Njira yowunikira ya physicochemical properties ya cellulose ether

Gwero, kapangidwe, katundu ndi ntchito za cellulose ether zidayambitsidwa. Poganizira mayeso a physicochemical property index of cellulose ether industry standard, njira yoyengedwa kapena yowongoleredwa idayikidwa patsogolo, ndipo kuthekera kwake kudawunikidwa kudzera muzoyeserera.

Mawu ofunikira:cellulose ether; Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu; Njira yowunikira; Kufufuza moyesera

Ma cellulose ndiye ma polima achilengedwe omwe amapezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mndandanda wa zotumphukira ukhoza kupezedwa mwa kusintha kwa mankhwala a cellulose. Cellulose ether ndi mankhwala a cellulose pambuyo pa alkalization, etherification, kutsuka, kuyeretsa, kugaya, kuyanika ndi njira zina. Zida zazikulu za cellulose ether ndi thonje, kapok, nsungwi, matabwa, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakhala ndi cellulose mu thonje ndipamwamba kwambiri, mpaka 90 ~ 95%, ndizopangira zopangira ma cellulose ether, ndipo China ndi dziko lalikulu la kupanga thonje, lomwe limalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha mafakitale a China cellulose ether mpaka kufika pamlingo wina. Pakalipano, kupanga, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fiber ether kukutsogolera dziko lonse lapansi.

Ma cellulose ether m'zakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, zomangira, mapepala, ndi mafakitale ena ali ndi ntchito zambiri. Lili ndi makhalidwe a solubility, viscosity, kukhazikika, kusakhala ndi poizoni ndi biocompatibility. Mayeso a cellulose etha muyezo JCT 2190-2013, kuphatikizapo mapadi efa mawonekedwe fineness, youma kuwonda mlingo, phulusa sulphate, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, pH mtengo, transmittance ndi zizindikiro zina thupi ndi mankhwala. Komabe, pamene cellulose ether ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pa kusanthula kwa thupi ndi mankhwala, zotsatira za cellulose ether mu dongosolo lino zikhoza kuyesedwa mopitirira. Mwachitsanzo, kusungirako madzi m'makampani omangamanga, kumanga matope, ndi zina zotero; Zomatira makampani adhesives, kuyenda, etc.; Daily mankhwala makampani kuyenda, adhesion, etc. The thupi ndi mankhwala katundu wa mapadi etero kudziwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kusanthula kwathupi ndi mankhwala a cellulose ether ndikofunikira pakupanga, kukonza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Kutengera JCT 2190-2013, pepalali likupereka njira zitatu zoyenga kapena zowongolera zowunikira zinthu zama cellulose ether, ndikutsimikizira kuthekera kwawo mwa kuyesa.

1. Kuwonda kowuma

Kuyanika kuchuluka kwa kuwonda ndizomwe zimayambira kwambiri za cellulose ether, zomwe zimatchedwanso chinyezi, zokhudzana ndi zigawo zake zothandiza, alumali ndi zina zotero. Njira yoyesera yoyezetsa ndi njira yolemetsa ya uvuni: Pafupifupi zitsanzo za 5g zidayezedwa ndikuyikidwa mu botolo loyezera ndi kuya kosapitilira 5mm. Chophimba cha botolo chinayikidwa pansi mu uvuni, kapena kapu ya botolo idatsegulidwa theka ndikuumitsa pa 105 ° C ± 2 ° C kwa 2 h. Kenako kapu ya botolo idatulutsidwa ndikuzizidwa kutentha mu chowumitsira, kuyeza, ndikuumitsa mu uvuni kwa mphindi 30.

Zimatenga maola 2 ~ 3 kuti muzindikire chinyezi cha chitsanzo ndi njira iyi, ndipo chinyezi chimagwirizana ndi ma index ena ndikukonzekera yankho. Zolozera zambiri zitha kuchitidwa mayeso a chinyezi akamaliza. Choncho, njira iyi si yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, njira yopangira mafakitole ena a cellulose ether iyenera kuzindikira msanga madzi omwe ali ndi madzi, kotero kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zina kuti azindikire momwe madzi aliri, monga mita yofulumira ya chinyezi.

Malinga ndi njira yodziwira chinyezi, malinga ndi zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu, nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuumitsa chitsanzo kuti chikhale cholemera kwambiri pa 105 ℃, 2.5h.

Zotsatira zoyeserera za chinyezi cha cellulose ether chosiyanasiyana pamiyeso yosiyana. Zitha kuwoneka kuti zotsatira zoyesa za 135 ℃ ndi 0.5 h zili pafupi kwambiri ndi njira yokhazikika pa 105 ℃ ndi 2.5h, ndipo kupatuka kwa zotsatira za mita yachinyontho yofulumira kumakhala kwakukulu. Zotsatira zoyeserera zitatuluka, zidziwitso ziwiri za 135 ℃, 0.5 h ndi 105 ℃, 2.5 h ya njira yokhazikika idapitilira kuwonedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zotsatira zake sizinali zosiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, njira yoyesera ya 135 ℃ ndi 0.5 h ndiyotheka, ndipo nthawi yoyeserera ya chinyezi imatha kufupikitsidwa ndi pafupifupi 2 h.

