Makhalidwe, kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether m'makampani

Mitundu, njira zokonzekera, katundu ndi makhalidwe a cellulose ether adawunikiridwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapadi a cellulose mu petroleum, zomangamanga, kupanga mapepala, nsalu, mankhwala, chakudya, zipangizo zamakono ndi mafakitale a tsiku ndi tsiku. Mitundu ina yatsopano ya zotumphukira za cellulose ether zokhala ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko zidayambitsidwa ndipo ziyembekezo zake zogwiritsa ntchito zidakwaniritsidwa.

Mawu ofunikira:cellulose ether; Magwiridwe; Ntchito; Zochokera ku cellulose

Cellulose ndi mtundu wachilengedwe wa polima pawiri. Kapangidwe kake mankhwala ndi polysaccharide macromolecule ndi anhydrous β-glucose monga mphete m'munsi, ndi gulu limodzi chachikulu hydroxyl ndi awiri yachiwiri hydroxyl magulu pa aliyense m'munsi mphete. Mwa kusintha kwa mankhwala, mndandanda wa zotumphukira za cellulose zitha kupezeka, cellulose ether ndi amodzi mwa iwo. Ma cellulose ether ndi akamagwira ntchito ya mapadi ndi NaOH, ndiyeno etherize ndi monomers osiyanasiyana zinchito monga methane kolorayidi, ethylene okusayidi, propylene okusayidi, etc., ndi kutsuka ndi mankhwala mchere ndi sodium mapaipi. Ma cellulose ether ndi gawo lofunikira la cellulose, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri muzamankhwala ndi thanzi, mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku, mapepala, chakudya, mankhwala, zomangamanga, zida ndi mafakitale ena. Chifukwa chake, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether kuli ndi tanthauzo labwino pakugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira zinthu zongowonjezereka za biomass, kupanga zida zatsopano ndi matekinoloje atsopano.

1. Gulu ndi kukonzekera cellulose ether

Gulu la cellulose ethers nthawi zambiri limagawidwa m'magulu anayi molingana ndi ma ionic.

1.1 Nonionic cellulose ether

Non-ionic mapadi efa makamaka mapadi alkyl ether, njira yokonzekera ndi mapadi ndi NaOH anachita, ndiyeno ndi zosiyanasiyana zinchito monomers monga methane kolorayidi, ethylene okusayidi, propylene okusayidi etherification anachita, ndiyeno ndi kutsuka ndi mankhwala. mchere ndi sodium cellulose kupeza. Mkulu wa methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. Ntchito yake ndi yotakata kwambiri.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether makamaka ndi carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sodium. Kukonzekera njira ndi zimene mapadi ndi NaOH, ndiyeno etherify ndi asidi monochloroacetic kapena ethylene okusayidi, propylene okusayidi, ndiyeno kusamba ndi mankhwala mchere ndi sodium mapadi kupeza.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose ether ndi 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose ether. Kukonzekera njira ndi zimene mapadi ndi NaOH, ndiyeno cationic etherifying wothandizila 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium kolorayidi kapena ethylene okusayidi, propylene okusayidi pamodzi ndi etherifying anachita, ndiyeno ndi kutsuka ndi mankhwala mchere ndi sodium. cellulose kupeza.

1.4 Zwitterionic cellulose ether

Zwitterionic mapadi etha ali magulu anionic ndi magulu cationic pa unyolo maselo, njira yokonzekera ndi mapadi ndi NaOH anachita, ndiyeno ndi chloroacetic asidi ndi cationic etherifying wothandizila 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium koloride etherification anachita, ndiyeno wasambitsidwa. mwa mankhwala mchere ndi sodium cellulose ndipo analandira.

2.the katundu ndi makhalidwe a cellulose ether

2.1 Mawonekedwe ake

Ma cellulose ether nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera kapena amkaka oyera, osakoma, osakhala ndi poizoni, okhala ndi ufa wonyezimira wamafuta, osavuta kuyamwa chinyezi, amasungunuka m'madzi kukhala colloid yowoneka bwino ya viscous khola.

2.2 Kupanga mafilimu ndi kumamatira

The etherification wa mapadi ether ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa katundu wake, monga solubility, filimu kupanga luso, chomangira mphamvu ndi kulolerana mchere. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha ndi kukana kuzizira, komanso kumagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utomoni ndi mapulasitiki, angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mapulasitiki, mafilimu, ma varnish, zomatira, latex ndi zipangizo zokutira mankhwala.

