Cellulose ether ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha polima chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, mankhwala, chakudya ndi zina. Katundu wake wosunga madzi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pazantchito zake zambiri. Ntchito yosungira madzi imakhudza mwachindunji kumamatira, ductility ndi ntchito yomanga ya zinthuzo. Digiri ya etherification ndi kutentha kwa cellulose ether ndi magawo awiri ofunikira omwe amakhudza kusunga kwake madzi.
Mphamvu ya etherification digiri ya cellulose ether pakusunga madzi
Ma cellulose ethers amapangidwa potembenuza gawo la hydroxyl la cellulose kukhala magulu a ether. Digiri ya etherification imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa magulu a ether omwe amalowetsedwa pamtundu uliwonse wa glucose, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa cellulose ethers. Mlingo wa etherification umakhudza kwambiri kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa ma cellulose ethers. Nthawi zambiri, pamene mlingo wa etherification ukuwonjezeka, hydrophilicity ya cellulose ether imawonjezeka, ndipo ntchito yake yosungira madzi imawonjezekanso.
The apamwamba mlingo wa etherification, m'pamenenso magulu hydrophilic (monga methoxy, ethoxy, etc.) anayambitsa mapalulo etha maselo unyolo. Maguluwa amatha kuyanjana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kudzera muzitsulo za haidrojeni, kulimbikitsa cellulose Mphamvu ya adsorption ya ether ku mamolekyu amadzi. Chifukwa chake, ma cellulose ether okhala ndi madigiri apamwamba a etherification amatha kuyamwa ndikusunga madzi ambiri m'malo achinyezi, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri posungira madzi.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa etherification kumakhala bwinoko. Pamene mlingo wa etherification ufika pamlingo wina, kusungirako madzi kwa cellulose ether sikungapitirize kuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa etherification, ndipo mwina kuchepa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pamene etherification ndi yokwera kwambiri, mapangidwe a cellulose ether molecular chain amatha kusintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya intermolecular ifooke, ndipo pamapeto pake imakhudza kuyamwa kwake kwa madzi ndi kusunga madzi. Chifukwa chake, pamagwiritsidwe ntchito, ma cellulose ether okhala ndi madigiri oyenerera a etherification amafunika kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.
Mmene kutentha kumasungidwira madzi a cellulose ethers
Kutentha ndi chinthu china chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri kusunga madzi a cellulose ethers. Pansi pa kutentha kosiyana, mphamvu zosungira madzi za cellulose ethers zimakhala zosiyana. Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kudzachititsa kuchepa kwa madzi osungiramo ma cellulose ethers. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa kukwera kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamavute, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zovuta kusunga chinyezi.
Pa kutentha kochepa, kuyanjana pakati pa ma cellulose ether molecules ndi mamolekyu amadzi ndi amphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe bwino. Kutentha kumawonjezeka, mamolekyu amadzi amasanduka nthunzi mofulumira, ndipo mphamvu yosunga madzi ya cellulose ether imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kowonjezereka kungakhudze kusungunuka kwa ma cellulose ethers. Pazifukwa zina zotentha kwambiri, ether ya cellulose imatha kutaya kusungunuka ndikulephera kupanga njira yofananira kapena colloid, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe ake osungira madzi.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cellulose ethers imakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana pakusintha kwa kutentha. Ma cellulose ether ena amatha kusungabe madzi abwino pakatentha kwambiri, pomwe ena amatsika kwambiri pakusunga madzi kutentha kukakwera pang'ono. Choncho, posankha cellulose ether, m'pofunika kupanga chisankho choyenera malinga ndi kutentha kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Kuyanjana pakati pa digiri ya etherification ndi kutentha
Zotsatira za digiri ya etherification ndi kutentha pa kusunga madzi kwa cellulose ether nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwirizana. Muzochita zenizeni, zinthu ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuganiziridwa mozama. Mwachitsanzo, pamene cellulose ether yokhala ndi mlingo waukulu wa etherification imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo otentha kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mlingo waukulu wa etherification ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kusungirako kwa madzi a cellulose ether, kusungunuka kwa madzi kumalo otentha kwambiri kudzakhalanso. imathandizira molingana, motero kufooketsa mphamvu yake yeniyeni yosungira madzi. Choncho, m'madera otentha kwambiri, zingakhale zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma cellulose ethers omwe ali ndi zida zosinthidwa mwapadera kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwawo komanso kusunga madzi.
M'malo mwake, m'malo otsika kutentha, zotsatira za digiri ya etherification pa kusungirako madzi kwa cellulose ether zitha kuwonekera kwambiri. Pansi pa kutentha kochepa, madzi amasanduka nthunzi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo cellulose ether yokhala ndi mlingo waukulu wa etherification imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zoyamwa madzi, potero kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisamasungidwe bwino.
Digiri ya etherification ndi kutentha kwa cellulose ether ndi zinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe ake osungira madzi. Kukwera kwa etherification, kumapangitsa kuti hydrophilicity ya cellulose ether ikhale yamphamvu komanso kusunga bwino madzi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa etherification kungayambitse kusintha kwa mamolekyu, potero kumakhudza kusungidwa kwa madzi. Kukwera kwa kutentha nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa madzi osungira ma cellulose ethers. Makamaka m'malo otentha kwambiri, kutuluka kwa madzi kumathamanga, zomwe zimakhudza momwe madzi amasungira. Muzochita zenizeni, ndikofunikira kusankha ether ya cellulose yokhala ndi digirii yoyenera ya etherification kutengera kutentha kwapadera ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito kuti mukwaniritse bwino kusunga madzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-18-2024