Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kupanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa si-ionic cellulose ether kwafika matani oposa 500,000, ndipo hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ndi 80% mpaka matani oposa 400,000, China m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi makampani angapo akulitsa kupanga mwachangu. kukulitsa mphamvu yafika pafupifupi 180 000 matani, pafupifupi 60 000 matani ntchito zapakhomo, Mwa ichi, matani oposa 550 miliyoni ntchito m'makampani ndipo pafupifupi 70 peresenti ntchito monga zomanga nyumba.
Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosiyanasiyana kwa zinthuzo, zofunikira za phulusa lazinthu zimathanso kukhala zosiyana, kotero kuti kupanga kungakonzedwe molingana ndi zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pakupanga, zomwe zimathandizira kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kudya ndi kuchepetsa umuna.
1 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phulusa ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe alipo
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) imatchedwa phulusa ndi miyezo yapamwamba yamakampani ndi sulphate kapena zotsalira zotentha ndi pharmacopoeia, zomwe zitha kumveka bwino ngati zonyansa zamchere zomwe zimapangidwira. Waukulu kupanga ndondomeko ndi amphamvu alkali (sodium hydroxide) kudzera zimene kusintha komaliza pH kuti ndale mchere ndi zopangira poyambirira chibadidwe mu kuchuluka kwa mchere mchere.
Njira yodziwira phulusa lathunthu; Pambuyo kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo ndi carbonized ndi kuwotchedwa mu ng'anjo mkulu kutentha, organic zinthu ndi oxidized ndi decomposed, kuthawa mu mawonekedwe a carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni oxides ndi madzi, pamene inorganic zinthu kukhala mu mawonekedwe a sulfate, mankwala, carbonate, kloridi ndi mchere wina inorganic ndi zitsulo oxides. Zotsalira izi ndi phulusa. Kuchuluka kwa phulusa lathunthu mu chitsanzocho chikhoza kuwerengedwa poyesa zotsalira.
Malinga ndi ndondomeko ntchito zidulo zosiyanasiyana ndipo adzabala mchere zosiyanasiyana: makamaka sodium kolorayidi (opangidwa ndi zimene chloride ayoni mu chloromethane ndi sodium hydroxide) kuphatikiza zidulo zina neutralization akhoza kutulutsa sodium acetate, sodium sulfide kapena sodium oxalate.
2. Phulusa zofunika za mafakitale kalasi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zimagwiritsa ntchito monga thickening, emulsification, filimu kupanga, zoteteza colloid, posungira madzi, adhesion, odana ndi enzyme ndi kagayidwe kachakudya inert ndi ntchito zina, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri a makampani, amene akhoza pafupifupi ogaŵikana zotsatirazi: mbali:
(1) Ntchito yomanga: ntchito yayikulu ndikusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kukhuthala, kudzoza, kutulutsa chithandizo chothandizira kukonza simenti ndi gypsum machinability, kupopera. Zopaka zomangamanga, zokutira za latex zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati colloid yoteteza, kupanga filimu, thickening agent ndi pigment kuyimitsidwa thandizo.
(2) Polyvinyl kolorayidi: makamaka ntchito ngati dispersant mu polymerization anachita ya kuyimitsidwa polymerization dongosolo.
(3) mankhwala tsiku: makamaka ntchito ngati zoteteza katundu, akhoza kusintha mankhwala emulsification, odana enzyme, kubalalitsidwa, adhesion, pamwamba ntchito, filimu mapangidwe, moisturizing, thovu, kupanga, kumasulidwa wothandizila, softener, lubricant ndi katundu wina;
(4) Mankhwala makampani: mu makampani mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera kupanga, ntchito monga kukonzekera olimba ❖ kuyanika wothandizila, dzenje kapisozi zakuthupi, binder, ntchito pang'onopang'ono kumasulidwa mafupa mafupa, filimu kupanga, pore-kupanga wothandizila ntchito ngati madzi, theka-olimba kukonzekera thickening, emulsification, kuyimitsidwa, masanjidwewo ntchito;
(5) Ceramics: ntchito ngati binder kupanga wothandizila ceramic makampani billet, dispersing wothandizira kwa glaze mtundu;
(6) kupanga mapepala: kubalalitsidwa, kupaka utoto, kulimbikitsa wothandizira;
(7) Kusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto: nsalu zamkati, mtundu, mtundu extender:
(8) ulimi kupanga: mu ulimi, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuchiza mbewu mbewu, kusintha kumera mlingo, kuteteza chinyezi ndi kupewa mildew, kusunga zipatso mwatsopano, wosakwiya kumasulidwa wothandizila mankhwala feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, etc.