2.3 Kusungunuka

Methyl cellulose sungunuka m'madzi ozizira, osasungunuka m'madzi otentha, komanso sungunuka m'madzi ena osungunulira organic; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sungunuka m'madzi ozizira, osasungunuka m'madzi otentha ndi zosungunulira za organic. Koma njira yamadzi ya methyl cellulose ndi methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ikatenthedwa, methyl cellulose ndi methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose zimatuluka. Ma cellulose a Methyl adakwera pa 45 ~ 60 ℃, pomwe etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose adatsika pa 65 ~ 80 ℃. Pamene kutentha kumatsika, madziwo amasungunukanso.

Sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl mapadi amasungunuka m'madzi pa kutentha kulikonse, koma osasungunuka mu zosungunulira za organic (kupatulapo zochepa).

2.4 Kuchulukitsa

Ma cellulose ether amasungunuka m'madzi mu mawonekedwe a colloidal, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kumadalira kuchuluka kwa polymerization ya cellulose ether. The yankho lili macromolecules wa hydration. Chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa macromolecules, machitidwe othamanga a yankho ndi osiyana ndi a Newtonian fluids, koma amasonyeza khalidwe lomwe limasiyana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zometa ubweya. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a macromolecular a cellulose ether, kukhuthala kwa yankho kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndikuwonjezeka kwa ndende ndikuchepa mwachangu ndi kutentha kowonjezereka.

2.5 Kuwonongeka

Cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo lamadzi. Malingana ngati madzi alipo, mabakiteriya amakula. Kukula kwa mabakiteriya kumabweretsa kupanga ma enzyme bacteria. Bakiteriya wa enzymeyo adapanga chomangira chosalowa m'malo mwa glucose wopanda madzi am'madzi pafupi ndi kuphulika kwa cellulose ether ndipo kulemera kwa ma polima kudachepa. Choncho, ngati njira yamadzimadzi ya cellulose ether iyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, chosungira chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kwa icho, ngakhale ngati antibacterial cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

3.kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether m'makampani

3.1 Makampani a Mafuta

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potengera mafuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope kuti awonjezere kukhuthala komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa madzi. Itha kukana kuipitsidwa kwa mchere wambiri wosungunuka ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwamafuta.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl mapadi ndi sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl mapadi ndi mtundu wa bwino pobowola matope mankhwala wothandizila ndi kukonzekera kumaliza zipangizo zamadzimadzi, mkulu pulping, mchere kukana, calcium kukana, zabwino viscosification luso, kutentha kukana (160 ℃). Oyenera pokonza madzi abwino, madzi a m'nyanja ndi zimalimbikitsa mchere madzi pobowola madzimadzi, pansi pa kulemera kwa kashiamu kolorayidi akhoza kusakaniza zosiyanasiyana kachulukidwe (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) pobowola madzimadzi pobowola, ndipo ali ndi kukhuthala kwina ndi kusefera otsika. mphamvu, mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake ndi kusefera mphamvu kuposa hydroxyethyl mapadi, ndi zabwino kupanga mafuta zina. Sodium carboxymethyl mapadi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m`kati mafuta masuku pamutu zotumphukira mapadi, mu kubowola madzimadzi, cementing madzimadzi, fracturing madzimadzi ndi kusintha mafuta kupanga ntchito, makamaka pobowola madzimadzi ndi yaikulu, takeoff waukulu ndi ankafika kusefera ndi viscosification.

Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola, kumaliza ndi kuyika simenti ngati matope okhazikika. Chifukwa hydroxyethyl mapadi ndi sodium carboxymethyl mapadi, guar chingamu poyerekeza ndi zotsatira zabwino thickening, kuyimitsidwa mchenga, okhutira mchere wambiri, kukana kutentha, ndi kukana pang'ono, kutayika kochepa madzi, wosweka mphira chipika, otsika zotsalira makhalidwe wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito.

3.2 Makampani omanga ndi zokutira

Kumanga nyumba ndi pulasitala matope osakaniza: sodium carboxymethyl mapadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati retarding wothandizila, madzi posungira wothandizila, thickener ndi binder, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gypsum pansi ndi simenti pansi pulasitala, matope ndi pansi mosanjikiza zinthu dispersant, madzi posungira wothandizira, thickener. Ndi mtundu wapadera wa zomangamanga ndi pulasitala matope admixture kwa midadada aerated konkire opangidwa carboxymethyl cellulose, amene angathe kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kusunga madzi ndi kukana matope matope ndi kupewa kusweka ndi dzenje la chipika khoma.

