A. Chiyambi
1.1 Mbiri
Simenti ndi gawo lofunikira lazomangamanga, zomwe zimapereka zinthu zomangira zofunika kupanga konkriti ndi matope. Ma ethers owuma omwe amachokera ku magwero achilengedwe owuma akuyamba chidwi ngati zowonjezera zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe azinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti. Kumvetsetsa kuyanjana kwa ma ethers owuma ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti ndikofunikira kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito awo ndikuwonetsetsa kulimba kwa zomanga.
1.2 Zolinga
Cholinga cha ndemangayi ndi:
Onani mitundu ndi katundu wa owuma ethers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga.
Fufuzani njira zolumikizirana pakati pa wowuma ethers ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti.
Unikani momwe ma ethers owuma amakhudza zinthu za simenti.
Zovuta ndi zothetsera zomwe zingatheke zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa starch ethers ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti akukambidwa.
B. Mitundu ya Wowuma Etha
Ethers wowuma ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochokera ku wowuma, polysaccharide yochuluka m'chilengedwe. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma ethers owuma ndi awa:
2.1 Hydroxyethyl starch ether (HEC)
HEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira madzi komanso kukhuthala, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a zosakaniza za simenti.
2.2 Hydroxypropyl starch ether (HPC)
HPC yakulitsa kukana kwamadzi, zomwe zimathandizira kulimba komanso kumamatira kwa zinthu zopangira simenti.
2.3 Carboxymethyl starch ether (CMS)
CMS imapereka mawonekedwe abwino a rheological kusakaniza kwa simenti, zomwe zimakhudza kayendedwe kake ndi mawonekedwe ake.
C. Mitundu ya simenti
Pali mitundu yambiri ya simenti, iliyonse ili ndi zinthu zinazake zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi:
3.1 Simenti Wamba ya Portland (OPC)
OPC ndiye simenti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwake pomanga.
3.2 Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
PPC ili ndi zida za pozzolanic zomwe zimawonjezera kukhazikika kwa konkriti ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
3.3 Sulfate Resistant Cement (SRC)
SRC idapangidwa kuti ikhale yolimbana ndi malo okhala ndi sulfate, motero imakulitsa kukana kuukira kwa mankhwala.
D. Njira yolumikizirana
Kugwirizana pakati pa wowuma ethers ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti kumayendetsedwa ndi njira zingapo, kuphatikiza:
4.1 Adsorption pamwamba pa particles simenti
Wowuma ethers adsorb pa tinthu tating'ono simenti, kukhudza pamwamba mtengo awo ndi kusintha rheological katundu wa simenti slurry.
4.2 Mphamvu pa hydration
Ma ethers owuma amatha kukhudza njira ya hydration pokhudza kupezeka kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa nthawi yokhazikika komanso kukula kwamphamvu kwa zida za simenti.
E. Mphamvu pa zinthu zopangira simenti
Kuphatikiza ma ether owuma muzinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zingapo:
5.1 Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito
Ma ethers owuma amawongolera magwiridwe antchito a zosakaniza za simenti powonjezera kusunga madzi ndikuchepetsa kugawanika.
5.2 Kukhazikika kokhazikika
Ma ether ena owuma amapangitsa kulimba kwawo powonjezera kukana kusweka, ma abrasion ndi kuwukira kwamankhwala.
5.3 Kusintha kwa Rheological
The rheological katundu wa simenti slurries akhoza kusinthidwa mwa mwanzeru ntchito wowuma ethers, potero zimakhudza mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi otaya katundu.
F. Mavuto ndi Mayankho
Ngakhale pali maubwino ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito ma ethers owuma, zovuta zimakhalabe pakukwaniritsa kuyanjana koyenera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti. Mavutowa ndi awa:
6.1 Kuchedwa kuyika nthawi
Ma ether ena owuma angatalikitse nthawi yokhazikika ya simenti mosadziwa, zomwe zimafuna kusintha kosamalitsa kapangidwe kake kuti ntchito yomanga ipitirirebe.
6.2 Mphamvu ya compressive mphamvu
Kulinganiza kusinthidwa kofunikira kwa rheological ndi mphamvu yoponderezedwa ndizovuta zomwe zimafunikira kuyesa kokwanira komanso kukhathamiritsa.
6.3 Kuganizira za mtengo
Mtengo wa incor perforation wa starch ethers uyenera kuwunikiridwa mosamala, poganizira zabwino zonse ndi zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo.
G. Mapeto
Mwachidule, ma ethers owuma amatenga gawo lofunikira posintha zinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti. Kugwirizana kwa ma ethers owuma ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti ndi mbali yochuluka yomwe imaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa kuyanjana kwa maselo, zotsatira zake pa hydration ndi zotsatira zake pa ntchito yomanga. Ngakhale pali zovuta, kulinganiza mosamalitsa ndi kuyesa kungathandize kuzindikira mphamvu zonse za starch ethers, kuthandizira kupanga zipangizo zolimba komanso zothandiza zogwiritsa ntchito simenti muzomangamanga. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa zovuta zinazake ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma starch ethers mu masimenti a simenti.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-05-2023