Kukula kwa msika wa cellulose ether

Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxymethyl cellulose ndi methyl cellulose ndi zotumphukira zake zidayambitsidwa, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika wamtsogolo kunanenedweratu. Zinthu za mpikisano ndi zovuta mumakampani a cellulose ether zidawunikidwa. Malingaliro ena okhudza chitukuko cha mafakitale a cellulose ether m'dziko lathu adaperekedwa.

Mawu ofunikira:cellulose ether; Kusanthula kufunikira kwa msika; Kafukufuku wamsika

1. Gulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether

1.1 Gulu

Ma cellulose ether ndi polima pomwe maatomu a haidrojeni pagawo la shuga la anhydrous a cellulose amasinthidwa ndi magulu a alkyl kapena olowa m'malo. Pa unyolo wa cellulose polymerization. Chigawo chilichonse cha shuga cha anhydrous chili ndi magulu atatu a hydroxyl omwe amatha kutenga nawo gawo pazotsatira ngati atasinthidwa kwathunthu. Mtengo wa DS ndi 3, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'malo mwa malonda kumayambira 0.4 mpaka 2.8. Ndipo ikasinthidwa ndi alkenyl oxide, imatha kupanga gulu latsopano la hydroxyl lomwe lingasinthidwenso ndi gulu la hydroxyl alkyl, motero limapanga unyolo. Kuchuluka kwa glucose olefin oxide aliyense wa anhydrous amatanthauzidwa ngati nambala ya molar substitution (MS) ya pawiri. Zofunika zamalonda zama cellulose ether makamaka zimadalira kuchuluka kwa molar, kapangidwe ka mankhwala, kugawa kolowa m'malo, DS ndi MS wa cellulose. Zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusungunuka, kukhuthala kwa njira, ntchito zapamtunda, mawonekedwe a thermoplastic wosanjikiza komanso kukhazikika motsutsana ndi biodegradation, kuchepetsa kutentha ndi okosijeni. The mamasukidwe akayendedwe mu njira zimasiyanasiyana malinga wachibale maselo misa.

Ma cellulose ether ali ndi magulu awiri: imodzi ndi mtundu wa ionic, monga carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi polyanionic cellulose (PAC); Mtundu wina ndi wopanda ionic, monga methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose (EC),hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ndi zina zotero.

1.2 Kugwiritsa ntchito

1.2.1 CMC

CMC ndi anionic polyelectrolyte sungunuka m'madzi otentha ndi ozizira. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimakhala ndi DS osiyanasiyana 0.65 ~ 0.85 komanso kukhuthala kwa 10 ~ 4 500 mPa. s. Amagulitsidwa m'makalasi atatu: chiyero chachikulu, chapakati komanso chamakampani. Zinthu zoyera kwambiri ndizoposa 99.5% zoyera, pomwe chiyero chapakati chimaposa 96%. High chiyero CMC nthawi zambiri amatchedwa cellulose chingamu, angagwiritsidwe ntchito chakudya monga stabilizer, thickening wothandizila ndi moisturizing wothandizila ndi ntchito mankhwala ndi munthu chisamaliro mankhwala monga thickening wothandizila, emulsifier ndi kukhuthala kulamulira wothandizila kukhuthala, kupanga mafuta amagwiritsidwanso ntchito chiyero mkulu. CMC. Zogulitsa zapakatikati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nsalu ndi kupanga mapepala, ntchito zina zimaphatikizapo zomatira, zoumba, utoto wa latex ndi zokutira zonyowa. Industrial grade CMC imakhala ndi sodium chloride yopitilira 25% ndi sodium oxyacetic acid, yomwe m'mbuyomu idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotsukira komanso mafakitale okhala ndi zofunikira zochepa zachiyero. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, komanso pakukula kosalekeza kwa magawo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito, chiyembekezo chamsika ndi chotakata, kuthekera kwakukulu.

1.2.2 Nonionic cellulose ether

Zimatanthawuza gulu la ma cellulose ethers ndi zotumphukira zawo zomwe zilibe magulu osagwirizana m'magawo awo. Amakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kuposa zinthu za ionic ether mu thickening, emulsification, kupanga mafilimu, chitetezo cha colloid, kusunga chinyezi, kumamatira, anti-sensitivity ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya zamafuta, zokutira za latex, polima polima, zida zomangira, mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku, chakudya, mankhwala, kupanga mapepala, kusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto ndi magawo ena amakampani.

