Ma cellulose ether amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope osakanikirana

Zotsatira za ma ethers angapo a cellulose single ethers ndi ma ether osakanikirana mumatope osakanikirana owuma pamadzi osungira madzi ndi kukhuthala, fluidity, workability, air-entraining effect, ndi mphamvu ya matope osakaniza owuma amawunikiridwa. Ndi bwino kuposa etha imodzi; njira yachitukuko yogwiritsira ntchito cellulose ether mumatope osakaniza owuma akuyembekezeka.

Mawu ofunikira:cellulose ether; matope osakaniza owuma; ether imodzi; osakaniza ether

Mtondo wachikhalidwe uli ndi zovuta monga kung'ambika kosavuta, kutuluka magazi, kusagwira bwino ntchito, kuwononga chilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasinthidwa ndi matope osakanizika. Mtondo wowuma, womwe umadziwikanso kuti matope osakanikirana (wouma), zinthu za ufa wowuma, kusakaniza kouma, matope owuma, matope osakaniza, ndi matope osakanizidwa osakanizidwa popanda kusakaniza madzi. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kukhuthala, emulsification, kuyimitsidwa, kupanga filimu, colloid yoteteza, kusunga chinyezi, ndi kumamatira, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusakaniza mumatope osakaniza owuma.

Pepalali likuwonetsa ubwino, kuipa ndi kakulidwe ka cellulose ether pakugwiritsa ntchito matope osakanikirana.

1. Makhalidwe a matope osakaniza owuma

Malingana ndi zofunikira zomanga, matope osakaniza owuma angagwiritsidwe ntchito atatha kuyeza molondola ndi kusakaniza mokwanira mu msonkhano wopangira, ndiyeno amasakanizidwa ndi madzi pamalo omanga malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha madzi-simenti. Poyerekeza ndi matope achikhalidwe, matope osakanizika ali ndi izi:①Ubwino wabwino kwambiri, matope osakanizika owuma amapangidwa molingana ndi chilinganizo cha sayansi, makina akuluakulu, ophatikizidwa ndi zosakaniza zoyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapadera;②Zosiyanasiyana Zochuluka, matope osiyanasiyana amatha kupangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana;③Ntchito yomanga yabwino, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwapula, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa gawo lapansi chisanadze kunyowetsa ndi kukonza kuthirira kotsatira;④Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ingowonjezerani madzi ndi kusonkhezera, yosavuta kunyamula ndi kusunga, yabwino pakuwongolera zomangamanga;⑤chitetezo chobiriwira ndi chilengedwe, palibe fumbi pamalo omanga, palibe milu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe;⑥matope osakanizika achuma amapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mosayenera chifukwa cha zosakaniza zomveka, ndipo ndi oyenera kumango Kumanga kumafupikitsa nthawi yomanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama zomanga.

Cellulose ether ndi chinthu chofunikira chophatikizira chamatope owuma. Ma cellulose ether amatha kupanga khola la calcium-silicate-hydroxide (CSH) ndi mchenga ndi simenti kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za zida zatsopano zamatope.

2. Ma cellulose ether monga osakaniza

Cellulose ether ndi kusinthidwa chilengedwe polima imene maatomu haidrojeni pa gulu hydroxyl mu mapadi structural unit m'malo ndi magulu ena. Mtundu, kuchuluka ndi kugawa kwa magulu olowa m'malo mwa cellulose unyolo waukulu zimatsimikizira mtundu ndi chilengedwe.

Gulu la hydroxyl pa cellulose ether molecular chain limapanga ma intermolecular oxygen bonds, omwe amatha kusintha kufananiza ndi kukwanira kwa simenti ya simenti; kuonjezera kugwirizana kwa matope, kusintha rheology ndi compressibility matope; kuonjezera kukana kwa matope; Kulowetsa mpweya, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yamatope.

2.1 Kugwiritsa ntchito carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ndi ionic madzi sungunuka single cellulose ether, ndipo mchere wake wa sodium nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koyera CMC ndi woyera kapena wamkaka woyera fibrous ufa kapena granules, fungo ndi zosakoma. Zizindikiro zazikulu zoyezera mtundu wa CMC ndi digiri ya m'malo (DS) ndi kukhuthala, kuwonekera komanso kukhazikika kwa yankho.

