HEC ya Kubowola Mafuta

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri chifukwa cha kukhuthala, kuyimitsidwa, kubalalitsidwa ndi kusunga madzi. Makamaka m'munda wamafuta, HEC yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola, kumaliza, kugwirira ntchito ndi kuphwanya njira, makamaka ngati thickener mu brine, komanso ntchito zina zambiri.

HECmphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito minda ya mafuta

(1) Kulekerera mchere:

HEC ili ndi kulolerana kwabwino kwa mchere wa electrolyte. Monga HEC ndi zinthu zopanda ma ionic, sizidzakhala ionized m'madzi apakati ndipo sizidzatulutsa mpweya wotsalira chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mchere wambiri m'dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa viscosity yake.

HEC imakulitsa njira zambiri zopangira ma electrolyte ambiri, pomwe ma anionic fiber linkers monga CMC amatulutsa mchere kuchokera mu ayoni achitsulo. M'malo opangira mafuta, HEC simakhudzidwa konse ndi kuuma kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere ndipo imatha kulimbitsa madzi olemera omwe ali ndi zinc ndi ayoni a calcium. Aluminiyamu sulphate okha ndi omwe amatha kuyambitsa. Kuchulukitsa kwa HEC m'madzi atsopano ndi NaCl yodzaza, CaCl2 ndi ZnBr2CaBr2 heavy electrolyte.

Kulekerera kwa mchere kumeneku kumapatsa HEC mwayi wogwira nawo ntchito yofunikira pakukula bwino komanso kumtunda kwa nyanja.

(2) Viscosity ndi shear rate:

HEC yosungunuka m'madzi imasungunuka m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira, kupanga kukhuthala ndikupanga mapulasitiki abodza. Njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yogwira ntchito pamtunda ndipo imapanga thovu. Yankho la sing'anga ndi mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe HEC ntchito mafuta ambiri mafuta si Newtonian, kusonyeza mkulu digiri pseudoplastic, ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukameta ubweya mlingo. Pakumeta ubweya wochepa, mamolekyu a HEC amakonzedwa mwachisawawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwongoleredwe zing'onozing'ono zikhale ndi ma viscosity apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhuthala kwakukulu: pamtengo wapamwamba wa shear, mamolekyu amayang'ana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake, kuchepetsa kukana kuyenda, ndipo kukhuthala kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kumeta ubweya.

Kupyolera mu kuyesa kwakukulu, Union Carbide (UCC) inatsimikiza kuti khalidwe la rheological la madzi obowola ndilopanda mzere ndipo likhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi lamulo la mphamvu:

Kumeta ubweya = K (kumeta ubweya wa ubweya) n

Kumene, n ndi kukhuthala kwabwino kwa yankho pamlingo wochepa wometa ubweya (1s-1).

N imafanana mosiyana ndi kumeta ubweya wa ubweya. .

Mu uinjiniya wamatope, k ndi n ndizothandiza pakuwerengera kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi pansi pamikhalidwe yapansi. Kampaniyo yapanga ndondomeko ya k ndi n pamene HEC (4400cps) idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chigawo chamatope (tebulo 2). Gome ili likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zonse za HEC m'madzi atsopano ndi amchere (0.92kg / 1 nacL). Kuchokera patebuloli, mitengo yofanana ndi yapakati (100-200rpm) ndi yotsika (15-30rpm) yometa ubweya imatha kupezeka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito HEC m'munda wamafuta

(1) Kubowola madzimadzi

Madzi obowola owonjezera a HEC amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola miyala yolimba komanso pamikhalidwe yapadera monga kuzungulira kutayika kwa madzi, kutaya madzi ochulukirapo, kuthamanga kwachilendo, ndi mapangidwe osagwirizana a shale. Zotsatira zake zimakhalanso zabwino pakubowola ndi kubowola dzenje lalikulu.

Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwake, kuyimitsidwa ndi mafuta, HEC ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola matope kuti aziziziritsa chitsulo ndi pobowola cuttings, ndikubweretsa tizirombo pamwamba, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yonyamula miyala yamatope. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Shengli oilfield ngati pobowola ndikunyamula madzimadzi modabwitsa ndipo agwiritsidwa ntchito. M'dzenje, mukakumana ndi kumeta ubweya wambiri, chifukwa cha khalidwe lapadera la HEC, kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi obowola kungakhale pafupi ndi kukhuthala kwa madzi. Kumbali imodzi, kuchuluka kwa kubowola kumakhala bwino, ndipo pang'ono sikophweka kutentha, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa pang'onopang'ono umatalika. Kumbali ina, mabowo obowoledwa amakhala aukhondo komanso amatha kulowa mkati. Makamaka pamapangidwe a miyala yolimba, zotsatirazi ndizodziwikiratu, zimatha kusunga zinthu zambiri. .

Amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu yofunikira pakubowola madzimadzi pamlingo womwe wapatsidwa imadalira kwambiri kukhuthala kwamadzi obowola, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito HEC pobowola madzimadzi kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kugunda kwa hydrodynamic, motero kumachepetsa kufunika kwa kupopera. Chifukwa chake, kukhudzidwa kwa kutayika kwa kufalikira kumachepetsedwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, torque yoyambira imatha kuchepetsedwa pomwe kuzungulira kuyambiranso pambuyo potseka.

Njira ya HEC ya potaziyamu chloride idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi akubowola kuti chitsime chikhale chokhazikika. Mapangidwe osagwirizana amachitika mokhazikika kuti achepetse zofunikira za casing. Madzi obowola amapangitsanso mphamvu yonyamula miyala ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa ma cuttings.

HEC imatha kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira ngakhale mu njira ya electrolyte. Madzi amchere okhala ndi ayoni a sodium, ayoni a calcium, ayoni a kloride ndi ayoni a bromine nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo mumadzimadzi obowola. Madzi obowolawa amakhala okhuthala ndi HEC, omwe amatha kusunga kusungunuka kwa gel komanso kukweza kukweza kwamphamvu mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa mchere komanso kulemera kwa mikono ya anthu. Itha kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa malo opangira ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kubowola ndi kupanga mafuta.

Kugwiritsa ntchito HEC kumathanso kupititsa patsogolo kutayika kwamadzi mumatope ambiri. Kwambiri bwino bata la matope. HEC ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati chowonjezera ku saline saline bentonite slurry yosabalalika kuti muchepetse kutaya kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala popanda kuwonjezera mphamvu ya gel. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito HEC pakubowola matope kumatha kuchotsa kubalalika kwa dongo ndikuletsa kugwa bwino. Kutaya madzi m'thupi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi a matope pakhoma la borehole, ndipo kuphimba kwa unyolo wautali wa HEC pa thanthwe la khoma la borehole kumalimbitsa mwala ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthira madzi ndi spalling, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwa. M'mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri, zowonjezera zotaya madzi monga calcium carbonate, utomoni wa hydrocarbon wosankhidwa kapena njere zamchere zosungunuka m'madzi zitha kukhala zogwira mtima, koma m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, njira yothanirana ndi kutayika kwa madzi (ie, mumtsuko uliwonse wa yankho) angagwiritsidwe ntchito

HEC 1.3-3.2kg) kuteteza kutaya madzi mozama m'dera lopangira.

HEC ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati gel osakaniza osavunda pobowola matope kuti athandizidwe bwino komanso kuthamanga kwambiri (200 atmospheric pressure) ndi kuyeza kutentha.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito HEC ndikuti kubowola ndi kumaliza kutha kugwiritsa ntchito matope omwewo, kuchepetsa kudalira kwa ma dispersants ena, diluents ndi PH owongolera, kuyendetsa madzi ndi kusungirako ndikosavuta kwambiri.

(2.) Fracturing fluid:

