1. Mapangidwe a mamolekyu
Mapangidwe a maselo a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) amakhudza kwambiri kusungunuka kwake m'madzi. CMC ndi yochokera ku cellulose, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndikuti magulu a hydroxyl pa unyolo wa cellulose amasinthidwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu ndi magulu a carboxymethyl. Digiri ya substitution (DS) ndi gawo lofunikira, lomwe limawonetsa kuchuluka kwamagulu a hydroxyl osinthidwa ndi magulu a carboxymethyl pagawo lililonse la shuga. The apamwamba digiri ya m'malo, mphamvu ya hydrophilicity wa CMC, ndipo kwambiri solubility. Komabe, kulowetsedwa kwakukulu kwambiri kungayambitsenso kuyanjana pakati pa mamolekyu, zomwe zimachepetsanso kusungunuka. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa kumayenderana ndi kusungunuka kwamtundu wina.
2. Kulemera kwa mamolekyu
Kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kumakhudza kusungunuka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa maselo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kusungunuka kwakukulu. High maselo kulemera CMC ali yaitali ndi zovuta maselo unyolo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka entanglement ndi mogwirizana mu yankho, kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwake. Kulemera kwa ma molekyulu a CMC kumatha kupanga kuyanjana kwabwino ndi mamolekyu amadzi, potero kumapangitsa kusungunuka.
3. Kutentha
Kutentha ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza kusungunuka kwa CMC. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa CMC. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kutentha kwakukulu kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kinetic ya mamolekyu amadzi, potero amawononga ma hydrogen bond ndi mphamvu za van der Waals pakati pa mamolekyu a CMC, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi. Komabe, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse CMC kuwola kapena kufooketsa, zomwe sizingathandize kutha.
4. pH mtengo
Kusungunuka kwa CMC kumakhalanso kudalira kwambiri pH ya yankho. M'malo osalowerera kapena amchere, magulu a carboxyl mu mamolekyu a CMC amalowa mu COO⁻ ions, kupangitsa kuti mamolekyu a CMC akhale olakwika, motero amapititsa patsogolo kulumikizana ndi mamolekyu amadzi ndikuwongolera kusungunuka. Komabe, pansi pamikhalidwe ya acidic kwambiri, ionization yamagulu a carboxyl imaletsedwa ndipo kusungunuka kumatha kuchepa. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta za pH zimatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa CMC, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwake.
5. Mphamvu ya Ionic
Mphamvu ya ionic m'madzi imakhudza kusungunuka kwa CMC. Mayankho okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya ayoni amatha kupititsa patsogolo kusasinthika kwamagetsi pakati pa mamolekyu a CMC, kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwake. The salting out effect ndi mmene zimakhalira, kumene ndende mkulu ion kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa CMC m'madzi. Mphamvu yotsika ya ionic nthawi zambiri imathandizira CMC kupasuka.
6. Kuuma kwa madzi
Kuuma kwa madzi, makamaka kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ayoni a calcium ndi magnesium, kumakhudzanso kusungunuka kwa CMC. Ma cations ambiri m'madzi olimba (monga Ca²⁺ ndi Mg²⁺) amatha kupanga milatho ya ionic ndi magulu a carboxyl m'mamolekyu a CMC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma molekyulu aziphatikizana komanso kuchepetsa kusungunuka. Mosiyana ndi izi, madzi ofewa amathandizira kutha kwathunthu kwa CMC.
7. Kusokonezeka
Kusokonezeka kumathandiza CMC kusungunuka m'madzi. Kusokonezeka kumawonjezera malo olumikizana pakati pa madzi ndi CMC, kulimbikitsa njira yosungunuka. Kusokonezeka kokwanira kumatha kuletsa CMC kuti isagwirizane ndikuthandizira kumwazikana m'madzi, potero kumawonjezera kusungunuka.
8. Kusungirako ndi kusamalira zinthu
Kusungirako ndi kusamalira kwa CMC kumakhudzanso mphamvu zake zosungunuka. Zinthu monga chinyezi, kutentha, ndi nthawi yosungirako zimatha kukhudza momwe thupi limakhalira komanso mankhwala a CMC, potero zimakhudza kusungunuka kwake. Kuti asunge kusungunuka kwabwino kwa CMC, kuyenera kupewedwa kuchokera pakutentha kwanthawi yayitali komanso chinyezi chambiri, ndipo zoyikapo ziyenera kusindikizidwa bwino.
9. Zotsatira za zowonjezera
Kuwonjezera zinthu zina, monga zida Kusungunuka kapena solubilizers, pa ndondomeko kuvunda wa CMC akhoza kusintha ake solubility katundu. Mwachitsanzo, ena surfactants kapena zosungunulira madzi sungunuka organic akhoza kuonjezera solubility wa CMC ndi kusintha mavuto padziko yankho kapena polarity wa sing'anga. Kuphatikiza apo, ma ion kapena makemikolo ena amatha kulumikizana ndi mamolekyu a CMC kuti apange ma soluble complexes, potero amathandizira kusungunuka.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) m'madzi kumaphatikizapo kapangidwe kake ka maselo, kulemera kwa maselo, kutentha, pH mtengo, mphamvu ya ionic, kuuma kwa madzi, mikhalidwe yochititsa chidwi, kusungirako ndi kusamalira, komanso mphamvu ya zowonjezera. Zinthu izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kuti muthe kusungunuka kwa CMC ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamalira CMC ndipo kumathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito ake m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-10-2024