Cellulose ether ndi latex ufa mumtondo wamalonda

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha matope amalonda kunyumba ndi kunja akufotokozedwa mwachidule, ndipo ntchito za ufa wowuma wa polima, cellulose ether ndi latex ufa, mumatope osakaniza osakaniza amakambidwa, kuphatikizapo kusunga madzi, kuyamwa kwa madzi a capillary, ndi mphamvu yosinthasintha ya matope. , compressive mphamvu, zotanuka modulus, ndi chikoka cha chomangira kumakanika mphamvu ya zosiyanasiyana kutentha kuchiritsa chilengedwe.

Mawu ofunikira: matope amalonda; mbiri yachitukuko; thupi ndi makina katundu; cellulose ether; latex ufa; zotsatira

Dothi lazamalonda liyenera kukhala ndi chitukuko choyambira, kutukuka komanso kuchulukira monga konkriti yamalonda. Wolembayo adapempha mu "China Building Equipment" mu 1995 kuti chitukuko ndi kukwezedwa ku China zikhoza kukhala zongopeka, koma lero, matope amalonda amadziwika ndi anthu ogwira ntchito ngati konkire yamalonda, ndipo kupanga ku China kwayamba kupanga. . Inde, akadali a ukhanda. Mtondo wamalonda umagawidwa m'magulu awiri: matope osakaniza (ouma) ndi matope okonzeka osakaniza. Mtondo wosakanizidwa (wouma) umadziwikanso kuti ufa wowuma, kusakaniza kowuma, matope a ufa wouma kapena matope osakaniza. Zimapangidwa ndi cementitious zipangizo, aggregates zabwino, admixtures ndi zipangizo zina zolimba. Ndi matope otha kumaliza opangidwa ndi zosakaniza zolondola ndi kusakaniza yunifolomu mu fakitale, popanda kusakaniza madzi. Kusakaniza madzi kumawonjezeredwa pamene mukugwedeza pamalo omanga musanagwiritse ntchito. Mosiyana ndi matope osakanizidwa (ouma), matope okonzeka okonzeka amatanthauza matope omwe amasakanizidwa kwathunthu mu fakitale, kuphatikizapo madzi osakaniza. Mtondo uwu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pamene watumizidwa kumalo omanga.

China idapanga mwamphamvu matope amalonda kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Masiku ano, zapanga mazana a mafakitale opanga, ndipo opanga amagawidwa makamaka ku Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou ndi madera ozungulira. Shanghai ndi malo omwe adapanga matope azinthu kale. Mu 2000, Shanghai idalengeza ndikukhazikitsa mulingo waku Shanghai "Malangizo aukadaulo Opanga ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Tondo Wouma" ndi "Malangizo aukadaulo Opanga ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Tondo Wosakanizika". The Notice on Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Mortar, ikunena momveka bwino kuti kuyambira 2003 kupita mtsogolo, ntchito zonse zomanga zatsopano mkati mwa Ring Road zidzagwiritsa ntchito matope osakanikirana (zamalonda), ndipo kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2004, ntchito zonse zomanga zatsopano ku Shanghai zidzachitika. gwiritsani ntchito matope osakanikirana (ochita malonda). ) matope, omwe ndi ndondomeko yoyamba ndi malamulo m'dziko langa kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito matope okonzeka osakaniza (zamtengo wapatali). Mu Januwale 2003, "Shanghai Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Mortar Product Certification Management Measures" idalengezedwa, yomwe idakhazikitsa kasamalidwe ka certification ndi kasamalidwe ka chivomerezo chamatope okonzeka osakanikirana (zamalonda), ndikuwunikira mabizinesi amatope okonzeka osakanikirana (zamalonda). ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zaukadaulo ndi zofunikira zasayansi. Mu Seputembara 2004, Shanghai idapereka "Chidziwitso cha Malamulo Angapo pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Tondo Wokonzeka-Kusakaniza mu Ntchito Zomanga ku Shanghai". Beijing yalengezanso ndikukhazikitsa "Technical Regulations for Production and Application of Commodity Mortar". Guangzhou ndi Shenzhen akupanganso ndikugwiritsa ntchito "Malangizo Aukadaulo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Dothi Lowuma" ndi "Malangizo aukadaulo pakugwiritsa ntchito matope osakaniza okonzeka".

