Cellulose Ether Technologies for Organic Wastewater Treatment

Zinyalalamadzi mumakampani a cellulose ether amakhala makamaka zosungunulira za organic monga toluene, oliticol, isopate, ndi acetone. Kuchepetsa zosungunulira za organic popanga ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi chinthu chosapeŵeka pakupanga kwaukhondo. Monga bizinesi yodalirika, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya ndi zofunikanso kuteteza chilengedwe ndipo ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa. Kafukufuku wokhudza kutayika kwa zosungunulira ndikubwezeretsanso mumakampani a cellulose ether ndi mutu wofunikira. Wolembayo adafufuza kafukufuku wina wa kutayika kwa zosungunulira ndi kukonzanso popanga fibrin ether, ndipo adapeza zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito yeniyeni.

Mawu osakira: cellulose ether: zosungunulira zobwezeretsanso: mpweya wotulutsa mpweya; chitetezo

Organic solvents ndi mafakitale okhala ndi mafakitale ambiri amafuta amafuta, mankhwala opangira mankhwala, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena. Zosungunulira za organic nthawi zambiri sizimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawiyikupanga cellulose ether. Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsanso mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chobwezeretsanso zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zitheke. Zosungunulira zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga ngati mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (womwe umatchedwa VOC). VOC imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwachindunji kwa thanzi la anthu, kulepheretsa zosungunulira izi kuti zisasunthike pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, kubwezeretsanso Zinthu kuti zikwaniritse mpweya wochepa wa mpweya komanso zachilengedwe zoyera.

1. Kuwonongeka ndi njira wamba yobwezeretsanso zosungunulira za organic

1.1 Kuwonongeka kwa zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Zosungunulira zazikulu za organic pakupanga cellulose ether zimaphatikizapo toluene, isopropanol, olite, acetone, etc. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zosungunulira za poizoni, monga dermopine. Kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuchitika mu neurasthenia syndrome, hepatoblasty, ndi kusakhazikika kwa msambo kwa ogwira ntchito achikazi. N'zosavuta chifukwa youma khungu, akulimbana, dermatitis. Imakwiyitsa khungu ndi mucous nembanemba, ndipo imakhala ndi anesthesia yapakati pa mitsempha. Mpweya wa isopropanol uli ndi vuto lalikulu la anesthesia, lomwe limakhudza kwambiri mucosa wa diso ndi kupuma, ndipo likhoza kuwononga retina ndi mitsempha ya optic. Mphamvu ya anesthesia ya acetone pakatikati yamanjenje imakhala ndi kutopa, nseru, komanso chizungulire. Woopsa milandu, kusanza, kuphipha, ndipo ngakhale chikomokere. Zimakwiyitsa maso, mphuno, ndi mmero. Kulumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali ndi chizungulire, kutentha thupi, pharyngitis, bronchitis, kutopa, ndi chisangalalo.

1.2 Njira zobwezeretsanso zopangira organic zosungunulira zimatulutsa mpweya

Njira yabwino yothetsera mpweya wosungunulira ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa zosungunulira kuchokera kugwero. Kutayika kosalephereka kungabwezedwe kokha ndi zosungunulira zomwe zingatheke. Pakalipano, njira yobwezeretsa zosungunulira mankhwala ndi okhwima ndi odalirika. Zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano mu gasi wonyansa ndi: Njira yolumikizira, njira yoyamwitsa, njira yotsatsira.

Njira ya condensation ndiyo njira yosavuta yobwezeretsanso. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndiyo kuziziritsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti kutentha kukhale kocheperako kusiyana ndi kutentha kwa mame a zinthu zamoyo, kusungunula zinthu zamoyozo kukhala dontho, losiyana kwambiri ndi mpweya wotuluka, ndikuubwezeretsanso.

Njira yoyamwitsa ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chotsitsa chamadzimadzi kuti mulumikizane mwachindunji ndi mpweya wotulutsa kuti muchotse zinthu zamoyo ku gasi wotulutsa. Mayamwidwewo amagawidwa m'mayamwidwe akuthupi ndi mayamwidwe amankhwala. Kubwezeretsa zosungunulira ndiko kuyamwa thupi, ndipo zoyamwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi madzi, dizilo, palafini kapena zosungunulira zina. Zinthu zilizonse za organic zomwe zimasungunuka mu chotengera zimatha kusamutsidwa kuchokera ku gawo la mpweya kupita ku gawo lamadzimadzi, ndipo mayamwidwe amadzimadzi amatha kuthandizidwanso. Nthawi zambiri, distillation yoyengedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa zosungunulira.

