What are the dangers of carboxymethylcellulose?

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a food additive that is considered safe for human consumption by various regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). However, as with any substance, excessive consumption of CMC can cause adverse effects on human health. In this answer, we will discuss the potential dangers of CMC.

1. Gastrointestinal Issues:

One of the most common side effects of consuming high amounts of CMC is gastrointestinal issues. CMC is a water-soluble fiber that absorbs water and swells in the digestive tract, which can lead to bloating, gas, and diarrhea. In rare cases, high doses of CMC have been associated with bowel obstruction, particularly in individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions.

2. Allergic Reactions:

Some people may be sensitive or allergic to CMC. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include hives, rash, itching, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, anaphylaxis may occur, which can be life-threatening. Individuals who are allergic to CMC should avoid products containing this additive.

3. Dental Issues:

CMC is often used in toothpaste and oral care products as a thickener and binder. However, some studies suggest that prolonged exposure to CMC in oral care products can lead to tooth erosion and damage to tooth enamel. This is because CMC can bind to calcium in the saliva, reducing the amount of available calcium to protect teeth.

4. Drug Interactions:

CMC can interact with certain drugs, particularly those that require the use of a normal gut transit time for their absorption. This may include drugs such as digoxin, lithium, and salicylates. CMC may slow down the absorption of these drugs, leading to decreased effectiveness or potential toxicity.

5. Environmental Concerns:

CMC is a synthetic compound that does not break down easily in the environment. When CMC is discharged into waterways, it can potentially harm aquatic life by interfering with the natural ecosystem. Additionally, CMC can contribute to the buildup of microplastics in the environment, which is a growing concern.

In conclusion, while CMC is generally considered safe for consumption and use in appropriate amounts, excessive consumption of CMC can cause adverse effects on human health. Individuals who are allergic to CMC should avoid products containing this additive. Additionally, prolonged exposure to CMC in oral care products may lead to tooth erosion and damage. CMC can also interact with certain drugs and potentially harm the environment if not disposed of properly. As with any food additive or ingredient, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns about its safety or effects on your health.