Ndi chitukuko chochulukira cha kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matope owuma, mu 2002, China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association idachita msonkhano wamatope wosakanizika. Mu Epulo 2004, bungwe la China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association linakhazikitsa komiti ya akatswiri amatope osakanizika. Mu Juni ndi Seputembala chaka chomwecho, masemina aukadaulo aukadaulo adziko lonse komanso apadziko lonse lapansi adachitika ku Shanghai ndi Beijing motsatana. Mu March 2005, ndi Zida Nthambi ya China Construction Makampani Association nawonso nkhani dziko lonse pa zomangamanga youma wothira matope luso ndi msonkhano kusinthana kwa Kukwezeleza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri watsopano ndi zinthu zatsopano. Nthambi ya Zida Zomangira ya bungwe la Architectural Society of China ikukonzekera kuchita msonkhano wa National Academic Exchange Conference on Commodity Mortar mu November 2005.

Monga konkire yamalonda, matope amalonda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apakati pakupanga ndi kuphatikizika kogwirizana, komwe kungapangitse mikhalidwe yabwino yotengera matekinoloje atsopano ndi zida, kugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kokhazikika, kukonza njira zomangira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino. Kupambana kwa matope amalonda pankhani ya khalidwe, mphamvu, chuma ndi kuteteza chilengedwe ndizomwe zimayembekezeredwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, zakhala zikuwonetsedwa mowonjezereka ndipo zikudziwika pang'onopang'ono. Wolembayo wakhala akukhulupirira kuti kupambana kwa matope amalonda kungafotokozedwe mwachidule m'mawu anayi: ambiri, ofulumira, abwino, ndi achuma; Kuthamanga kumatanthauza kukonzekera kwazinthu mwachangu komanso kumanga mwachangu; zitatu zabwino ndi kusunga madzi abwino, ntchito yabwino, ndi kupirira kwabwino; zigawo zinayi ndizopulumutsa ntchito, zosunga chuma, zosunga ndalama, komanso zopanda nkhawa). Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito matope amalonda kumatha kukwaniritsa zomanga zotukuka, kuchepetsa malo osungira zinthu, ndikupewa kuwulutsa fumbi, potero kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe ndikuteteza mawonekedwe a mzinda.

Kusiyanitsa ndi konkire yamalonda ndikuti matope amalonda nthawi zambiri amakhala osakanikirana (ouma) matope, omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba, ndipo osakaniza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ufa wolimba. Mafuta opangidwa ndi polima nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma polima owuma. Mitondo ina yosakanizidwa (youma) imasakanizidwa ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri ya ufa wowuma wa polima, ndipo mitundu ina yowuma ya polima imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikutenga mtundu umodzi wa cellulose ether ndi mtundu umodzi wa ufa wa latex monga zitsanzo kuti ziwonetsere ntchito ya polima ufa wouma mumatope osakaniza (wouma). Ndipotu, zotsatirazi ndizoyenera matope aliwonse amalonda kuphatikizapo matope okonzeka osakaniza.

1. Kusunga madzi

Mphamvu yosungira madzi mumatope imawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi. Mlingo wosungira madzi umatanthawuza chiŵerengero cha madzi osungidwa ndi matope atsopano osakanikirana pambuyo poti pepala losefa litenga madzi kumadzi. Kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu za cellulose ether kumatha kusintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope atsopano. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex kungathenso kusintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope osakanikirana, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa za cellulose ether. Ma cellulose ether ndi latex powder akaphatikizidwa pamodzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope osakanikirana ndi apamwamba kuposa matope osakanikirana ndi cellulose ether kapena latex powder okha. Mlingo wosungira madzi pakusakanikirana kophatikizana kwenikweni ndiko kuphatikizika kwa kusakanikirana kumodzi kwa polima imodzi.

