CMC ntchito mu chakudya
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium CMC) ndi chochokera ku carboxymethylated mu cellulose, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cellulose chingamu, ndipo ndiye chingamu chofunikira kwambiri cha ionic cellulose.
CMC nthawi zambiri imakhala ya anionic polima pawiri yomwe imapezeka pochita ma cellulose achilengedwe ndi caustic alkali ndi monochloroacetic acid. Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a zinthuzo kumayambira masauzande angapo mpaka miliyoni imodzi. mfundo imodzi ya molekyulu
CMC ndi ya kusinthidwa kwa cellulose yachilengedwe. Pakalipano, bungwe la Food and Agriculture la United Nations (FAO) ndi World Health Organization (WHO) adaitcha kuti "modified cellulose". Njira yophatikizira ya sodium carboxymethyl cellulose idapangidwa ndi Germany E.Jansen mu 1918, ndipo idavomerezedwa mu 1921 ndikudziwitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira pamenepo idagulitsidwa ku Europe.
CMC idangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda pake, monga colloid ndi binder. Kuchokera mu 1936 mpaka 1941, kafukufuku wa mafakitale a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose anali achangu, ndipo ma patent angapo owunikira adasindikizidwa. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Germany idagwiritsa ntchito CMC mu zotsukira zopangira ngati anti-redeposition agent, Ndipo m'malo mwa chingamu chachilengedwe (monga gelatin, chingamu arabic), makampani a CMC apangidwa kwambiri.
CMC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mafuta, geological , mankhwala tsiku lililonse, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, otchedwa "industrial monosodium glutamate".
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Makhalidwe a CMC
CMC ndi ufa woyera kapena wachikasu pang'ono, granular kapena fibrous solid. Ndi mankhwala a macromolecular omwe amatha kuyamwa madzi ndikutupa. Ikatupa m'madzi, imatha kupanga guluu wowoneka bwino. pH ya kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi ndi 6.5-8.5. Chinthucho sichisungunuka mu zosungunulira za organic monga ethanol, ether, acetone ndi chloroform.
CMC yolimba imakhazikika pakuwala komanso kutentha kwachipinda, ndipo imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo owuma. CMC ndi mtundu wa cellulose ether. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku linter lalifupi la thonje (ma cellulose mpaka 98%) kapena zamkati zamatabwa, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi sodium hydroxide kenako ndikuchita ndi sodium monochloroacetate. Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a pawiri ndi 6400 (± 1000). Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri zokonzekera: njira ya malasha-madzi ndi njira yosungunulira. Palinso ulusi wina wa zomera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga CMC.
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Features ndi Mapulogalamu
CMC sikuti ndi yabwino emulsion stabilizer ndi thickener mu ntchito chakudya, komanso ali kwambiri kuzizira ndi kusungunuka bata, ndipo akhoza kusintha kukoma kwa mankhwala ndi kutalikitsa nthawi yosungirako.
Mu 1974, Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations (FAO) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) idavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito CMC yoyera pazakudya pambuyo pa maphunziro okhwima achilengedwe komanso oopsa. Mlingo wapadziko lonse wotetezedwa (ADI) ndi 25mg/kg kulemera kwa thupi/tsiku.
2.1 Kukula ndi kukhazikika kwa emulsification
Kudya CMC kumatha kutenga nawo gawo mu emulsification ndi kukhazikika kwa zakumwa zomwe zili ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Ichi ndi chifukwa CMC amakhala mandala khola colloid pambuyo kusungunuka m'madzi, ndi mapuloteni particles kukhala particles ndi mlandu womwewo pansi pa chitetezo cha colloid filimu, amene akhoza kupanga particles mapuloteni mu boma khola. Imakhalanso ndi emulsification effect, kotero panthawi imodzimodziyo, imatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwapakati pakati pa mafuta ndi madzi, kotero kuti mafuta amatha kupangidwa bwino.
CMC ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa chifukwa pamene pH mtengo wa mankhwalawa umachoka ku isoelectric point ya mapuloteni, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ikhoza kupanga mapangidwe ovuta ndi mapuloteni, omwe angapangitse kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa.
2.2 Onjezani kuchuluka
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa CMC mu ayisikilimu kumatha kukulitsa kukula kwa ayisikilimu, kuwongolera liwiro losungunuka, kupereka mawonekedwe abwino ndi kukoma, ndikuwongolera kukula ndi kukula kwa ayezi panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kusunga. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 0.5% ya ndalama zonse. Chiŵerengerocho chikuwonjezeredwa.
Izi ndichifukwa choti CMC ili ndi kusungirako bwino kwa madzi ndi dispersibility, ndipo imaphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono zama protein, ma globules amafuta ndi mamolekyu amadzi mu colloid kuti apange dongosolo lofanana komanso lokhazikika.
2.3 Hydrophilicity ndi kubwezeretsa madzi m'thupi
Katunduyu wa CMC amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mkate, womwe umatha kupanga zisa za uchi, kuonjezera voliyumu, kuchepetsa slag, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zotentha ndi zatsopano; Zakudyazi zowonjezeredwa ndi CMC zimakhala ndi madzi osungira bwino, kukana kuphika komanso kukoma kwabwino.
Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mapangidwe a maselo a CMC, omwe ndi opangidwa ndi cellulose omwe ali ndi magulu ambiri a hydrophilic mu unyolo wa maselo: -OH gulu, -COONa gulu, kotero CMC ili ndi hydrophilicity yabwino kuposa mapadi ndi madzi okhala ndi mphamvu.
2.4 Gelation
Thixotropic CMC imatanthawuza kuti maunyolo a macromolecular ali ndi chiwerengero china cha kuyanjana ndipo amakonda kupanga mawonekedwe atatu. Pambuyo pa mapangidwe atatu-dimensional, kukhuthala kwa yankho kumawonjezeka, ndipo pambuyo pa kusweka kwa mawonekedwe atatu, kukhuthala kumachepa. Chodabwitsa cha thixotropic ndi chakuti kusintha kwa viscosity kumadalira nthawi.
Thixotropic CMC imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu gelling system ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga odzola, kupanikizana ndi zakudya zina.
2.5 Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowunikira, chowongolera thovu, kuwonjezera kukoma
CMC ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo kuti kukoma kwake kukhale kofewa komanso kolemera, komanso kukoma kwanthawi yayitali; popanga mowa, ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithovu chokhazikika chamowa, kupangitsa thovu kukhala lolemera komanso lokhalitsa ndikuwongolera kukoma.
CMC ndi polyelectrolyte, yomwe imatha kutenga nawo mbali pazochita zosiyanasiyana mu vinyo kuti ikhalebe ndi thupi la vinyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imaphatikizanso ndi makristasi omwe apanga, kusintha mawonekedwe a makristasi, kusintha mikhalidwe ya makristasi mu vinyo, ndikuyambitsa mvula. Kuphatikiza zinthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-07-2022