Nga ahuatanga, te whakarite me te tono o te cellulose ether i roto i te umanga

I arotakehia nga momo, nga tikanga whakarite, nga ahuatanga me nga ahuatanga o te cellulose ether, me nga tono o te cellulose ether i roto i te hinu, te hanga, te hanga pepa, te kakano, te rongoa, te kai, nga taonga whakaahua hiko me te ahumahi matū o ia ra. I whakauruhia etahi momo hou o te cellulose ether derivatives ki te whakawhanaketanga, a, i tukuna mai o raatau tono.

kupu matua:ether cellulose; Mahinga; Tono; Nga pärönaki cellulose

Ko te Cellulose he momo polymer taiao. Ko tona hanganga matū he macromolecule polysaccharide me te β-glucose anhydrous hei mowhiti turanga, kotahi te roopu hydroxyl tuatahi me nga roopu hydroxyl tuarua e rua ki ia mowhiti turanga. Ma te whakarereketanga matū, ka taea te whiwhi i te raupapa o nga hua o te cellulose, ko te cellulose ether tetahi o ratou. Ka whiwhihia te ether cellulose ma te tauhohenga o te cellulose me te NaOH, katahi ka whakamaarama me nga momo monomers mahi penei i te methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, me etahi atu, ma te horoi i te tote-hua me te konutai cellulose. Ko te Ether Cellulose he mea nui o te cellulose, ka taea te whakamahi whanui i roto i te rongoa me te hauora, te matū o ia ra, te pepa, te kai, te rongoa, te hanga, nga rawa me etahi atu ahumahi. Na reira, ko te whakawhanaketanga me te whakamahi o te cellulose ether he hiranga pai mo te whakamahinga matawhānui o nga rauemi biomass whakahou, te whanaketanga o nga rauemi hou me nga hangarau hou.

1. Te whakarōpūtanga me te whakarite o te cellulose ether

Ko te whakarōpūtanga o te cellulose ethers i te nuinga o te waa ka wehewehea kia wha nga waahanga e ai ki o raatau ahuatanga katote.

1.1 Ether cellulose nonionic

Ko te etera cellulose kore-katote ko te cellulose alkyl ether te nuinga, ko te tikanga whakarite na te cellulose me te tauhohenga NaOH, katahi me nga momo monomers mahi penei i te methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide etherification tauhohenga, katahi ka horoi i te hua-hua. te tote me te konutai cellulose ki te tiki. Ko te matua methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. He tino whanui tona tono.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether ko te nuinga carboxymethyl cellulose konutai, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose konutai. Ko te tikanga whakarite na roto i te tauhohenga o te cellulose me te NaOH, katahi ka whakamaarama ki te waikawa monochloroacetic ranei ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ka horoi i te tote-hua me te konutai cellulose ki te tiki.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose ether ko te nuinga 3 – chlorine – 2 – hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose ether. Ko te tikanga whakarite ma te tauhohenga o te cellulose me te NaOH, katahi ko te cationic etherifying agent 3 – chlorine – 2 – hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or ethylene oxide, propylene oxide me te etherifying reaction, katahi ka horoi i te tote me te konutai. cellulose ki te tiki.

1.4 Zwitterionic cellulose ether

Ko te Zwitterionic cellulose ether he roopu anionic me nga roopu cationic i runga i te mekameka ngota, ko te tikanga whakarite ma te cellulose me te tauhohenga NaOH, katahi me te waikawa chloroacetic me te cationic etherifying agent 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification tauhohenga, ka horoi. na-hua tote me te konutai cellulose me te whiwhi.

2.nga ahuatanga me nga ahuatanga o te cellulose ether

2.1 Nga ahuatanga o te ahua

Ko te cellulose ether te tikanga he ma, he miraka ranei te ma, he reka, he kore-paitini, me te rere o te paura kiko, he ngawari ki te ngongo makuku, ka rewa ki te wai ki roto i te colloid pumau.

2.2 Te hanga kiriata me te piri

He nui te awe o te etherification o te cellulose ether ki ona ahuatanga, penei i te whakarewatanga, te kaha ki te hanga kiriata, te kaha here me te manawanui o te tote. Ko te Cellulose ether he kaha te kaha o te miihini, te ngawari, te wera wera me te makariri, me te pai o te hototahi ki nga momo rei me nga raima, ka taea te whakamahi ki te hanga i nga kirihou, i nga kiriata, i nga waahi, i nga whakapiri, i te latex me nga taonga paninga rongoa.