Methyl cellulose ndi zotuluka zake zazikulu. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ndi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ndi nonionic. Zonsezi zimasungunuka m'madzi ozizira koma osati m'madzi otentha. Njira yawo yamadzi ikatenthedwa mpaka 40 ~ 70 ℃, chodabwitsa cha gel chimawonekera. Kutentha komwe kumapezeka gelation kumadalira mtundu wa gel osakaniza, kuchuluka kwa yankho, ndi mlingo umene zina zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa. Gel phenomenon imasinthidwa.

(1) HPMC ndi MC. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa MCS ndi HPMCS kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi giredi: magiredi abwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’zakudya ndi mankhwala; Standard giredi ikupezeka mu utoto ndi utoto wochotsa utoto, bond simenti. Zomatira ndi kuchotsa mafuta. Mu non-ionic cellulose ether, MC ndi HPMC ndizofunikira kwambiri pamsika.

Gawo lazomangamanga ndilogula kwambiri HPMC/MC, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisa, zokutira pamwamba, phala la matailosi komanso kuwonjezera pamatope a simenti. Makamaka, mu matope a simenti osakaniza ndi pang'ono HPMC akhoza kuimba chomata, kusunga madzi, pang'onopang'ono coagulation ndi zotsatira mpweya magazi. Mwachiwonekere sinthani matope a simenti, matope, zomatira, kukana kuzizira komanso kukana kutentha komanso kulimba komanso kumeta ubweya. Potero kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga ya zida zomangira. Kupititsa patsogolo luso la zomangamanga komanso luso la zomangamanga zamakina. Pakalipano, HPMC ndi mankhwala okhawo a cellulose ether omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zida zosindikizira.

HPMC angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati excipients mankhwala, monga thickening wothandizila, dispersant, emulsifier ndi filimu kupanga wothandizila. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira filimu ndi zomatira pamapiritsi, zomwe zimatha kusintha kwambiri kusungunuka kwa mankhwala. Ndipo akhoza kumapangitsanso kukana madzi a mapiritsi. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kuyimitsidwa, kukonzekera kwa maso, mafupa otulutsa pang'onopang'ono komanso owongolera komanso mapiritsi oyandama.

Mu makampani mankhwala, HPMC ndi wothandizira yokonza PVC ndi njira kuyimitsidwa. Ntchito kuteteza colloid, kumapangitsanso kuyimitsidwa mphamvu, kusintha mawonekedwe a PVC tinthu kukula kugawa; Popanga zokutira, MC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, dispersant ndi stabilizer, monga filimu kupanga wothandizila, thickener, emulsifier ndi stabilizer mu zokutira latex ndi zokutira madzi sungunuka utomoni, kuti ❖ kuyanika ❖ kuyanika bwino kuvala kukana, yunifolomu ❖ kuyanika ndi adhesion, ndi kusintha mavuto padziko ndi pH bata, komanso ngakhale zitsulo mtundu zipangizo.

(2) EC, HEC ndi CMHEM. EC ndi zinthu zoyera, zopanda fungo, zopanda mtundu, zopanda poizoni zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasungunuka mu zosungunulira za organic. Zogulitsa zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda zimabwera m'magawo awiri a DS, 2.2 mpaka 2.3 ndi 2.4 mpaka 2.6. Zomwe zili mu gulu la ethoxy zimakhudza katundu wa thermodynamic ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa EC. EC amasungunula mu kuchuluka kwa zosungunulira organic pa kutentha osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ndipo ali otsika poyatsira mfundo. EC imatha kupangidwa kukhala utomoni, zomatira, inki, varnish, filimu ndi zinthu zapulasitiki. Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) ili ndi hydroxymethyl m'malo nambala pafupi ndi 0.3, ndipo katundu wake ndi ofanana ndi EC. Koma amasungunukanso mu zosungunulira zotsika mtengo za hydrocarbon (parafini wopanda fungo) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupaka pamwamba ndi inki.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) imapezeka m'madzi - kapena mankhwala osungunuka ndi mafuta okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu. Madzi ake osagwirizana ndi ionic osungunuka m'madzi otentha ndi ozizira, ali ndi ntchito zambiri zamalonda, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu utoto wa latex, kuchotsa mafuta ndi polymerization emulsion, koma zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zomatira, zomatira, zodzoladzola ndi zowonjezera mankhwala.

Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEM) ndi chochokera ku hydroxyethyl cellulose. Poyerekeza ndi CMC, sikophweka kuikidwa ndi mchere wa heavy metal, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ndi zotsukira zamadzimadzi.

2. Msika wapadziko lonse wa cellulose ether

Pakali pano, mphamvu zonse zopangira cellulose ether padziko lapansi zadutsa 900,000 t/a. Msika wapadziko lonse wa cellulose ether unadutsa $ 3.1 biliyoni mu 2006. Magawo a msika wa MC, CMC ndi HEC ndi zotuluka zawo zinali 32%, 32% ndi 16%, motero. Mtengo wamsika wa MC ndi wofanana ndi wa CMC.