Zomangamanga pamwamba zokongoletsera zipangizo: Cao Mingqian ndi zina methyl mapadi zopangidwa ndi mtundu wa chitetezo chilengedwe nyumba zokongoletsa pamwamba zipangizo, kupanga kwake ndi losavuta, woyera, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa khoma mkulu-kalasi, miyala matailosi pamwamba, Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito mzati. , kukongoletsa pamwamba pa piritsi. Huang Jianping wopangidwa ndi carboxymethyl cellulose ndi mtundu wa ceramic matailosi sealant, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zomangira zolimba, luso lamapindikidwe abwino, satulutsa ming'alu ndi kugwa, zotsatira zabwino zosalowa madzi, mtundu wowala komanso wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi zokongoletsa kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira: Methyl mapadi ndi hydroxyethyl mapadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga stabilizer, thickener ndi madzi posungira wothandizila zokutira latex, kuwonjezera, Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati dispersant, viscosifier ndi filimu kupanga wothandizila kwa zokutira wachikuda simenti. Kuonjezera ma cellulose ether okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenerera ndi kukhuthala kwa utoto wa latex kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga utoto wa latex, kuteteza sipatter, kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kosungirako ndi mphamvu yakuphimba. Gawo lalikulu la ogula kunja ndi zokutira za latex, chifukwa chake, zinthu za cellulose ether nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosankha zoyambirira za utoto wopaka utoto wa latex. Mwachitsanzo, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether yosinthidwa imatha kukhala patsogolo pa penti ya latex chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa mapadi efa ali wapadera matenthedwe gel osakaniza makhalidwe ndi solubility, kukana mchere, kukana kutentha, ndipo ali ndi ntchito yoyenera pamwamba, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wothandizila madzi posungira, kuyimitsidwa wothandizira, emulsifier, filimu kupanga wothandizila, lubricant, binder ndi rheological kusintha. .

3.3 Makampani a Paper

Paper chonyowa zina: CMC angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati CHIKWANGWANI dispersant ndi mapepala enhancer, akhoza kuonjezedwa kwa zamkati, chifukwa sodium carboxymethyl mapadi ndi zamkati ndi kulongedza particles ali ndi mlandu womwewo, akhoza kuonjezera mgwirizano wa CHIKWANGWANI, kusintha mphamvu ya pepala. Monga chowonjezera chowonjezera mkati mwa pepala, chimawonjezera mgwirizano pakati pa ulusi, ndipo zimatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zolimba, kukana kupuma, kufanana kwa pepala ndi zolemba zina zakuthupi. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati sing agent mu zamkati. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati woteteza wa rosin, AKD ndi ma saizi ena. Cationic cellulose ether itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati fyuluta yothandizira posungira mapepala, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ulusi wabwino ndi zodzaza, zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kulimbikitsa mapepala.

Zomatira zokutira: Ntchito ❖ kuyanika processing pepala ❖ kuyanika zomatira, akhoza m'malo tchizi, mbali ya latex, kuti inki yosindikiza yosavuta kulowa, bwino m'mphepete. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati pigment dispersant, viscosifier ndi stabilizer.

Pamwamba sizing wothandizira: Sodium carboxymethyl mapadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pepala pamwamba sizing wothandizira, kusintha mphamvu pamwamba pa pepala, poyerekeza ndi ntchito panopa polyvinyl mowa, kusinthidwa wowuma pambuyo mphamvu pamwamba akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi za 10%, mlingo yafupika. pafupifupi 30%. Ndi chida chodalirika chopangira mapepala, ndipo mitundu yake yamitundu yatsopano iyenera kupangidwa mwachangu. Cationic mapadi efa ali bwino pamwamba sizing ntchito kuposa cationic wowuma, osati kusintha mphamvu pamwamba pa pepala, komanso akhoza kusintha mayamwidwe inki pepala, kuonjezera utoto tingati ndi zingamuthandize pamwamba sizing wothandizira.

3.4 Makampani opanga nsalu

M'makampani opanga nsalu, ether ya cellulose imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing agent, leveling agent ndi thickening a zamkati za nsalu.

Sizing wothandizila: mapadi efa monga sodium carboxymethyl mapadi, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl mapadi efa, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl mapadi efa ndi mitundu ina angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga wothandizila sizing, ndipo si zophweka kuwonongeka ndi nkhungu, kusindikiza ndi utoto, popanda desizing, kulimbikitsa utoto angapeze yunifolomu. colloid m'madzi.

Wothandizira: amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya hydrophilic ndi osmotic ya utoto, chifukwa kusintha kwa mamasukidwe ndikochepa, kosavuta kusintha kusiyana kwa utoto; Cationic cellulose ether imakhalanso ndi utoto komanso utoto.

Thickening wothandizila: sodium carboxymethyl mapadi, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl mapadi efa, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl mapadi ether angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kusindikiza ndi utoto slurry thickening wothandizila, ndi zotsalira ang'onoang'ono, mkulu mlingo mlingo makhalidwe, ndi kalasi ya kuthekera kwambiri zowonjezera nsalu.