2. Mayamwidwe a capillary madzi

Kuchokera paubwenzi pakati pa mayamwidwe amadzi amtondo ndi zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, zitha kuwoneka kuti pambuyo powonjezera cellulose ether, capillary water mayamwidwe coefficient a matope amakhala ang'onoang'ono, ndipo pakuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether, Mayamwidwe a madzi a matope osinthidwa amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono. Wamng'ono. Kuchokera paubwenzi pakati pa coefficient ya madzi a mayamwidwe a matope ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti mutatha kuwonjezera ufa wa latex, capillary madzi absorption coefficient of mortar amakhalanso ochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kuyamwa kwamadzi mumatope kumachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex.

3. Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu

Kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether kumachepetsa mphamvu yosinthika ya matope. Kuphatikizika kwa ufa wa latex kumawonjezera mphamvu yosinthika ya matope. Latex ufa ndi cellulose ether zimaphatikizidwa, ndipo mphamvu yosinthika ya matope osinthidwa samasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zamagulu awiriwo.

4. Compressive mphamvu

Mofanana ndi zotsatira za flexural mphamvu ya matope, kuwonjezera kwa cellulose ether kumachepetsa mphamvu yopondereza ya matope, ndipo kuchepetsa kumakhala kwakukulu. Koma pamene zili mu cellulose ether kuposa mtengo wina, compressive mphamvu ya matope kusinthidwa sadzasintha kwambiri.

Pamene ufa wa latex umasakanizidwa wokha, mphamvu yopondereza ya matope osinthidwa imasonyezanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ufa wa latex. Latex ufa ndi cellulose ether zikuphatikizidwa, ndi kusintha kwa latex ufa wokhutira, kuchepa kwa matope compressive mphamvu mtengo ndi pang'ono.

5. Modulus ya elasticity

Mofanana ndi zotsatira za cellulose etha pa mphamvu yosinthika yamatope, kuwonjezera kwa mapalo etere kumachepetsa mphamvu ya matope, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa cellulose ether, mphamvu ya modulus yamatope imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Pamene zomwe zili mu cellulose ether ndi zazikulu, modulus yamatope amasintha pang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa matope amphamvu a modulus okhala ndi latex powder content ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu yamatope yoponderezedwa ndi latex powder content. Pamene ufa wa latex umawonjezedwa wokha, modulus yosinthika ya matope osinthidwa imasonyezanso chikhalidwe cha kuchepa koyamba ndikuwonjezeka pang'ono, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kumachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ufa wa latex. Pamene ufa wa latex ndi cellulose ether akuphatikizidwa, modulus yamphamvu ya matope amatha kuchepa pang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ufa wa latex, koma kusintha kwakukulu sikuli kwakukulu.

6. Bond kumakoka mphamvu

Machiritso osiyanasiyana (chikhalidwe cha mpweya - chochiritsidwa mu mpweya wabwino kwa masiku 28; chikhalidwe chosakanikirana - chochiritsidwa mu mpweya wabwino kwa masiku 7, ndikutsatiridwa ndi masiku 21 m'madzi; chikhalidwe chosakanikirana ndi chikhalidwe chozizira kwa masiku 28, kenako 25 ; kutentha chikhalidwe-mpweya chikhalidwe kwa masiku 14 Pambuyo kuziyika pa 70°C kwa 7d), ubale wapakati pa mphamvu yomangika ya matope ndi kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kuwonjezera kwa cellulose ether ndikopindulitsa pakuwongolera mphamvu yomangika ya simenti; komabe, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomangika zomangika kumakhala kosiyana pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zochiritsa. Pambuyo pophatikiza 3% latex ufa, mphamvu yomangirira yolumikizana pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zamachiritso imatha kusintha kwambiri.