Pambuyo pazaka zachitukuko, msika wa cellulose ether m'maiko otukuka wakhala wokhwima kwambiri, ndipo msika wamayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ukadali pakukula, ndiye ukhala womwe ukuchititsa kukula kwa ma cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi mtsogolomo. . Mphamvu ya CMC yomwe ilipo ku United States ndi 24,500 t/a, ndipo mphamvu yonse ya cellulose ether ndi 74,200 t/a, yokhala ndi mphamvu yokwana 98,700 t/a. Mu 2006, kupanga ma cellulose ether ku United States kunali pafupifupi 90,600 t, kupanga CMC kunali 18,100 t, ndipo kupanga ena cellulose ether anali 72,500 t. Zogulitsa kunja zinali matani 48,100, zotumiza kunja matani 37,500, ndipo zowoneka bwino zidafika matani 101,200. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cellulose ku Western Europe kunali matani 197,000 mchaka cha 2006 ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitilira kukula kwa 1% mzaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Europe ndiye ogula kwambiri ma cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amawerengera 39% yapadziko lonse lapansi, kutsatiridwa ndi Asia ndi North America. CMC ndiye mitundu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe imawerengera 56% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikutsatiridwa ndi methyl cellulose ether ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, zomwe zimawerengera 27% ndi 12% yazonse, motero. Kukula kwapakati pachaka kwa cellulose ether kukuyembekezeka kukhalabe pa 4.2% kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2011. Ku Asia, Japan ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe m'gawo loyipa, pomwe China ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe ndi 9%. Kumpoto kwa America ndi ku Ulaya, zomwe zimakhala ndi mowa wambiri, zidzakula ndi 2.6% ndi 2.1%, motero.

3. Mkhalidwe wamakono ndi chitukuko cha makampani a CMC

Msika wa CMC wagawidwa m'magawo atatu: choyambirira, chapakati komanso choyengedwa. Msika woyamba wazinthu za CMC umayang'aniridwa ndi makampani angapo aku China, akutsatiridwa ndi CP Kelco, Amtex ndi Akzo Nobel omwe ali ndi 15 peresenti, 14 peresenti ndi 9 peresenti yamsika motsatana. CP Kelco ndi Hercules/Aqualon amawerengera 28% ndi 17% ya msika woyengedwa wa CMC, motsatana. Mu 2006, 69% ya kukhazikitsa CMC kunali kugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

3.1 United States

Kuthekera kwaposachedwa kwa CMC ku United States ndi 24,500 t/a. Mu 2006, mphamvu yopanga CMC ku United States inali 18,100 t. Opanga kwambiri ndi Hercules/Aqualon Company ndi Penn Carbose Company, omwe amapanga 20,000 t/a ndi 4,500 t/a, motsatana. Mu 2006, katundu wa US anali matani 26,800, kutumiza kunja matani 4,200, ndipo kunkawoneka kuti kumwa kunali matani 40,700. Akuyembekezeka kukula pa avareji ya 1.8 peresenti pachaka m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika matani 45,000 mu 2011.

Chiyero chachikulu cha CMC (99.5%) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muzakudya, mankhwala ndi zinthu zosamalira anthu, ndipo zosakaniza zachiyero chapamwamba ndi chapakatikati (zoposa 96%) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakampani opanga mapepala. Zogulitsa zoyambira (65% ~ 85%) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani otsukira, ndipo magawo amsika otsala ndi malo opangira mafuta, nsalu ndi zina zotero.

3.2 Western Europe

Mu 2006, Western European CMC inali ndi mphamvu ya 188,000 t/a, yopanga 154,000 t, yogwira ntchito 82%, voliyumu yotumiza kunja ya 58,000 t ndi voliyumu yotumiza 4,000 t. Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, kumene mpikisano uli woopsa, makampani ambiri akutseka mafakitale omwe ali ndi mphamvu zachikale, makamaka omwe amapanga katundu woyambirira, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a magawo ena onse. Pambuyo pakusintha kwamakono, zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimayeretsedwa ndi CMC komanso zinthu zazikulu zowonjezera za CMC. Western Europe ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa cellulose ether komanso wogulitsa kunja kwambiri wa CMC komanso non-ionic cellulose ether. M'zaka zaposachedwa, msika waku Western Europe walowa m'malo otsetsereka, ndipo kukula kwa cellulose ether kumwa kumakhala kochepa.