3.5 Makampani opanga mankhwala apakhomo

Khola viscosifier: Sodium methylcellulose mu olimba ufa zopangira phala zinthu phala kubalalitsidwa bata, mu madzi kapena emulsion zodzoladzola thickening, kubalalika, homogenizing ndi maudindo ena. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati stabilizer ndi viscosifier.

Emulsifying stabilizer: mafuta odzola, shampoo emulsifier, thickening agent ndi stabilizer. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl mapadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala otsukira mano zomatira stabilizer, ndi zabwino thixotropic katundu, kuti otsukira m`kamwa ali wabwino formability, yaitali mapindikidwe, yunifolomu ndi wosakhwima kukoma. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose kukana kwa mchere, kukana kwa asidi ndikopambana, zotsatira zake ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa carboxymethyl cellulose, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsukira mu viscosifier, zoteteza dothi.

Dispersion thickener: Popanga zotsukira, ntchito zambiri za sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ngati detergent detergent dispersant, liquid detergent thickener ndi dispersant.

3.6 Makampani opanga mankhwala ndi zakudya

M'makampani opanga mankhwala, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zowonjezera mankhwala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafupa amkamwa omwe amawongolera kumasulidwa komanso kukonzekera kosalekeza, monga kumasulidwa kutsekereza zinthu zowongolera kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala, monga zokutira zotulutsa zotulutsa, ma pellets omasulidwa. , makapisozi omasulidwa okhazikika. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, monga MC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapiritsi ndi makapisozi, kapena mapiritsi okutidwa ndi shuga.

Quality kalasi ya mapadi efa angagwiritsidwe ntchito makampani chakudya, zosiyanasiyana chakudya ndi ogwira thickening wothandizila, emulsifier, stabilizer, excipient, madzi posungira wothandizila ndi makina thovu wothandizila. Methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zadziwika ngati zinthu zosavulaza metabolic inert. Chiyero chachikulu (99.5% kapena kuyeretsedwa kwambiri) carboxymethyl cellulose ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zakudya, monga mkaka ndi zonona zonona, zokometsera, jamu, odzola, zitini, madzi a tebulo ndi zakumwa. Chiyero choposa 90% carboxymethyl cellulose chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zokhudzana ndi chakudya, monga ntchito yoyendetsa ndi kusunga zipatso zatsopano, kukulunga kwa pulasitiki kumakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino, kuipitsidwa pang'ono, kuwonongeka, kosavuta kupanga ubwino wamakina.

3.7 Optical ndi magetsi ntchito zipangizo

Electrolyte thickening stabilizer: chifukwa mkulu chiyero cha mapadi efa, wabwino asidi kukana, mchere kukana, makamaka chitsulo ndi heavy metal zili otsika, kotero colloid ndi khola kwambiri, oyenera batire zamchere, nthaka manganese batire electrolyte thickening stabilizer.

Zida zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi: Kuyambira 1976, kupezeka koyamba kwa hydroxypropyl cellulose - madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, apezeka mu njira yoyenera ya organic, zotumphukira zambiri za cellulose zomwe zili m'gulu lapamwamba zimatha kupanga yankho la anisotropic, mwachitsanzo, hydroxypropyl cellulose ndi acetate, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga colloidal ionic liquid crystal solution, esters ena a hydroxypropyl cellulose amasonyezanso katunduyu.

Ma cellulose ethers ambiri amawonetsa thermotropic liquid crystal properties. Acetyl hydroxypropyl mapadi anapanga thermogenic cholesteric madzi krustalo pansi 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose ndi zotumphukira zake, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose ndi butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose ndi butoxylethyl cellulose cellulose, ndi zina zotere . Ma cellulose esters monga cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate ndi p-methylbenzoate, cellulose heptanate amatha kupanga makhiristo amadzimadzi a thermogenic cholesteric.

Zamagetsi kutchinjiriza zakuthupi: cyanoethyl mapadi etherifying wothandizila kwa acrylonitrile, mkulu dielectric zonse, otsika coefficient, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati phosphorous ndi electroluminescent nyali utomoni masanjidwewo ndi thiransifoma kutchinjiriza.

4. Mawu Otseka

Kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthidwa kwa mankhwala kuti mupeze zotumphukira za cellulose ndi ntchito zapadera ndi njira yabwino yopezera ntchito zatsopano zama cellulose, zinthu zachilengedwe zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Monga chimodzi mwazinthu zochokera ku cellulose, ether ya cellulose monga momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito, zida za polima zosungunuka m'madzi zopanda kuipitsa chifukwa cha zabwino zake, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, ndipo zidzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo cha chitukuko.