Njira ya adsorption pakali pano ikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonjezera wa zosungunulira. Mfundo ndikugwira organic zinthu mu mpweya utsi pogwiritsa ntchito porous dongosolo la yogwira mpweya kapena activated mpweya CHIKWANGWANI. Pamene mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umayendetsedwa ndi bedi la adsorption, zinthu zamoyo zimayikidwa pabedi, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umayeretsedwa. Pamene adsorbent adsorption ikufika podzaza, mpweya wa madzi (kapena mpweya wotentha) umadutsa kutenthetsa bedi loyamwa, kukonzanso adsorbent, zinthu zamoyo zimawombedwa ndikumasulidwa, ndipo kusakaniza kwa nthunzi kumapangidwa ndi nthunzi yamadzi (kapena mpweya wotentha). ). Essence Kuziziritsa kusakaniza kwa nthunzi ndi condenser kuti ipangike kukhala madzi. Zosungunulira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito distillation yamaganizo kapena olekanitsa malinga ndi njira yamadzi.

2. Kupanga ndi kubwezerezedwanso kwa mpweya wosungunulira wa organic popanga cellulose ether

2.1 Kutulutsa mpweya wosungunulira wa organic

Kutayika kwa zosungunulira pakupanga ma cellulose ether kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amadzi onyansa komanso mpweya wotayirira. Zotsalira zolimba ndizochepa, ndipo kutayika kwa gawo la madzi kumakhala gawo lamadzi otayira. Low - otentha mfundo zosungunulira n`zosavuta kutaya mu gawo madzi, koma imfa ya otsika - otentha mfundo zosungunulira ambiri ayenera zochokera mpweya gawo. Kutaya mphamvu makamaka ndi decompression distillation, reaction, centrifugal, vacuum, etc. zambiri motere:

(1) Chosungunulira chimapangitsa "kupuma" kutaya pamene kusungidwa mu thanki yosungirako.

(2) Zosungunulira zotentha zotsika zimakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu panthawi yopuma, kumtunda kwa vacuum, nthawi yayitali, kutayika kwakukulu; kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu amadzi, mapampu amtundu wa W -vacuum kapena makina a mphete amadzimadzi adzawononga kwambiri chifukwa cha mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.

(3) Zotayika mu ndondomeko ya centrifugation, kuchuluka kwa zosungunulira utsi mpweya amalowa chilengedwe pa centrifugal fyuluta kulekana.

(4) Zotayika zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa distillation ya decompression.

(5) Pankhani ya madzi otsalira kapena anaikira kwambiri povutirapo, ena solvents mu distillation zotsalira si zobwezerezedwanso.

(6) Kusakwanira kwa gasi wochuluka chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika makina obwezeretsanso.

2.2 Njira yobwezeretsanso gasi wosungunulira wa organic

(1) Zosungunulira monga matanki osungiramo matanki. Tengani kutentha kuti muchepetse kupuma, ndikulumikiza zosindikizira za nayitrogeni ndi zosungunulira zomwezo kuti musatayike. Pambuyo condensation wa mchira mpweya akulowa yobwezeretsanso dongosolo pambuyo condensing, izo bwino amapewa zotayika pa mkulu - ndende zosungunulira yosungirako.

(2) Vacuum system cyclic aeration ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala za gasi mu vacuum system. Vuto la vacuum limasinthidwanso ndi condenser ndikubwezeredwa ndi njira zitatu zobwezeretsanso.

(3) Popanga mankhwala, zosungunulira zomwe zimatsekedwa kuti zichepetse njirayi zilibe mpweya wa minofu. Madzi otayira omwe ali ndi madzi otayira ochuluka kwambiri okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi oyipa amathiridwa ndikubwezeretsanso mpweya wotulutsa. Zosungunulira za tchuthi.

(4) Kuwongolera mosamalitsa zochitika zobwezerezedwanso, kapena kutengera kapangidwe ka tanki yachiwiri kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa gasi.

2.3 Mawu oyamba a activated carbon recycling of low-concentration organic solvent utsi mpweya

Mapaipi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi mapaipi otulutsa mpweya wocheperako amalowetsedwa koyamba mu bedi la kaboni lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kale. Chosungunuliracho chimamangiriridwa ku carbon activated, ndipo mpweya woyeretsedwa umatulutsidwa pansi pa bedi la adsorption. Bedi la kaboni lokhala ndi adsorption saturation limapangidwa ndi nthunzi yotsika. Nthunzi imalowa pansi pa kama. Kuwoloka carbon activated, adsorbent solvent imamangirizidwa ndikutulutsidwa mu bedi la carbon kuti ilowe mu condenser: mu condenser, zosungunulira ndi madzi osakaniza nthunzi amafupikitsidwa ndikuthamangira mu thanki yosungirako. Kukhazikika kumakhala pafupifupi 25 o / O mpaka 50%, pambuyo pa distillation kapena olekanitsa. Pambuyo polumikizana ndi bedi la makala ndikuyambiranso mwa kuyanika, kusintha kwa adsorption kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza ntchito. Ntchito yonse imayenda mosalekeza. Kuti apititse patsogolo kuchira, zitini zitatu zamtundu wachiwiri wa tandem zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

