Drymix Mortar ndiye omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakumanga kwamakono. Amapangidwa ndi simenti, mchenga ndi zosakaniza. Simenti ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira simenti. Lero tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za zinthu zoyambira za drymix mortar.
Zomangamanga: Ndi zinthu zomangira zokonzedwa ndi simenti, zophatikiza bwino, zosakaniza ndi madzi molingana.
Masonry matope: Mtondo womwe umamanga njerwa, miyala, midadada ndi zina zotere umatchedwa masonry mortar. Masonry matope amatenga gawo la zomangira simenti ndi kutumiza katundu, ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira la zomangamanga.
1. Zida zopangidwa ndi matope a miyala
(1) Simenti ndi zosakaniza
Zida zopangira simenti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope amaphatikiza simenti, phala la laimu, ndi gypsum yomanga.
Gulu lamphamvu la simenti lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga matope liyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake. Mphamvu ya simenti yogwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope a simenti sayenera kupitirira 32.5; mphamvu ya simenti yogwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope osakanikirana a simenti sayenera kupitirira 42.5.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya matope ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa simenti, phala la laimu, phala ladongo kapena phulusa la ntchentche nthawi zambiri limasakanizidwa mumatope a simenti, ndipo matope okonzedwa motere amatchedwa simenti yosakaniza matope. Zidazi siziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a matope, ndipo zikakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena ma agglomerates, ziyenera kusefedwa ndi sieve ya 3 mm lalikulu dzenje. Slaked laimu ufa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji mu matope matope.
(2) Kuphatikizika bwino
Mchenga womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga matope ukhale mchenga wapakati, ndipo zomangira zinyalala zikhale mchenga wouma. Matope a mchenga sayenera kupitirira 5%. Kwa matope osakanikirana ndi simenti okhala ndi mphamvu ya M2.5, matope a mchenga sayenera kupitirira 10%.
(3) Zofunikira pazowonjezera
Monga Kuwonjezera admixtures mu konkire, kuti kusintha zina katundu matope, admixtures monga plasticizing, mphamvu oyambirira,cellulose ether, antifreeze, ndi retarding akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Nthawi zambiri, zosakaniza zamtundu uliwonse ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mitundu yawo ndi mlingo wake uyenera kuzindikirika poyesera.
(4) Zofunikira pamadzi amatope ndizofanana ndi za konkriti.
2. luso katundu wa zomangamanga matope osakaniza
(1) Kusungunuka kwamatope
Kuchita kwa matope oyenda pansi pa kulemera kwake kapena mphamvu yakunja kumatchedwa fluidity of mortar, yomwe imatchedwanso kusasinthasintha. Mlozera wosonyeza kusungunuka kwa matope ndi digiri yakumira, yomwe imayesedwa ndi mita yofanana ndi matope, ndipo gawo lake ndi mm. Kusankhidwa kwa matope osasunthika mu polojekitiyi kumatengera mtundu wa zomangamanga ndi nyengo yomanga, yomwe ingasankhidwe potchula Table 5-1 ("Code for Construction and Acceptance of Masonry Engineering" (GB51203-1998)).
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza fluidity ya matope ndi: kumwa madzi matope, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu cementitious, tinthu mawonekedwe ndi gradation wa akaphatikiza, chikhalidwe ndi mlingo wa admixture, yunifolomu kusanganikirana, etc.
(2) Kusunga madzi matope
Panthawi yoyendetsa, kuyimitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matope osakanikirana, kumalepheretsa kulekanitsa pakati pa madzi ndi zinthu zolimba, pakati pa slurry yabwino ndi kuphatikizika, komanso kuthekera kosunga madzi ndikusunga madzi amatope. Kuonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa microfoam kapena plasticizer kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kusungika kwamadzi komanso kusungunuka kwamatope. Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa matope kumayesedwa ndi mita ya matope, ndipo kumawonetsedwa ndi delamination (. Ngati delamination ndi yaikulu kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti matope amatha kusungunuka ndi kulekanitsa, zomwe sizingathandize kumanga ndi kuuma simenti. delamination mlingo wa matope matope sayenera kupitirira 3 0mm Ngati delamination ndi yaying'ono, kuyanika ming'alu shrinkage sachedwa kuchitika, kotero delamination matope sayenera kuchepera 1 0mm.
(3) Kukhazikitsa nthawi
Nthawi yokhazikitsidwa yomanga matope idzawunikidwa kutengera kukana kulowa mkati komwe kumafikira 0.5MPa. Simenti matope sayenera upambana 8 hours, ndi simenti wosakaniza matope sayenera upambana 10 hours. Pambuyo powonjezera kusakaniza, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndi zomangamanga.
3. luso katundu wa zomangamanga matope pambuyo kuumitsa
Mphamvu yopondereza ya matope imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati index yake yamphamvu. Kukula kwachitsanzo chokhazikika ndi 70.7 mm cubic specimens, gulu la zitsanzo 6, ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika mpaka masiku 28, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza (MPa) imayesedwa. Masonry matope amagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi amphamvu molingana ndi mphamvu yopondereza: M20, M15, M7.5, M5.0, ndi M2.5. Mphamvu ya matope sikuti imakhudzidwa kokha ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa matope okha, komanso kukhudzana ndi momwe madzi amayamwitsa m'munsi.
Kwa matope a simenti, njira zotsatirazi zamphamvu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza:
(1) Maziko osayamwa (monga mwala wandiweyani)
Mtsinje wosasunthika ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mphamvu ya matope, yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi konkire, ndiko kuti, imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya simenti ndi chiŵerengero cha simenti ya madzi.
(2) Maziko otengera madzi (monga njerwa zadothi ndi zinthu zina zobowola)
Izi ndichifukwa choti mazikowo amatha kuyamwa madzi. Ikayamwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungidwa mumatope kumadalira momwe madzi amasungirako, ndipo alibe chochita ndi chiŵerengero cha simenti ya madzi. Choncho, mphamvu ya matope panthawiyi imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya simenti ndi kuchuluka kwa simenti.
Mphamvu ya bond ya matope a masonry
Mtondo wa zomangamanga uyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zogwirizanitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi zomangamanga kuti zikhale zolimba. Kukula kwa mphamvu yogwirizana ya matope idzakhudza mphamvu ya kukameta ubweya, kukhazikika, kukhazikika ndi kugwedezeka kwa kugwedezeka kwa zomangamanga. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yogwirizanitsa imawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yopondereza ya matope. Kugwirizana kwa matope kumakhudzananso ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba, kuchuluka kwa kunyowa ndi machiritso a zipangizo zamatabwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-07-2022