Malinga ndi ndemanga za zomwe zili pamwambazi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chidule cha malamulo oyendetsera mkati mwa mabizinesi ena akunja ndi apakhomo, zinthu zina za polyvinyl kolorayidi polymerization ndi mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku zimafunikira kuwongolera mchere wosakwana 0.010, ndi pharmacopoeia. mayiko osiyanasiyana amafuna kulamulira mchere wosakwana 0.015. Ndipo ntchito zina zowongolera mchere zitha kukhala zokulirapo, makamaka zomanga zomanga kuwonjezera pakupanga putty, mchere wa penti uli ndi zofunika zina, zina zonse zimatha kuwongolera mchere <0.05 zimatha kukwaniritsa ntchitoyo.
3 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ndondomeko ndi njira yochotsera mchere
Njira zazikulu zopangira hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose kunyumba ndi kunja ndi motere:
(1) Njira yamadzimadzi gawo (njira ya slurry): ufa wabwino wa cellulose wophwanyidwa umamwazika pafupifupi nthawi 10 zosungunulira zosungunulira mu ofukula kapena yopingasa riyakitala ndi mukubwadamuka, ndiyeno kuchuluka kwa lye ndi wothandizila wowonjezera amawonjezedwa kuti achite. Pambuyo pazimenezi, mankhwalawa adatsukidwa, zouma, zophwanyidwa ndi zosefedwa ndi madzi otentha.
(2) Njira ya gasi-gawo (njira yolimba ya gasi): Zomwe ufa wa cellulose womwe watsala pang'ono kuphwanyidwa umatha mu gawo louma powonjezera kuchuluka kwa lye ndi etherifying agent ndi pang'ono pang'ono kuwira kwapang'onopang'ono mu chopingasa riyakitala ndi amphamvu mukubwadamuka. Palibe zowonjezera organic zosungunulira zofunika kuchita. Pambuyo pazimenezi, mankhwalawa adatsukidwa, zouma, zophwanyidwa ndi zosefedwa ndi madzi otentha.
(3) Homogeneous njira (njira kuvunda) : The yopingasa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji pambuyo kuphwanya mapadi ndi amphamvu oyambitsa riyakitala anamwazikana naoh/urea (kapena zosungunulira zina za mapadi) za 5 ~ 8 nthawi madzi kuzizira zosungunulira mu zosungunulira, ndiye kuwonjezera kachulukidwe lye ndi etherifying wothandizila pa anachita, pambuyo anachita ndi acetone mpweya anachita zabwino mapadi efa, Kenako osambitsidwa m'madzi otentha, zouma, wosweka ndi sieved kupeza yomalizidwa mankhwala. (Sizinayambe kupanga mafakitale).
Zomwe zimathera ngakhale zigwiritse ntchito mitundu yanji ya njira zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri, malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingatulutsire ndi: sodium kolorayidi ndi sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, ndi zina zotero, mchere wosakaniza umafunika kudzera mu desalination. kugwiritsa ntchito mchere m'madzi osungunuka, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsuka ndi madzi otentha ambiri, tsopano zida zazikulu ndi njira yotsuka ndi:
(1) lamba vacuum fyuluta; Imachita izi pothira zinthu zomalizidwa ndi madzi otentha ndiyeno kutsuka mcherewo poyala matopewo mofanana pa lamba wa sefa popoperapo madzi otentha ndi kuupukuta pansi.
(2) Horizontal centrifuge: ndi mapeto a zimene zakuthupi zosakhwima mu slurry ndi madzi otentha kuchepetsa mchere kusungunuka mu madzi otentha ndiyeno kupyolera centrifugation kulekana adzakhala madzi-olimba kulekana kuchotsa mchere.
