilofunika kuti pakhale cellulose yoyera yokhala ndi zinthu zofunika. Ma cellulose ochotsedwa amakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale onse monga nsalu, mapepala, mankhwala, ndi chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira komanso yosinthika polima. Njira zochotsera bwino komanso njira zowongolera zowongolera zimatsimikizira kupanga mapadi apamwamba kwambiri oyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-06-2024