Pambuyo powonjezera CMC mumatope, imakhala ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino komanso zosungira madzi, ndipo kukhuthala kumatengera kulemera kwake kwa maselo ndi kuchuluka kwake m'malo. Pambuyo powonjezera CMC kwa maola 48, zidayesedwa kuti mayamwidwe amadzi amtundu wamatope adatsika. Kutsika kwa mayamwidwe amadzi, kumapangitsanso kuti madzi asungidwe; Kusungirako madzi kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa CMC yowonjezera. Chifukwa cha momwe madzi amasungira bwino, amatha kuonetsetsa kuti matope osakaniza owuma samatulutsa magazi kapena kupatukana. Pakalipano, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati anti-scouring wothandizira m'madamu, ma docks, milatho ndi nyumba zina, zomwe zingachepetse mphamvu ya madzi pa simenti ndi ma aggregates abwino ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

CMC ndi ionic pawiri ndipo imakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pa simenti, apo ayi imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi Ca (OH) 2 yosungunuka mu simenti itasakanizidwa mu slurry ya simenti kuti ipange calcium carboxymethylcellulose osasungunuka ndikutaya kukhuthala kwake, kumachepetsa kwambiri ntchito yosunga madzi. CMC yawonongeka; kukana kwa enzyme kwa CMC ndikotsika.

2.2 Kugwiritsa ntchito kwahydroxyethyl cellulosendi hydroxypropyl cellulose

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) ndi non-ionic madzi sungunuka single cellulose ethers ndi kukana mchere wambiri. HEC imakhala yokhazikika kutentha; mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi ozizira ndi otentha; pamene pH mtengo ndi 2-12, kukhuthala kumasintha pang'ono. HPC imasungunuka m'madzi osakwana 40°C ndi zambiri zosungunulira polar. Ili ndi thermoplasticity ndi ntchito yapamtunda. Kukwera kwa digiri ya m'malo, kumachepetsa kutentha kwa madzi momwe HPC imatha kusungunuka.

Pamene kuchuluka kwa HEC kuwonjezeredwa ku matope kumawonjezeka, mphamvu yopondereza, mphamvu zowonongeka ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa matope kumachepa kwa nthawi yochepa, ndipo ntchitoyo imasintha pang'ono pakapita nthawi. HEC imakhudzanso kugawidwa kwa pores mumatope. Pambuyo powonjezera HPC ku matope, porosity ya matope imakhala yochepa kwambiri, ndipo madzi ofunikira amachepetsedwa, motero amachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa matope. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, HPC iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi plasticizer kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yamatope.

2.3 Kugwiritsa ntchito methyl cellulose

Methylcellulose (MC) ndi non-ionic single cellulose ether, yomwe imatha kumwazikana ndikutupa m'madzi otentha pa 80-90.°C, ndi kusungunula mwamsanga pambuyo pozizira. Njira yamadzimadzi ya MC imatha kupanga gel osakaniza. Ikatenthedwa, MC sichisungunuka m'madzi kupanga gel osakaniza, ndipo ikazizira, gel osakaniza amasungunuka. Chodabwitsa ichi ndi chosinthika kwathunthu. Pambuyo powonjezera MC mumatope, kusungirako madzi mwachiwonekere kumakhala bwino. Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa MC kumadalira kukhuthala kwake, kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa, ubwino, ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kuonjezera MC kungapangitse katundu wotsutsa-sagging wa matope; kupititsa patsogolo mafuta ndi kufanana kwa particles omwazikana, kupanga matope osalala ndi yunifolomu, zotsatira za troweling ndi kusalaza ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndi ntchito bwino.

Kuchuluka kwa MC yowonjezeredwa kumakhudza kwambiri matope. Pamene MC zili zazikulu kuposa 2%, mphamvu ya matope imachepetsedwa kukhala theka la choyambirira. Mphamvu yosungira madzi imawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala kwa MC, koma pamene kukhuthala kwa MC kufika pamtengo wina, kusungunuka kwa MC kumachepa, kusungirako madzi sikumasintha kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yomanga imachepa.

2.4 Kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxyethylmethylcellulose ndi hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

Ether imodzi imakhala ndi zovuta za dispersibility osauka, agglomeration ndi kuuma mofulumira pamene ndalama zowonjezera zimakhala zochepa, ndi voids zambiri mumatope pamene ndalama zowonjezera zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo kuuma kwa konkire kumawonongeka; chifukwa chake, kugwirira ntchito, mphamvu zopondereza, ndi mphamvu zosunthika Kuchitako sikoyenera. Ma ether osakanikirana angagonjetse zophophonya za ether imodzi kumlingo wakutiwakuti; ndalama zowonjezeredwa ndizocheperapo za ether imodzi.

Hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) ndi hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) ndi ma nonionic osakanikirana a cellulose ether omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya ether iliyonse yolowa m'malo mwa cellulose.

Maonekedwe a HEMC ndi oyera, oyera-oyera ufa kapena granule, opanda fungo komanso osakoma, hygroscopic, osasungunuka m'madzi otentha. Kusungunuka sikukhudzidwa ndi mtengo wa pH (wofanana ndi MC), koma chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa magulu a hydroxyethyl pa unyolo wa molekyulu, HEMC ili ndi kulolerana kwa mchere wambiri kuposa MC, imakhala yosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi, ndipo imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa condensation. HEMC ili ndi madzi osungira madzi amphamvu kuposa MC; kukhazikika kwa viscosity, mildew resistance, ndi dispersibility ndizolimba kuposa HEC.

HPMC ndi ufa woyera kapena wosayera, wopanda poizoni, wosakoma komanso wopanda fungo. Ntchito ya HPMC yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi yosiyana kwambiri. HPMC imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira kukhala omveka bwino kapena pang'ono turbid colloidal solution, sungunuka mu zosungunulira zina za organic, komanso sungunuka m'madzi. Zosungunulira zosakaniza za organic solvents, monga Mowa mu gawo loyenera, m'madzi. Yankho lamadzimadzi liri ndi makhalidwe a ntchito yapamwamba, yowonekera kwambiri komanso yokhazikika. Kutha kwa HPMC m'madzi sikukhudzidwanso ndi pH. Kusungunuka kumasiyanasiyana ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kutsika kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kumapangitsanso kusungunuka. Ndi kuchepa kwa methoxyl mu mamolekyu a HPMC, gel point ya HPMC imawonjezeka, kusungunuka kwa madzi kumachepa, ndipo ntchito yapamtunda imachepanso. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe omwe amafanana ndi ma cellulose ethers, HPMC ilinso ndi kukana kwa mchere wabwino, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, kukana kwa ma enzyme, komanso kufalikira kwakukulu.

Ntchito zazikulu za HEMC ndi HPMC mumatope osakaniza ndi awa.①Kusunga madzi bwino. HEMC ndi HPMC akhoza kuonetsetsa kuti matope sangabweretse mavuto monga mchenga, ufa ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi ndi simenti yosakwanira hydration. Limbikitsani kufanana, kugwira ntchito ndi kuumitsa kwazinthu. Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC anawonjezera ndi wamkulu kuposa 0.08%, zokolola kupsyinjika ndi pulasitiki mamasukidwe akayendedwe a matope komanso kuwonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa HPMC.②Monga wothandizira mpweya. Pamene zomwe zili mu HEMC ndi HPMC ndi 0.5%, zomwe zili ndi mpweya ndizokulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 55%. The flexural mphamvu ndi compressive mphamvu ya matope.③Limbikitsani magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikizika kwa HEMC ndi HPMC kumathandizira kuyika matope osanjikiza pang'ono ndikuyika matope opaka pulasitala.

HEMC ndi HPMC zimatha kuchedwetsa hydration ya tinthu tamatope, DS ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza hydration, ndipo zotsatira za methoxyl pakuchedwetsa hydration zimakhala zazikulu kuposa za hydroxyethyl ndi hydroxypropyl.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ether ya cellulose imakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri pa ntchito ya matope, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito yabwino ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, koma idzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Kuchita kwa matope osakaniza owuma poyamba kumagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa cellulose ether, ndipo ether ya cellulose yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikugwirizananso ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka ndi dongosolo la kuwonjezera. Muzogwiritsira ntchito, mtundu umodzi wa cellulose ether ukhoza kusankhidwa, kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cellulose ether ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi.

3. Maonekedwe

Kukula kofulumira kwa matope osakaniza owuma kumapereka mwayi ndi zovuta pa chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether. Ofufuza ndi opanga ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kuti apititse patsogolo luso lawo, ndikugwira ntchito molimbika kuti awonjezere mitundu ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwazinthu. Ngakhale kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito matope osakaniza owuma, zakhala zikudutsa mumsika wa cellulose ether.