2. Phulusa la Sulfate

Sulfate ash cellulose ether ndi index yofunikira, yokhudzana mwachindunji ndi kapangidwe kake, chiyero ndi zina zotero. Njira yoyesera yokhazikika: Yanikani chitsanzo pa 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃ posungira, kulemera pafupifupi 2 g ya zitsanzo mu crucible yomwe yawotchedwa molunjika komanso kulemera kosalekeza, ikani crucible pa mbale yotentha kapena ng'anjo yamagetsi ndikutentha pang'onopang'ono mpaka chitsanzo. ndi carbonized kwathunthu. Pambuyo pozizira crucible, 2 ml concentrated sulfuric acid imawonjezeredwa, ndipo zotsalirazo zimanyowa ndikutenthedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka utsi woyera uwoneke. Chophimbacho chimayikidwa mu ng'anjo ya Muffle ndikuwotchedwa pa 750 ° C ± 50 ° C kwa 1 h. Pambuyo pakuwotcha, crucible imachotsedwa ndikuzizizira kutentha mu chowumitsira ndikuyesedwa.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti njira yokhazikika imagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa sulfuric acid pakuwotcha. Pambuyo kutenthetsa, utsi wambiri wochuluka wa sulfuric acid wokhazikika. Ngakhale itagwiritsidwa ntchito mu fume hood, idzakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe mkati ndi kunja kwa labotale. Papepalali, ma ethers osiyanasiyana a cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire phulusa molingana ndi njira yokhazikika popanda kuwonjezera sulfuric acid, ndipo zotsatira zoyesa zimafananizidwa ndi njira yokhazikika.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kusiyana kwina pazotsatira zodziwika za njira ziwirizi. Kutengera zomwe zidayambikazi, pepalalo limawerengera kusiyana kochulukira mwa ziwirizo mumtundu wa 1.35 ~ 1.39. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati zotsatira za mayeso a njira popanda sulfuric acid zimachulukitsidwa ndi coefficient ya 1.35 ~ 1.39, zotsatira zoyesa phulusa ndi sulfuric acid zitha kupezeka pafupifupi. Zotsatira zoyeserera zitatulutsidwa, ziwonetsero ziwirizi zidafaniziridwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zotsatira zake zidakhalabe pafupifupi mu coefficient iyi. Zimasonyeza kuti njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa phulusa la cellulose ether. Ngati pali zofunikira zapadera, njira yoyenera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza zovuta za cellulose ether zimawonjezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, sizidzakambidwa apa. Mu ulamuliro khalidwe la mapadi etere, ntchito phulusa mayeso njira popanda anaikira sulfuric asidi akhoza kuchepetsa kuipitsa mkati ndi kunja kwa labotale, kuchepetsa kuyesera nthawi, reagent mowa ndi kuchepetsa ngozi zotheka ngozi chifukwa cha ndondomeko kuyesera.

3, ma cellulose ether gulu okhutira mayeso zitsanzo pretreatment

Zomwe zili m'gulu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za cellulose ether, zomwe zimatsimikizira mwachindunji za mankhwala a cellulose ether. Gulu okhutira mayeso amatanthauza mapadi efa pansi zochita za chothandizira, Kutentha ndi akulimbana chatsekedwa riyakitala, ndiyeno mankhwala m'zigawo ndi jekeseni mu chromatograph mpweya kwa kusanthula kachulukidwe. Njira yowotcha yomwe ili mugulu imatchedwa pre-treatment mu pepalali. The muyezo chisanadze mankhwala njira ndi: kulemera 65mg zouma chitsanzo, kuwonjezera 35mg asidi adipic mu botolo anachita, kuyamwa 3.0ml mkati muyezo madzi ndi 2.0ml hydroiodic asidi, dontho mu botolo anachita, kuphimba mwamphamvu ndi kulemera. Gwirani botolo lomwe liri ndi dzanja kwa 30s, ikani botolo lomwe liri mu chotenthetsera chachitsulo pa 150 ℃ ± 2 ℃ kwa 20min, chitulutseni ndikuchigwedeza kwa 30S, ndiyeno kutentha kwa 40min. Pambuyo kuzirala kwa firiji, kuwonda kuyenera kukhala kosaposa 10mg. Apo ayi, yankho lachitsanzo liyenera kukonzedwanso.

Njira yoyenera yowotchera imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zotenthetsera kutentha kwazitsulo, pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mzere uliwonse wa kusamba kwachitsulo ndi kwakukulu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosabwerezabwereza, ndipo chifukwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala koopsa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa zochita botolo kapu si okhwima kutayikira ndi mpweya kutayikira, pali chiopsezo. Mu pepala ili, kupyolera mu kuyesa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kuwonetsetsa, njira yopangira mankhwala imasinthidwa kukhala: kugwiritsa ntchito botolo lagalasi, ndi pulagi ya mphira ya butyl mwamphamvu, ndi tepi ya polypropylene yosagwira kutentha yokulungidwa mawonekedwe, kenaka ikani botolo lochitira mu silinda yaing'ono yapadera. , kuphimba mwamphamvu, potsiriza kuika mu uvuni Kutentha. Zomwe botolo ndi njira iyi silingatayike madzi kapena mpweya, ndipo ndi zotetezeka komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamene reagent imagwedezeka bwino panthawiyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kwamagetsi kuyanika kutentha kwa ng'anjo kungapangitse chitsanzo chilichonse chitenthedwe, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kubwereza.

4. Mwachidule

Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti njira zowongoleredwa zodziwira cellulose ether zomwe zatchulidwa mupepalali ndizotheka. Kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mu pepalali kuyesa kuchuluka kwa kuyanika kuwonda kumatha kuwongolera bwino ndikufupikitsa nthawi yoyesera. Kugwiritsa ntchito palibe sulfuric acid mayeso kuyaka phulusa, akhoza kuchepetsa zasayansi kuipitsa; Njira ya ng'anjo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito papepalali ngati njira yopangira mayeso a cellulose ether group imapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa azikhala otetezeka komanso otetezeka.