Mu 2006, kumwa kwa CMC ku Western Europe kunali matani 102,000, ndipo mtengo wake unali pafupifupi $275 miliyoni. Akuyembekezeka kusunga chiwonjezeko chapakati pachaka cha 1% m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

3.3 Japan

Mu 2005, Shikoku Chemical Company inasiya kupanga pafakitale ya Tokushima ndipo tsopano kampaniyo ikuitanitsa zinthu za CMC kuchokera mdziko muno. M'zaka 10 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa CMC ku Japan sikunasinthe, ndipo mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito yamagulu osiyanasiyana azinthu ndi mizere yopanga ndi yosiyana. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyengedwa bwino kwawonjezeka, kuwerengera 90% ya kuchuluka kwa CMC.

Monga tikuwonera kuchokera ku kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa CMC ku Japan m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyengedwa zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, zomwe zimawerengera 89% yazotulutsa zonse mu 2006, zomwe makamaka zimabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa msika. chiyero mankhwala. Pakali pano, opanga chachikulu onse kupereka mankhwala specifications zosiyanasiyana, ndi katundu voliyumu ya Japanese CMC akuchulukirachulukira, pafupifupi pafupifupi theka la linanena bungwe okwana, makamaka zimagulitsidwa ku United States, China, Taiwan, Thailand ndi Indonesia. . Ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kuchokera ku gawo lobwezeretsa mafuta padziko lonse lapansi, izi zipitilira kukula mzaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

4,sanali ionic cellulose ether makampani udindo ndi chitukuko chikhalidwe

Kupanga kwa MC ndi HEC ndikokhazikika, pomwe opanga atatuwa akutenga 90% ya msika. Kupanga kwa HEC ndikokhazikika kwambiri, komwe Hercules ndi Dow amawerengera msika wopitilira 65%, ndipo opanga ma cellulose ether ambiri adakhazikika pamndandanda umodzi kapena ziwiri. Hercules/Aqualon imapanga mizere itatu ya zinthu komanso HPC ndi EC. Mu 2006, ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi yoyika MC ndi HEC inali 73% ndi 89% motsatana.

4.1 United States

Dow Wolff Celuosies ndi Hercules/Aqualon, opanga ma cellulose ether omwe si a ionic ku US, ali ndi mphamvu yophatikiza yokwana 78,200 t/a. Kupanga kwa nonionic cellulose ether ku United States mu 2006 kunali pafupifupi 72,500 t.

Nonionic cellulose ether ether ku United States mu 2006 inali pafupifupi 60,500 t. Mwa iwo, kumwa kwa MC ndi zotumphukira zake kunali matani 30,500, ndipo kumwa kwa HEC kunali matani 24,900.

4.1.1 MC/HPMC

Ku United States, Dow yokhayo imapanga MC/HPMC yokhala ndi mphamvu yopangira 28,600 t/a. Pali magawo awiri, 15,000 t/a ndi 13,600 t/a motsatana. Popanga pafupifupi 20,000 t mu 2006, Dow Chemical ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika womanga, ataphatikiza Dow Wolff Cellulosics mu 2007. Yakulitsa bizinesi yake pamsika womanga.

Pakadali pano msika wa MC/HPMC ku United States wadzaza. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kukula msika ndi pang'onopang'ono. Mu 2003, kumwa ndi 25,100 t, ndipo mu 2006, kumwa ndi 30,500 t, zomwe 60% zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, pafupifupi 16,500 t.

Mafakitale monga zomangamanga ndi chakudya ndi mankhwala ndi omwe akuyendetsa msika wa MC/HPMC ku US, pomwe kufunikira kwamakampani a polima sikungasinthe.

4.1.2 HEC ndi CHEC

Mu 2006, kumwa kwa HEC ndi zochokera ku carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) ku United States kunali 24,900 t. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukuyembekezeka kukula pa avareji pachaka cha 1.8% pofika 2011.

4.2 Western Europe

Western Europe ili pamalo oyamba pakupanga ma cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ndi dera lomwe lili ndi MC/HPMC yopanga ndi kumwa kwambiri. Mu 2006, malonda a Western European MCS ndi zotumphukira zawo (HEMCs ndi HPMCS) ndi HECs ndi EHECs anali $419 miliyoni ndi $166 miliyoni, motero. Mu 2004, mphamvu yopangira ether yopanda ionic cellulose ku Western Europe inali 160,000 t/a. Mu 2007, zotulutsa zidafika 184,000 t/a, ndipo zotulutsa zidafika 159,000 t. Voliyumu yotumiza kunja inali 20,000 t ndipo voliyumu yotumiza kunja inali 85,000 t. Mphamvu yake yopanga MC/HPMC imafika pafupifupi 100,000 t/a.