(3) ndi fyuluta yamagetsi, pamapeto pake zomwe zinthu zopanda pake zimachita mu slurry ndi madzi otentha, zimalowa muzosefera, choyamba ndi madzi owumbidwa ndi nthunzi ndiyeno ndi madzi otentha kutsitsi nthawi za N ndi madzi owumbidwa ndi nthunzi. patulani ndikuchotsa mchere.
Kutsuka madzi otentha kuchotsa kusungunuka mchere, chifukwa ayenera kujowina madzi otentha, kutsuka, m'pamenenso m'pamenenso m'pamenenso m'munsi phulusa zili, ndi mosemphanitsa, kotero phulusa lake mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otentha, ambiri mafakitale. mankhwala ngati kulamulira phulusa pansi 1% AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO madzi otentha matani 10, ngati ulamuliro pansi 5% adzafunika za 6 matani madzi otentha.
Selulosi etere zinyalala madzi ndi mankhwala amafuna mpweya (COD) oposa 60 000 mg/L ndi zili mchere woposa 30 000 mg/L, choncho ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuchitira zinyalala amenewa madzi, chifukwa n'zovuta mwachindunji biochemical mchere mkulu wotero, ndipo saloledwa kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi panopa dziko zofunika chitetezo chilengedwe. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kuchotsa mchere pogwiritsa ntchito distillation. Chifukwa chake, tani imodzi yowonjezereka yotsuka m'madzi otentha imatulutsa chimbudzi chochulukirapo. Malinga ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa wa MUR wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wokwanira wa tani iliyonse yakuchapira madzi okhazikika ndi pafupifupi 80 yuan, ndipo mtengo wake waukulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse.
Zotsatira za phulusa la 4 pa kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kwa mafakitale a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
HPMC makamaka imagwira ntchito zitatu pakusunga madzi, kukhuthala komanso kukonza zomanga pazomangira.
Kusungirako madzi: kuonjezera nthawi yotsegulira madzi osungira madzi, kuthandizira kuti hydration igwire ntchito mokwanira.
Thickening: Ma cellulose akhoza unakhuthala kusewera kuyimitsidwa, kuti njira kukhalabe yunifolomu mmwamba ndi pansi udindo womwewo, kukana otaya ikulendewera.
Kumanga: Mafuta a cellulose, amatha kukhala ndi zomangamanga zabwino. HPMC satenga nawo gawo pa momwe mankhwala amachitira, amangokhala ndi gawo lothandizira. Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri ndi madzi posungira, ndi madzi posungira matope amakhudza homogenization wa matope, ndiyeno zimakhudza makina katundu ndi durability wa oumitsa matope. Dongo la matope ndi matope a pulasitala ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za matope, ndipo gawo lofunika kwambiri la matope ndi matope a pulasitala ndi zomangamanga. Monga chipika mu ntchito mu ndondomeko ya mankhwala ndi mu boma youma, pofuna kuchepetsa youma chipika cha amphamvu madzi mayamwidwe matope, zomangamanga utenga chipika pamaso prewetting, kuletsa ena chinyezi okhutira, kusunga chinyezi mu matope. kutsekereza zakuthupi monyanyira mayamwidwe, akhoza kukhala yachibadwa hydration mkati gelling zakuthupi monga simenti matope. Komabe, zinthu monga kusiyana kwa mtundu wa block ndi digiri ya pre-wetting ya tsamba zidzakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzi otayika komanso kutaya madzi mumatope, zomwe zimabweretsa zoopsa zobisika pamtundu wonse wa zomangamanga. Mtondo wokhala ndi madzi osungira bwino kwambiri ukhoza kuthetsa chikoka cha zida zotchinga ndi zinthu zaumunthu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti matopewo ndi ofanana.
Zotsatira za kusungidwa kwa madzi pakuumitsa matope zimawonekera makamaka pakukhudzidwa kwa malo olumikizirana pakati pa matope ndi chipika. Ndi kutayika kwamadzi mwachangu kwa matope ndi kusungirako bwino kwa madzi, madzi omwe ali mumatope pa gawo lachiwongolero mwachiwonekere ndi osakwanira, ndipo simenti singakhale ndi madzi okwanira, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa mphamvu. Kulimba kwamphamvu kwazinthu zopangira simenti kumapangidwa makamaka ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu za simenti za hydration. Kusakwanira simenti hydration m'dera mawonekedwe amachepetsa mawonekedwe chomangira mphamvu, ndi dzenje bulging ndi akulimbana matope kuwonjezeka.
