Carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium carboxyme thyl cellulose, CMC) ndi chochokera ku carboxymethylated mu cellulose, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cellulose chingamu, ndipo ndiye chingamu chofunikira kwambiri cha ionic cellulose.
CMC nthawi zambiri imakhala ya anionic polima pawiri yokonzedwa pochita mapadi achilengedwe okhala ndi caustic alkali ndi monochloroacetic acid. Kulemera kwa mamolekyu a chigawochi kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa masauzande angapo kufika pa miliyoni imodzi.
CMC ndi ya kusinthidwa kwa cellulose yachilengedwe, ndipo Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations (FAO) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) idayitcha "ma cellulose osinthidwa". Njira yophatikizira ya sodium carboxymethyl cellulose idapangidwa ndi Germany E. Jansen mu 1918, ndipo idapatsidwa chilolezo mu 1921 ndipo idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, kenako idagulitsidwa ku Europe.
CMC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mafuta, geological , mankhwala tsiku lililonse, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, lotchedwa "industrial monosodium glutamate".
※Makhalidwe a CMC
CMC ndi ufa woyera kapena wopepuka wachikasu, granular kapena fibrous solid. Ndi mankhwala a macromolecular omwe amatha kuyamwa madzi ndikutupa. Ikafufuma m'madzi, imatha kupanga guluu wowoneka bwino. pH ya kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi ndi 6.5-8.5. Chinthucho sichisungunuka mu zosungunulira za organic monga ethanol, ether, acetone ndi chloroform.
CMC yolimba imakhala yokhazikika pakuwala komanso kutentha kwachipinda, ndipo imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo owuma. CMC ndi mtundu wa cellulose efa, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi linters lalifupi thonje (ma cellulose zili mpaka 98%) kapena zamkati nkhuni, ankachitira ndi sodium hydroxide kenako anachita ndi sodium monochloroacetate, maselo kulemera pawiri ndi 6400 (± 1000). Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri zokonzekera: njira yamadzi-malasha ndi njira yosungunulira. Palinso ulusi wina wa mbewu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera CMC.
※Features ndi ntchito
CMC sikuti ndi yabwino emulsification stabilizer ndi thickener mu ntchito chakudya, komanso ali kwambiri kuzizira ndi kusungunuka bata, ndipo akhoza kusintha kukoma kwa mankhwala ndi kutalikitsa nthawi yosungirako.
Mu 1974, Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations (FAO) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) idavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito CMC yoyera muzakudya pambuyo pofufuza mozama zasayansi komanso zachiwopsezo. Zakudya zotetezeka (ADI) zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi 25mg/kg kulemera kwa thupi/tsiku.
※Thickening ndi emulsion bata
Kudya CMC kumatha kulimbitsa ndi kukhazikika zakumwa zomwe zili ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Ichi ndi chifukwa CMC amakhala mandala khola colloid pambuyo kusungunuka m'madzi, ndi mapuloteni particles kukhala particles ndi mlandu womwewo pansi pa chitetezo cha nembanemba colloidal, amene akhoza kupanga particles mapuloteni mu boma khola. Lili ndi emulsifying zotsatira, kotero zimatha kuchepetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa mafuta ndi madzi panthawi imodzimodzi, kotero kuti mafuta amatha kupangidwa bwino.
CMC ikhoza kusintha kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawo, chifukwa pamene pH mtengo wa chinthucho umachoka kumalo opangira mapuloteni a isoelectric, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ikhoza kupanga mapangidwe apangidwe ndi mapuloteni, omwe angapangitse kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa.
※Wonjezerani zambiri
Kugwiritsa ntchito CMC mu ayisikilimu kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ayisikilimu, kuwongolera liwiro losungunuka, kupereka mawonekedwe abwino ndi kukoma, ndikuwongolera kukula ndi kukula kwa makristasi oundana panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kusunga. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 0.5% ya kuchuluka kwa Proportioned kuwonjezera.
Izi ndichifukwa choti CMC ili ndi kusungirako bwino kwa madzi ndi dispersibility, ndipo imaphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono zama protein, ma globules amafuta, ndi mamolekyu amadzi mu colloid kuti apange dongosolo lofanana komanso lokhazikika.
※Hydrophilicity ndi Rehydration
Izi zimagwira ntchito za CMC nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mkate, zomwe zimatha kupanga zisa za uchi, kuonjezera voliyumu, kuchepetsa dregs, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira za kuteteza kutentha ndi kutsitsimuka; Zakudyazi zomwe zawonjezeredwa ndi CMC zimakhala ndi madzi abwino, osaphika, komanso kukoma kwabwino.
Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mapangidwe a maselo a CMC, omwe ndi opangidwa ndi cellulose ndipo ali ndi magulu ambiri a hydrophilic mu unyolo wa maselo: -OH gulu, -COONa gulu, kotero CMC ili ndi hydrophilicity yabwino kuposa mapadi ndi madzi okhala ndi mphamvu.
※ Gelation
Thixotropic CMC imatanthawuza kuti maunyolo a macromolecular ali ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyanjana ndipo amakonda kupanga mawonekedwe atatu. Pambuyo pa mapangidwe atatu-dimensional, kukhuthala kwa yankho kumawonjezeka, ndipo pambuyo pa kusweka kwa mawonekedwe atatu, kukhuthala kumachepa. Chodabwitsa cha thixotropy ndikuti kusintha kwa viscosity kowoneka kumadalira nthawi.
Thixotropic CMC imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu gelling system ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga odzola, kupanikizana ndi zakudya zina.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati clarifier, thovu stabilizer, kuwonjezera pakamwa
CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga vinyo kuti kukoma kwake kukhale kofewa komanso kolemera ndi kukoma kwanthawi yayitali; itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithovu chokhazikika pakupanga moŵa kuti chithovucho chikhale cholemera komanso chokhalitsa ndikuwongolera kukoma.
CMC ndi mtundu wa polyelectrolyte, womwe ukhoza kukhala nawo pazochitika zosiyanasiyana mu vinyo kuti ukhalebe ndi thupi la vinyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imaphatikizanso ndi makhiristo omwe apanga, kusintha mawonekedwe a makristasi, kusintha mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo kwa makristasi mu vinyo, ndikuyambitsa mvula. Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-03-2022