Non-ionic ma cellulose ku Western Europe anali 95,000 matani mu 2006. The okwana malonda voliyumu kufika 600 miliyoni US madola, ndi kumwa MC ndi zotumphukira zake, HEC, EHEC ndi HPC ndi 67,000 t, 26,000 t ndi 2,000 t, motero. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 419 miliyoni za US, 166 miliyoni za US ndi 15 miliyoni za US, ndipo kukula kwapakati pachaka kudzasungidwa pafupifupi 2% m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Mu 2011, kumwa kwa non-ionic cellulose ether ku Western Europe kudzafika 105,000 t.

Msika wogwiritsa ntchito wa MC/HPMC ku Western Europe walowa m'malo otsetsereka, kotero kukula kwa ma cellulose ether ku Western Europe ndikochepa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kumwa kwa MC ndi zotumphukira zake ku Western Europe kunali 62,000 t mu 2003 ndi 67,000 t mu 2006, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 34% ya kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether. Gawo lalikulu lazakudya ndi ntchito yomanganso.

4.3 Japan

Shin-yue Chemical ndiwopanga padziko lonse lapansi kupanga methyl cellulose ndi zotuluka zake. Mu 2003 idapeza Clariant waku Germany; Mu 2005 idakulitsa chomera chake cha Naoetsu kuchoka pa 20,000 L/a kufika pa 23,000 t/a. Mu 2006, Shin-Yue anakulitsa mphamvu ya cellulose ether ya SE Tulose kuchoka pa 26,000 t/aa kufika pa 40,000 t/a, ndipo tsopano mphamvu zonse zapachaka za bizinesi ya Shin-Yue ya cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi 63,000 t/a. Mu Marichi 2007, Shin-etsu inayimitsa kupanga zinthu zochokera ku cellulose pafakitale yake ya Naoetsu chifukwa cha kuphulika. Kupanga kunayambiranso mu Meyi 2007. Shin-etsu akufuna kugula MC yopangira zida zomangira kuchokera ku Dow ndi ogulitsa ena pomwe zotuluka zonse za cellulose zikupezeka pafakitale.

Mu 2006, ku Japan kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa cellulose ether kupatula CMC kunali pafupifupi 19,900 t. Kupanga kwa MC, HPMC ndi HEMC kunawerengera 85% ya zonse zomwe zidapangidwa. Zokolola za MC ndi HEC zinali 1.69 t ndi 2 100 t, motsatira. Mu 2006, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nonionic cellulose ether ku Japan kunali 11,400 t. Kutulutsa kwa MC ndi HEC ndi 8500t ndi 2000t motsatana.

5,msika wapanyumba wa cellulose ether

5.1 Mphamvu yopangira

China ndiye omwe amapanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso ogula CMC, omwe ali ndi opanga opitilira 30 komanso kukula kwapachaka kopitilira 20%. Mu 2007, mphamvu yaku China yopanga CMC inali pafupifupi 180,000 t/a ndipo zotsatira zake zinali 65,000 ~ 70,000 t. CMC imatenga pafupifupi 85% yazinthu zonse, ndipo zogulitsa zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zokutira, kukonza chakudya ndi kuchotsa mafuta osapsa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwapakhomo kwa zinthu zina zama cellulose ether kupatula CMC kukuchulukirachulukira. Makamaka, makampani opanga mankhwala amafunikira HPMC ndi MC yapamwamba kwambiri.

Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga mafakitale a nonionic cellulose ether anayamba mu 1965. Gawo lalikulu la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi Wuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha HPMC ku Luzhou Chemical Plant ndi Hui 'an Chemical Plant zapita patsogolo mwachangu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwa HPMC m'dziko lathu kukukulira 15% pachaka, ndipo zida zambiri zopangira HPMC m'dziko lathu zimakhazikitsidwa mu 1980s ndi 1990s. Luzhou Chemical Plant Tianpu Fine Chemical inayamba kufufuza ndi kupanga HPMC kachiwiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ndipo pang'onopang'ono inasintha ndikukulitsidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zazing'ono. Kumayambiriro kwa 1999, zida za HPMC ndi MC zokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana 1400 t/a zidapangidwa, ndipo mtundu wazinthu zidafika pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2002, dziko lathu MC/HPMC kupanga mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 4500 t/a, mphamvu pazipita kupanga chomera chimodzi ndi 1400 t/a, amene anamangidwa ndi kuikidwa ntchito mu 2001 ku Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD. Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd. ili ndi Luzhou North ku Luzhou ndi Kachisi wa Suzhou ku Zhangjiagang zoyambira ziwiri zopangira, mphamvu yopanga methyl cellulose ether idafika 18 000 t/a. Mu 2005, linanena bungwe la MC/HPMC pafupifupi 8 000 t, ndi ntchito yaikulu kupanga ndi Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD. Mu 2006, mphamvu zonse zopanga za MC/HPMC m'dziko lathu zinali pafupifupi 61,000 t/a, ndipo mphamvu yopangira HEC inali pafupifupi 12,000 t/a. Ambiri anayamba kupanga mu 2006. Pali oposa 20 opanga MC/HPMC. Mtengo HEMC. Kupanga kwathunthu kwa nonionic cellulose ether mu 2006 kunali pafupifupi 30-40,000 t. Kupanga kwapakhomo kwa cellulose ether kumabalalitsidwa kwambiri, mabizinesi opangira mapadi a cellulose ether mpaka 50 kapena apo.