Choncho, kusankha tcheru kwambiri madzi posungira chofunika nyumba K mtundu magulu atatu a kukhuthala kosiyana, kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana zotsuka kuwoneka ofanana mtanda nambala awiri amayembekezeka phulusa, ndiyeno malinga ndi panopa wamba madzi posungira mayeso njira (zosefera pepala njira. ) pa batch yomweyi nambala yosiyana ya phulusa la kusunga madzi kwa magulu atatu a zitsanzo zenizeni motere:
4.1 Njira yoyesera yodziwira kuchuluka kwa kusungidwa kwa madzi (njira ya pepala losefera)
4.1.1 Kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida
Chosakaniza cha simenti, silinda yoyezera, silinda, woyimitsa, chotengera chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, supuni, mphete yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (m'mimba mwake φ100 mm× kunja kwake φ110 mm× mkulu 25 mm, pepala losefa mwachangu, pepala losefera pang'onopang'ono, mbale yagalasi.
4.1.2 Zipangizo ndi ma reagents
Simenti Wamba wa Portland (425#), MCHENGWE WOSANGALALA (MCHENGA WOPANDA MATOPE OTSWA NDI MADZI), CHITSANZO CHA PRODUCT (HPMC), MADZI OPANDA KUYESA (MADZI APOPAPI, MADZI A MINERAL).
4.1.3 Mikhalidwe yowunikira kuyesa
Laborator kutentha: 23 ± 2 ℃; Chinyezi chachibale: ≥ 50%; Kutentha kwa madzi a labotale ndi kofanana ndi kutentha kwa chipinda 23 ℃.
4.1.4 Njira zoyesera
Ikani galasi mbale pa nsanja opaleshoni, ikani kulemera aakulu fyuluta pepala (kulemera: M1) pa izo, ndiye kuyika chidutswa cha pepala mofulumira fyuluta pepala pang'onopang'ono fyuluta, ndiyeno kuika chitsulo mphete nkhungu pa kudya fyuluta pepala ( nkhungu ya mphete sayenera kupitirira pepala lozungulira lozungulira mofulumira).
Kulemera molondola (425 #) simenti 90 g; Mchenga wokhazikika 210 g; Mankhwala (chitsanzo) 0.125g; Thirani mu chidebe chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikusakaniza bwino (kusakaniza kowuma).
Gwiritsani ntchito chosakaniza simenti (mphika wosakaniza ndi masamba ndi oyera ndi owuma, aukhondo bwino komanso owuma pambuyo poyesera, ikani pambali). Gwiritsani ntchito silinda yoyezera kuti muyeze 72 ml ya madzi oyera (23 ℃), choyamba kutsanulira mu mphika woyambitsa, ndiyeno tsanulirani zomwe zakonzedwa, lowetsani kwa 30 s; Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kwezani mphika pamalo osakaniza, yambani chosakaniza, ndikuyambitsani mofulumira (ie, pang'onopang'ono kuyambitsa) kwa 60 s; Imani kwa 15 s ndi kukwapula slurry pakhoma ndi tsamba mu mphika; Pitirizani kumenya mwachangu kwa 120 s kuti muyime. Thirani (katundu) matope onse osakanizidwa mu nkhungu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mwachangu, ndi nthawi kuyambira pomwe matope akhudza pepala losefera mwachangu (kanikizani wotchi). Pambuyo pa 2 min, nkhungu ya mphete inatembenuzidwa ndipo pepala losatha linatulutsidwa ndikuyesedwa (kulemera: M2). Yesetsani popanda kanthu molingana ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa (kulemera kwa pepala losefera osatha musanayambe komanso mutayeza ndi M3, M4)
Njira yowerengera ili motere:
(1)
Kumene, M1 - kulemera kwa pepala lalikulu fyuluta pamaso kuyesera chitsanzo; M2 - kulemera kwa pepala fyuluta aakulu pambuyo kuyesera chitsanzo; M3 - kulemera kwa pepala fyuluta aakulu pamaso akusowekapo kuyesera; M4 - kulemera kwa pepala fyuluta aakulu pambuyo kuyesera opanda kanthu.