2.4 Malamulo a Chitetezo pakubwezeretsanso gasi wa organic

(1) Mapangidwe, kupanga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira mpweya ndi chubu cholumikizira ndi nthunzi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GBL50. Pamwamba pa chidebe choyamwa kaboni chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi choyezera kuthamanga, chipangizo chochotsera chitetezo (valavu yachitetezo kapena mapiritsi ophulitsira Chipangizo). Kupanga, kupanga, kugwira ntchito, ndi kuyang'anira chipangizo chothamangitsira chitetezo chikuyenera kutsatira zomwe "mapangidwe ndi kuwerengetsa mawerengedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi kuwerengera kwachitetezo ndi kapangidwe ka mavavu asanu achitetezo ndi piritsi yophulitsa. "Malamulo oyang'anira chitetezo cham'chombo chokakamiza. “

(2) Chida chozizira chodzizira chokha chiyenera kuperekedwa mu cholumikizira chotengera mpweya. The activated carbon suction attachment gas inlet and export and adsorbent iyenera kukhala ndi malo oyezera kutentha angapo ndi chowongolera kutentha chofananira, chomwe chimasonyeza kutentha nthawi iliyonse. Kutentha kukakhala kotentha kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo tulutsani chizindikiro cha alarm ndikuyatsa chipangizo choziziritsa. I'HJPE ya mfundo ziwiri zoyezera kutentha sikuposa 1 m, ndipo mtunda pakati pa malo oyesera ndi khoma lakunja la chipangizocho uyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 60 cm.

(3) Chojambulira cha gasi chojambulira mpweya wa mpweya woyamwa mpweya chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti chizindikire kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa gasi nthawi zonse. Pamene kuchuluka kwa gasi wotumizidwa kunja kupitilira mtengo wokhazikika, kuyenera kuyimitsidwa: kutsatsa komanso kudabwitsa. Pamene nthunzi ili ndi mizere, chitoliro chochotsera chitetezo chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazida monga condenser, cholekanitsa madzi a gasi, ndi thanki yosungiramo madzi. Zoyezera mpweya ziyenera kuyikidwa panjira yolowera ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mpweya wolowera ndi kutumiza kunja kuti zitsimikizire kukana kwa mpweya (kutsika kwamphamvu) kwa adsorbent kuteteza chingwe cha gasi kuti chisatuluke ndi mpweya wabwino.

(4) The solvents ayenera kumenyedwa ndi chitoliro mpweya ndi mpweya -gawo ndende Alamu mu mpweya chitoliro mu mlengalenga. Zinyalala activated carbon imakonzedwa molingana ndi zinyalala zowopsa. Magetsi ndi zida zimatulutsa kapangidwe kamene kamaphulika.

(5) Chosungunulira chimatchedwa njira zitatu zolowera kumalo otsekera moto kuti muwonjezere mpweya wabwino mukalumikizidwa ndi gawo lililonse lobwezeretsanso.

(6) The zosungunulira akuchira mapaipi a payipi aliyense kulumikiza mpweya utsi wa otsika-ndende kuchepetsa madzi magawo mmene ndingathere kupewa mwachindunji kupeza mkulu ndende utsi mpweya.

(7) Mapaipi a zosungunulira zosungunulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma electrostatic exporting, ndipo nayitrogeni yoyimitsa unyolo imayimbidwa ndipo kudula kwadongosolo kumadulidwa ndi alamu ya msonkhano.

3. Mapeto

Mwachidule, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa zosungunulira pakupanga nyama ya ng'ombe ya cellulose ether ndikuchepetsa ndalama, komanso ndi gawo lofunikira kuti anthu azitha kuteteza zachilengedwe ndikusunga thanzi la ogwira ntchito. Mwa kuyenga kusanthula kusanthula kwa zosungunulira zosungunulira, miyeso yofananira kuti muwonjezere mpweya wosungunulira; ndiye kuti mphamvu yobwezeretsanso mphamvu yobwezeretsa imakongoletsedwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka chipangizo chobwezeretsanso mpweya: Chiwopsezo cha Chitetezo. Kuti muwonjezere phindu pamaziko a chitetezo.