5.2 Kugwiritsa ntchito

Mu 2005, kumwa kwa MC/HPMC ku China kunali pafupifupi 9 000 t, makamaka pakupanga ma polima ndi zomangamanga. Kumwa kwa nonionic cellulose ether mu 2006 kunali pafupifupi 36,000 t.

5.2.1 Zipangizo zomangira

MC/HPMC nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa ku simenti, matope ndi matope kumayiko akunja kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yabwino komanso yogwira ntchito bwino. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi chitukuko cha msika yomanga nyumba, makamaka kuwonjezeka kwa nyumba zapamwamba. Kuchuluka kwa zida zomangira zapamwamba kwalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa MC/HPMC. Pakadali pano, MC/HPMC yapakhomo imawonjezedwa pakhoma la glue ufa, gypsum grade scraping putty, gypsum caulking putty ndi zida zina. Mu 2006, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa MC/HPMC pantchito yomanga kunali 10 000 t, kuwerengera 30% yazinthu zonse zapakhomo. Ndi chitukuko cha msika womanga m'nyumba, makamaka kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga zamakina, komanso kuwongolera zofunikira pakumanga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa MC/HPMC pantchito yomanga kupitilira kukwera, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukuyembekezeredwa. kufika pa 15 000 t mu 2010.

5.2.2 Polyvinyl chloride

Kupanga kwa PVC mwa kuyimitsidwa ndi gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri la MC/HPMC. Njira yoyimitsira ikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PVC, njira yobalalitsira imakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa polima ndi mankhwala ake omalizidwa. Kuwonjezera pang'ono HPMC akhoza bwino kulamulira tinthu kukula kugawa dongosolo kubalalitsidwa ndi kusintha matenthedwe bata la utomoni. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama zowonjezera ndi 0.03% -0.05% yazotulutsa za PVC. Mu 2005, dziko linanena bungwe la polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC) anali 6.492 miliyoni t, amene kuyimitsidwa njira anali 88%, ndipo HPMC kumwa anali pafupifupi 2 000 t. Malinga ndi kachitidwe chitukuko cha zoweta kupanga PVC, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti kupanga PVC adzafika t oposa 10 miliyoni t mu 2010. Kuyimitsidwa polymerization ndondomeko ndi losavuta, zosavuta kulamulira, ndi zosavuta kupanga zazikulu. The mankhwala ali ndi makhalidwe amphamvu kusinthasintha, amene ndi luso kutsogolera PVC kupanga m'tsogolo, kotero kuchuluka kwa HPMC m'munda wa polymerization adzapitiriza kuwonjezeka, kuchuluka akuyembekezeka kukhala za 3 000 t mu 2010.

5.2.3 utoto, zakudya ndi mankhwala

Zovala ndi kupanga zakudya/zamankhwala ndizofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito MC/HPMC. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba ndi 900 t ndi 800 t motsatana. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku, zomatira ndi zina zambiri zimadyanso kuchuluka kwa MC/HPMC. M'tsogolomu, kufunikira kwa MC/HPMC m'magawo ofunsirawa kupitilira kuwonjezeka.

Malinga ndi kusanthula pamwamba. Mu 2010, kuchuluka kwa MC/HPMC ku China kudzafika pa 30 000 t.

5.3 Kutumiza ndi Kutumiza kunja

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha chuma chathu ndi kupanga ma cellulose ether, malonda a cellulose ether import and export trade akukula mwachangu, ndipo liwiro lotumiza kunja limaposa liwiro lotumizira.

Chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri HPMC ndi MC chofunika ndi makampani opanga mankhwala sangathe kukwaniritsa kufunika msika, kotero ndi kufunika msika mkulu khalidwe mapadi etere kukula, avareji pachaka kukula kwa import ya mapadi efa anafika pafupifupi 36% kuchokera 2000 kuti. 2007. Chaka cha 2003 chisanafike, dziko lathu silinatumize katundu wa cellulose ether. Kuyambira 2004, kutumiza kunja kwa cellulose ether kudaposa l000 t koyamba. Kuchokera mu 2004 mpaka 2007, chiwongola dzanja cha pachaka chinali 10%. Mu 2007, voliyumu yotumiza kunja idaposa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, zomwe zimagulitsidwa makamaka ndi ionic cellulose ether.