4.1.5 Kusamala
(1) kutentha kwa madzi oyera kuyenera kukhala 23 ℃, ndipo kuyeza kuyenera kukhala kolondola;
(2) mutatha kusonkhezera, chotsani mphika wosonkhezera ndi kusonkhezera mofanana ndi supuni;
(3) nkhungu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwamsanga, ndipo matope adzakhala ophwanyika komanso olimba pamene akuyika;
(4) Onetsetsani nthawi yomwe matope akhudza pepala lofulumira, ndipo musathire matope pa pepala lakunja.
4.2 chitsanzo
Manambala atatu a batch okhala ndi ma viscosity osiyanasiyana a mtundu womwewo wa K adasankhidwa monga: 201302028 viscosity 75 000 mPa · s, 20130233 mamasukidwe akayendedwe 150 000 mPa · s, 20130236 mamasukidwe akayendedwe 200 000 osiyana batch manambala kupeza osiyana batch nambala ya awiri osiyana phulusa (onani Gulu 3.1). Yang'anirani mosamalitsa chinyezi ndi pH yamagulu omwewo a zitsanzo momwe mungathere, kenako yesani kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira molingana ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa (njira ya pepala losefera).
4.3 Zotsatira Zakuyesa
Zotsatira za kusanthula kwamagulu atatu a zitsanzo zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1, zotsatira zoyesa madzi osungira madzi a ma viscosities osiyanasiyana akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1, ndipo zotsatira za kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa phulusa ndi pH zosiyana zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. .
(1) Zotsatira zakusanthula kwa magulu atatu a zitsanzo zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1
Table 1 Kusanthula zotsatira za magulu atatu a zitsanzo
polojekiti
Gulu no.
Phulusa %
pH
Viscosity/mPa, s
Madzi /%
Kusunga madzi
201302028
4.9
4.2
75, 000,
6
76
0.9
4.3
74, 500,
5.9
76
20130233
4.7
4.0
150, 000,
5.5
79
0.8
4.1
140, 000,
5.4
78
20130236
4.8
4.1
200, 000,
5.1
82
0.9
4.0
195, 000,
5.2
81
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso osungira madzi amagulu atatu a zitsanzo zokhala ndi ma viscosities osiyanasiyana akuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1.
CHITH. 1 Zotsatira zoyesa kusungirako madzi kwa magulu atatu a zitsanzo okhala ndi ma viscosity osiyanasiyana
(3) Zotsatira zozindikiritsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi amagulu atatu a zitsanzo okhala ndi phulusa losiyana ndi pH akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
CHITH. 2 Kuzindikira zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa magulu atatu a zitsanzo okhala ndi phulusa losiyana ndi pH
Kudzera pamwamba experimental zotsatira, chikoka cha madzi posungira mlingo makamaka amachokera mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe wachibale wake mkulu mlingo posungira madzi adzakhala osauka M'malo mwake. Kusinthasintha kwa phulusa pamlingo wa 1% ~ 5% pafupifupi sikukhudza kuchuluka kwake kosungirako madzi, kotero sikungakhudze ntchito yake yosunga madzi.
5 mapeto
Pofuna kupangitsa kuti muyesowu ukhale wogwirizana ndi zenizeni komanso kuti ugwirizane ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwachitetezo champhamvu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, akuti:
Mafakitale muyezo wa mafakitale hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose amapangidwa mu ulamuliro phulusa ndi magiredi, monga: mlingo 1 ulamuliro phulusa <0.010, mlingo 2 kulamulira phulusa <0.050. Mwanjira imeneyi, wopanga akhoza kusankha kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akhalenso ndi zosankha zambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtengowo ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa potengera mfundo yamtengo wapatali komanso mtengo wapamwamba kuti tipewe kusokonezeka kwa msika. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti kuteteza mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe kumapangitsa kupanga zinthu kukhala ochezeka komanso ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-09-2022