Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ndi chochokera m'madzi chosungunuka cha cellulose chomwe chili ndi ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka pobowola madzi pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi. Amadziwika ndi zinthu zake zabwino kwambiri za rheological, kukhazikika kwakukulu komanso kugwirizana ndi zina zowonjezera. Kupanga cellulose ya polyanionic kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mapadi, kusintha mankhwala, ndi kuyeretsa.
1. Kuchotsa ma cellulose:
Zomwe zimayambira pa cellulose ya polyanionic ndi cellulose, polima wachilengedwe wopezeka m'makoma a cellulose. Ma cellulose amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zakubzala, monga zamkati zamatabwa, ma linter a thonje, kapena mbewu zina zokhala ndi ulusi. Njira yochotsera ili ndi izi:
A. Kukonzekera zopangira:
Zomera zosankhidwa zimakonzedweratu kuti zichotse zonyansa monga lignin, hemicellulose ndi pectin. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
b. Kupupa:
Zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa kale zimapukutidwa, zomwe zimaphwanya ulusi wa cellulose. Njira zodziwika bwino zopukutira ndi monga kraft pulping ndi sulfite pulping, iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake.
C. Kupatukana kwa cellulose:
Zamkati zamkati zimakonzedwa kuti zilekanitse ulusi wa cellulosic. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizira kutsuka ndi kutsuka madzi kuti apeze zinthu za cellulosic.
2. Kusintha kwa Chemical:
Ma cellulose akapezeka, amasinthidwa ndi mankhwala kuti ayambitse magulu a anionic, kuwasintha kukhala polyanionic cellulose. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazifukwa izi ndi etherification.
A. Etherification:
Etherification imakhudza momwe cellulose imayendera ndi etherifying agent kuti ayambitse maulalo a ether. Pankhani ya cellulose ya polyanionic, magulu a carboxymethyl nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa. Izi zimatheka ndi zochita ndi sodium monochloroacetate pamaso pa chothandizira zofunika.
b. Carboxymethylation reaction:
Kachitidwe ka carboxymethylation kumakhudza kusinthidwa kwa maatomu a haidrojeni pamagulu a hydroxyl a cellulose ndi magulu a carboxymethyl. Izi ndizofunikira kuti akhazikitse zida za anionic pamsana wa cellulose.
C. chepetsa:
Pambuyo pa carboxymethylation, mankhwalawa amasinthidwa kuti asinthe gulu la carboxymethyl kukhala ma ion a carboxylate. Izi ndizofunikira kuti polyanionic cellulose isungunuke m'madzi.
3. Kuyeretsedwa:
Ma cellulose osinthidwa amatsukidwa kuti achotse zinthu zina, makemikolo osakhudzidwa, ndi zodetsa zilizonse zomwe zingakhudze momwe amagwirira ntchito mwanjira inayake.
A. kusamba:
Zamgululi amatsukidwa bwino kuchotsa owonjezera reactants, mchere ndi zosafunika zina. Nthawi zambiri madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi.
b. Kuyanika:
Ma cellulose oyeretsedwa a polyanionic amawumitsidwa kuti apeze chomaliza cha ufa kapena mawonekedwe a granular.
4. Kuwongolera khalidwe:
Njira zowongolera zabwino zimayendetsedwa nthawi yonse yopangira kuti zitsimikizire kuti cellulose ya polyanionic ikukwaniritsa zofunikira. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyesa kulemera kwa maselo, kuchuluka kwa kusintha ndi zina zofunika.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito:
Polyanionic cellulose imagwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka pakubowola madzimadzi mu gawo lamafuta ndi gasi. Imagwira ntchito ngati tackifier, chowongolera kutayika kwamadzimadzi komanso choletsa cha shale, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse amadzi obowola. Ntchito zina zikuphatikiza mafakitale azakudya ndi mankhwala komwe kusungunuka kwake m'madzi ndi ma rheological katundu amapereka zabwino.
Polyanionic cellulose ndi yosunthika komanso yamtengo wapatali yochokera ku cellulose yomwe kupanga kumafunikira masitepe odziwika bwino. Kutulutsa mapadi kuchokera kuzinthu zobzala, kusinthidwa kwa mankhwala kudzera mu etherification, kuyeretsedwa ndi kuwongolera khalidwe ndizofunika kwambiri pakupanga. Chotsatira cha polyanionic cellulose ndichofunika kwambiri pazantchito zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pomwe makampaniwa akupitilira kukula, kufunikira kwa zotumphukira zapadera za cellulose monga polyanionic cellulose kukuyembekezeka kukula, ndikuyendetsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wosintha ma cellulose ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-26-2023