6. Kusanthula mpikisano wamakampani ndi malingaliro achitukuko

6.1 Kuwunika kwazinthu zamakampani

6.1.1 Zida Zopangira

Ma cellulose ether kupanga zida zazikulu zoyambirira ndi zamkati zamatabwa, kukwera kwamitengo yamitengo, kukuwonetsa kuzungulira kwamakampani komanso kufunikira kwa zamkati zamatabwa. Gwero lachiwiri lalikulu la cellulose ndi lint. Gwero lake silimakhudza gawo lazamalonda. Zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kukolola kwa thonje. Kupanga kwa cellulose ether kumawononga zamkati zamatabwa pang'ono kuposa mankhwala ena, monga ulusi wa acetate ndi viscose. Kwa opanga, mitengo yazinthu zopangira ndizowopsa kwambiri pakukula.

6.1.2 Zofunikira

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cellulose ether m'malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga zotsukira, zokutira, zomanga ndi othandizira opangira mafuta kumapanga zosakwana 50% ya msika wonse wa cellulose ether. Gawo lina la ogula lagawika. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cellulose ether kumapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo laling'ono lazakudya m'maderawa. Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi omalizawa alibe cholinga chopanga cellulose ether koma kugula pamsika. Chiwopsezo cha msika chimachokera makamaka kuchokera kuzinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zofanana ndi cellulose ether.

6.1.3 Kupanga

Chotchinga cholowera chamagulu amakampani a CMC ndichotsika kuposa cha HEC ndi MC, koma CMC yoyengedwa ili ndi chotchinga chokwera komanso ukadaulo wopangira zovuta. Zolepheretsa zaukadaulo zolowera mukupanga ma HECs ndi MCS ndizokwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogulitsa zinthuzi azikhala ochepa. Njira zopangira ma HECs ndi MCS ndizobisika kwambiri. Zofunikira zowongolera njira ndizovuta kwambiri. Opanga amatha kupanga magiredi angapo komanso osiyanasiyana a HEC ndi MC.

6.1.4 Opikisana nawo atsopano

Kupanga kumapanga zinthu zambiri zongobwera kumene ndipo mtengo wa chilengedwe ndi wokwera. chomera chatsopano cha 10,000 t/a chingawononge $90 miliyoni mpaka $130 miliyoni. Ku United States, Western Europe ndi Japan. Bizinesi ya cellulose ether nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa kuposa kubwezanso. M'misika yomwe ilipo. Mafakitole atsopano sapikisana. Komabe m'dziko lathu ndalama ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo msika wathu wapakhomo uli ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha chitukuko. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Ndalama zomanga zida zikuwonjezeka. Motero kupanga chotchinga chapamwamba chachuma kwa olowa kumene. Ngakhale opanga omwe alipo ayenera kukulitsa kupanga ngati zinthu zilola.

Kuyika ndalama mu R&D kwa HECs ndi MCS kuyenera kusamalidwa kuti pakhale zotuluka zatsopano ndi ntchito zatsopano. Chifukwa cha ethylene ndi propylene oxides. Makampani ake opanga zinthu ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Ndipo ukadaulo wopanga mafakitale CMC ulipo. Ndipo malire osavuta a ndalama ndi otsika. Kupanga kalasi yoyengedwa kumafuna ndalama zambiri komanso ukadaulo wovuta.

6.1.5 Mpikisano wapano mdziko lathu

Chochitika cha mpikisano wosokonezeka chimapezekanso mumakampani a cellulose ether. Poyerekeza ndi mapulojekiti ena amankhwala. Cellulose ether ndi ndalama zochepa. Nthawi yomanga ndi yochepa. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Msika wamakono wamakono ndi wolimbikitsa, chifukwa kukula kosalongosoka kwa zochitika zamakampani ndizovuta kwambiri. Phindu la mafakitale likutsika. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a CMC ndikovomerezeka. Koma mphamvu zatsopano zikupitilira kutulutsidwa. Mpikisano wamsika udzakhala wovuta kwambiri.