Ubale pakati pa matope amphamvu olimba ndi ufa wa latex pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zochiritsa. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kuphatikizika kwa ufa wa latex kumathandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale mphamvu zowonongeka za mgwirizano wamatope, koma ndalama zowonjezera zimakhala zazikulu kuposa za cellulose ether.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chopereka cha polima ku katundu wa matope pambuyo pa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Pambuyo pa kuzizira kwa 25 kuzizira, poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa mpweya ndi mpweya ndi madzi osakaniza ochiritsira, mphamvu zomangirira zamagulu onse a matope a simenti zinachepetsedwa kwambiri. Makamaka matope wamba, mphamvu zake zomangika zatsika mpaka 0.25MPa; kwa polima ufa wouma wosinthidwa matope a simenti, ngakhale mphamvu yomangirira pambuyo pa kuzizira kozizira kwatsikanso kwambiri, idakali pafupifupi 0.5MPa pamwambapa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu cellulose ether ndi latex powder, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa matope a simenti pambuyo pa kuzizira kwa thaw kunawonetsa kuchepa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti onse a cellulose ether ndi latex ufa amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a matope a simenti aziundana, ndipo mkati mwamtundu wina wa mlingo, kuchuluka kwa ufa wouma wa polima, kumapangitsanso kuzizira kwamatope a simenti. Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa matope a simenti osinthidwa ndi cellulose ether ndi latex powder pambuyo pa kuzizira kwa thaw kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa matope a simenti omwe amasinthidwa ndi ufa wouma wa polima wokha, ndi cellulose ether Kusakanikirana ndi ufa wa latex kumapangitsa bond tensile mphamvu kutayika kwa matope a simenti ocheperako pambuyo pa kuzizira kozizira.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti pansi pa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, mphamvu yomangika ya simenti yosinthidwa imakulabe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa cellulose ether kapena latex powder content, koma poyerekeza ndi machiritso a mpweya ndi machiritso osakanikirana. Ndiwotsika kwambiri, ngakhale wocheperapo kuposa momwe amaundana. Zimasonyeza kuti kutentha kwapamwamba ndi mkhalidwe woipa kwambiri wa ntchito yomangirira. Mukasakanizidwa ndi 0-0.7% ya cellulose ether yokha, mphamvu yamatope yamatope pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu sikudutsa 0.5MPa. Pamene ufa wa latex umasakanizidwa wokha, mphamvu yogwirizanitsa mphamvu ya simenti yosinthidwa imakhala yaikulu kuposa 0.5 MPa pamene kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu (monga pafupifupi 8%). Komabe, pamene mapadi a cellulose ether ndi latex ufa akuphatikizana ndipo kuchuluka kwa ziwirizo kuli kochepa, kugwirizanitsa mphamvu ya simenti pansi pa kutentha kwapamwamba kuchiritsa kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.5 MPa. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mapadi a cellulose ether ndi latex powder amathanso kupititsa patsogolo kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zamatope pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, kotero kuti matope a simenti azikhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso kutentha kwapamwamba, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pamene ziwirizo zikuphatikizidwa.

7. Mapeto

Ntchito yomanga ku China ikukwera, ndipo ntchito yomanga nyumba ikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, kufika mamita 2 biliyoni² chaka chino, makamaka nyumba za anthu, mafakitale ndi zomangamanga zogona, ndi nyumba zogona zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, pali nyumba zambiri zakale zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa. Malingaliro atsopano, zida zatsopano, matekinoloje atsopano, ndi miyezo yatsopano ndizofunikira pomanga ndi kukonza nyumba zatsopano. Malinga ndi “Mapulani a Zaka 10 a Zaka Zisanu za Kusunga Mphamvu Zomanga mu Unduna wa Zomangamanga” lolengezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zomangamanga pa Juni 20, 2002, ntchito yosunga mphamvu yomanga munyengo ya “Mapulani Achikhumi a Zaka zisanu” iyenera kupitilirabe kupulumutsa. kumanga mphamvu ndi kukonza malo otentha a nyumbayo komanso kusintha kwa khoma. Kutengera mfundo yophatikizira, mulingo wa 50% wopulumutsa mphamvu uyenera kukwaniritsidwa m'nyumba zotenthetsera zomwe zamangidwa kumene m'mizinda yomwe ili kumadera ozizira komanso ozizira kumpoto. Zonsezi zimafuna zipangizo zothandizira. Zambiri mwazo ndi matope, kuphatikizapo matope opangira miyala, matope okonzera, matope osalowa madzi, matope otetezera kutentha, matope ophimba, matope apansi, zomatira za njerwa, zomatira za konkire, matope otsekemera, matope apadera a machitidwe otetezera khoma, etc. kuwonetsetsa kuti uinjiniya wabwino ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira zantchito, matope amalonda ayenera kupangidwa mwamphamvu. Polima youma ufa ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ndi mlingo ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi ntchito. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kozungulira, makamaka momwe zimakhudzira mgwirizano wamatope pamene nyengo ili pamwamba.