Mu fracturing fluid, HEC ikhoza kukweza kukhuthala, ndipo HEC yokha ilibe mphamvu pa mafuta osanjikiza, sichingalepheretse fracture glume, ikhoza kusweka bwino. Ilinso ndi mawonekedwe omwewo monga madzi otsekemera opangidwa ndi madzi, monga luso la kuyimitsidwa kwa mchenga wolimba komanso kukana kukangana kochepa. Kusakaniza kwa 0.1-2% ya mowa wamadzi, kukulitsidwa ndi HEC ndi mchere wina wa iodized monga potaziyamu, sodium ndi lead, adalowetsedwa mu chitsime cha mafuta pamtunda waukulu wa fracturing, ndipo kutuluka kunabwezeretsedwa mkati mwa maola 48. Madzi amadzimadzi opangidwa ndi madzi opangidwa ndi HEC alibe pafupifupi zotsalira pambuyo pa liquefaction, makamaka m'mapangidwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zomwe sangathe kukhetsedwa ndi zotsalira. Pazinthu zamchere, zovutazo zimapangidwira ndi manganese chloride, mkuwa wa chloride, nitrate yamkuwa, mkuwa wa sulfate ndi njira za dichromate, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ponyamula madzi ophulika. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa HEC kungapewe kutayika kwa viscosity chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, kuphwanya malo a mafuta, ndikupezabe zotsatira zabwino mu Wells apamwamba kuposa 371 C. Pazifukwa zapansi, HEC sivuta kuvunda ndi kuwonongeka, ndipo zotsalirazo ndizochepa, chotero sichidzatsekereza njira ya mafuta, kudzetsa kuipitsa kwapansi panthaka. Pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa guluu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakuphwanya, monga osankhika akumunda. Phillips Petroleum anayerekezeranso mapangidwe a cellulose ethers monga carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose ndi methyl cellulose, ndipo adaganiza kuti HEC inali yankho labwino kwambiri.

Pambuyo fracturing madzimadzi ndi 0,6% m'munsi madzimadzi HEC ndende ndi mkuwa sulfate crosslinking wothandizila ntchito Daqing oilfield ku China, anaganiza kuti poyerekeza ndi zina zachilengedwe adhesions, ntchito HEC mu fracturing madzimadzi ali ndi ubwino wa "(1) the madzimadzi oyambira siwosavuta kuvunda atakonzedwa, ndipo amatha kuyikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali; (2) zotsalira ndizochepa. Ndipo yotsirizirayi ndiye fungulo la HEC kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcha mafuta kunja.

(3.) Kumaliza ndi ntchito:

Madzi a HEC otsika olimba amalepheretsa matope kuti asatseke malo osungiramo madzi pamene akuyandikira posungira. Kutaya madzi kumapangitsanso kuti madzi ochuluka asalowe m'matope kuchokera m'matope kuti atsimikizire kuti malo osungiramo madzi akugwira ntchito.

HEC imachepetsa kukoka kwamatope, komwe kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpope ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kusungunuka kwabwino kwa mchere kumatsimikiziranso kuti palibe mvula pamene acidizing mafuta Wells.

Pomaliza ndi kuchitapo kanthu, ma viscosity a HEC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa miyala. Kuonjezera 0.5-1kg HEC pa mbiya yamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito kumatha kunyamula miyala ndi miyala kuchokera pachitsime, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyalayi ikhale yabwinoko komanso yotalikirapo. Kuchotsedwa kotsatira kwa polima kumachepetsa kwambiri njira yochotsera ntchito ndi kumaliza madzimadzi. Nthawi zina, kutsika kwamadzi kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu kuti aletse matope kuti asabwererenso pachitsime pobowola ndi kugwirira ntchito komanso kutayika kwamadzimadzi. Pankhaniyi, yankho lapamwamba la HEC lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwamsanga jekeseni 1.3-3.2kg ya HEC pa mbiya yamadzi otsika. Kuonjezera apo, pazovuta kwambiri, pafupifupi 23kg ya HEC ikhoza kuikidwa mu mbiya iliyonse ya dizilo ndikuponyera pansi pamtengowo, ndikuyimitsa pang'onopang'ono pamene ikusakaniza ndi madzi a rock mu dzenje.

The permeability wa mchenga mitima zodzaza ndi 500 millidarcy njira pa ndende ya 0. 68 makilogalamu HEC pa mbiya akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso kuposa 90% ndi acidification ndi hydrochloric acid. Kuphatikiza apo, HEC yomaliza yamadzimadzi yokhala ndi calcium carbonate, yomwe idapangidwa kuchokera ku 136ppm yamadzi am'nyanja achikulire osasefedwa, idapezanso 98% ya kuchuluka kwapamadzi koyambirira pambuyo poti keke yosefera idachotsedwa pamwamba pa sefa ndi asidi.