Mzaka zaposachedwa. Chifukwa cha ntchito zapakhomo. CMC linanena bungwe 13 wakhalabe kukula mofulumira. Koma chaka chino, kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho wakunja kumachepetsa, kuyamikira kwa RMB kwapangitsa kuti phindu lotumiza kunja lichepetse. Choncho, limbitsani luso kusintha. Kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe lazogulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja zinthu zapamwamba ndizofunika kwambiri pamakampani. Dziko lathu lamakampani a cellulose ether likufananizidwa ndi kunja. Si bizinesi yaying'ono, komabe. Koma kusowa kwa chitukuko cha mafakitale, kusintha kwa msika kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera mabizinesi. Kumbali ina, zalepheretsa ndalama zamakampani pakukweza ukadaulo.

6.2 Malingaliro

(1) Wonjezerani kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha komanso kuyesetsa kwatsopano kuti mupange mitundu yatsopano. Ionic cellulose ether imaimiridwa ndi CMC(sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Ali ndi mbiri yakale yachitukuko. Pansi pa kukondoweza mosalekeza kwa kufunika kwa msika. Zogulitsa za nonionic cellulose ether zatuluka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuwonetsa kukula kwamphamvu. Ubwino wa mankhwala a cellulose ether umatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi chiyero. Padziko lonse lapansi. United States Food and Drug Administration ndi zofunikira zina zomveka bwino za kuyera kwa zinthu za CMC ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 99.5%. Pakadali pano, kutulutsa kwa dziko lathu CMC kwapanga 1/3 ya zotulutsa zapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma mtundu wazinthuzo ndi wotsika, 1: 1 nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika, yotsika mtengo. CMC imatumiza kunja kwambiri kuposa zogulitsa kunja chaka chilichonse. Koma mtengo wathunthu ndi wofanana. Nonionic cellulose ethers amakhalanso ndi zokolola zochepa kwambiri. Choncho, nkofunika kuonjezera kupanga ndi chitukuko cha nonionic cellulose ether. Tsopano. Mabizinesi akunja akubwera kudziko lathu kudzaphatikiza mabizinesi ndikumanga mafakitale. Dziko lathu liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wachitukuko kuti lilimbikitse kuchuluka kwa zopanga komanso mtundu wazinthu. Mzaka zaposachedwa. Kufunika kwapakhomo kwa zinthu zina zama cellulose ether kupatula CMC kukuchulukirachulukira. Makamaka, makampani opanga mankhwala amafunikira HPMC yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo MC imafunikirabe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina kuchokera kunja. Chitukuko ndi kupanga ziyenera kukonzedwa.

(2) Kupititsa patsogolo luso lamakono la zipangizo. The makina zida mlingo wa m`nyumba kuyeretsedwa ndondomeko ndi otsika. Kuletsa kwambiri chitukuko cha makampani. Chodetsa chachikulu mu mankhwalawa ndi sodium kolorayidi. M'mbuyomu. Tripod centrifuge imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Njira yoyeretsera ndi ntchito yapakatikati, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Ubwino wazinthu ndizovuta kusintha. Bungwe la National cellulose ether industry Association linayamba kuthana ndi vutoli mu 2003. Zotsatira zolimbikitsa tsopano zakwaniritsidwa. Kuyera kwazinthu zina zamabizinesi kwafika kupitilira 99.5%. Kuphatikiza apo. Pali kusiyana pakati pa digiri ya automation ya mzere wonse wopanga ndi wamayiko akunja. Ndikoyenera kuganizira kuphatikiza zida zakunja ndi zida zapakhomo. Ulalo wofunikira wothandizira zida zolowa. Kupititsa patsogolo makina opanga makina. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu za ionic, ether yopanda ionic cellulose imafuna luso lapamwamba kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudutse zopinga zaukadaulo pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

(3) Samalani ndi nkhani za chilengedwe ndi zinthu. Chaka chino ndi chaka chathu chopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale chizisamalira bwino vuto lazachilengedwe. Madzi onyansa omwe amachotsedwa kumakampani a cellulose ether amakhala makamaka madzi osungunulira, omwe amakhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso COD wambiri. Njira zama biochemical zimakondedwa.

M'dziko lathu. Zopangira zazikulu zopangira cellulose ether ndi ubweya wa thonje. Ubweya wa thonje unali zinyalala zaulimi zisanafike zaka za m'ma 1980, kuugwiritsa ntchito kupanga cellulose ether ndikusandutsa zinyalala kukhala chuma chachuma. Komabe. Ndi kukula mofulumira kwa viscose CHIKWANGWANI ndi mafakitale ena. Veveveti yaiwisi ya thonje yayifupi yakhala chuma chamtengo wapatali. Kufuna kwakhazikitsidwa kuti kukulepheretse kupezeka. Makampani akuyenera kulimbikitsidwa kuitanitsa mitengo yamatabwa kuchokera kumayiko akunja monga Russia, Brazil ndi Canada. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la kuchepa kwa zinthu zopangira, ubweya wa thonje umasinthidwa pang'ono.