2.3 Wairewa

Methyl cellulose wairewa i roto i te wai matao, insoluble i roto i te wai wera, engari ano te wairewa i roto i etahi whakarewa organic; Ko te Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ka whakarewahia ki te wai matao, karekau ki te wai wera me nga whakarewa pararopi. Engari ka whakamahana te wairewa wai o te methyl cellulose me te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, ka rere te methyl cellulose me te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Methyl cellulose precipitated i 45 ~ 60 ℃, i konatunatua methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherized i 65 ~ 80 ℃. Ka heke iho te pāmahana, ka rewa ano nga rerenga.

Ko te konutai hydroxyethyl cellulose me te carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose he wairewa i roto i te wai ahakoa te pāmahana, engari karekau e whakarewahia i roto i nga whakarewa pararopi (he iti noa iho).

2.4 Whakatoto

Ka rewa te ether cellulose ki te wai i roto i te ahua colloidal, a ka whakawhirinaki tona pokey ki te tohu o te polymerization o te cellulose ether. Kei roto i te otinga nga macromolecules o te hydration. Na te weriweri o nga macromolecules, he rereke te rere o te wairewa ki tera o nga wai o Newtonian, engari ka whakaatu i te whanonga e rereke ana i te huringa o te kaha kutikuti. Na te hanganga macromolecular o te cellulose ether, ka piki tere te pokey o te otinga me te piki haere o te kukū me te heke tere ki te piki haere o te pāmahana.

2.5 Te whakaheke

Ka whakamahia te ether cellulose i roto i te wahanga wai. I te wa e noho ana te wai, ka tipu te huakita. Ko te tipu o te huakita ka arai ki te hanga huakita enzyme. Na te huakita enzyme i hanga te herenga wae kuhuka i whakamakukuhia ki te taha o te wehenga cellulose ether me te heke o te taumaha ngota o te waerau. No reira, ki te pupurihia he wairewa wai o te cellulose ether mo te wa roa, me tapiri he rongoa ki roto, ahakoa ka whakamahia te eter cellulose antibacterial.

3.te tono o te cellulose ether i roto i te ahumahi

3.1 Ahumahi hinuhinu

Ko te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi hinu. Ka whakamahia i roto i te hanga paru ki te whakanui ake i te pokey me te whakaiti i te mate wai. Ka taea e ia te aukati i nga momo parahanga tote whakarewa me te whakapai ake i te tere whakaora hinu.

Ko te konutai carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose me te konutai carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose he momo pai ake te keri keri paru maimoatanga me te whakarite i nga rauemi wai oti, te reeti pulping teitei, te tote tote, te aukati konupūmā, te pai o te kaha o te viscosification, te aukati i te pāmahana (160 ℃). He pai mo te whakarite i te wai hou, te wai moana me te wai tote wai keri wai, i raro i te taumaha o te konupūmā pūhaumāota e taea te konatunatua ki te momo o kiato (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) keri wai, a ka hanga he etahi pokey me te iti filtration. Ko te kaha, he pai ake i te hydroxyethyl cellulose tona kaha me te filtration, he pai nga taapiri whakaputa hinu. Ko te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te mahi hinu hinu o nga hua o te cellulose, i roto i te keri wai, te wai cimenting, te pakaru o te wai me te whakapai ake i te hanga hinu e whakamahia ana, ina koa i roto i te kohi wai keri he nui ake, ko te tangohanga matua me te taunga filtration me te viscosification.

Ko te Hydroxyethyl cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi keri, te whakaoti me te sima hei whakapumau paru. Na te mea ko te hydroxyethyl cellulose me te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose, ka whakatauritea te kapia guar ki te pai o te whakakaha, te kirikiri whakatara, te tote nui o te tote, te pai o te wera, me te iti o te aukati, te iti o te wai, te pakaru o te poraka rapa, te iti o te toenga, kua whakamahia nuitia.

3.2 Ahumahi hanga me te whakakakahu

Te hanga whare me te raima moata whakaurunga: ka taea te whakamahi konutai carboxymethyl cellulose hei kaihoko whakaroa, hei pupuri i te wai, hei whakakao me te here, ka taea te whakamahi hei raima o raro me te raima o raro o te raima, te kumete me te whakamaaratanga o te whenua hei whakamararatanga, hei pupuri i te wai, hei whakakaha. Ko te ahua o te masonry motuhake me te raima moata whakauru mo nga poraka raima aerated i hangaia i te carboxymethyl cellulose, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha o te mahi, te pupuri i te wai me te aukati i te pakaru o te moata me te karo i te pakaru me te tuwhera o te taiepa poraka.

Ko nga taonga whakapaipai mata o te whare: Ko Cao Mingqian me etahi atu methyl cellulose i hangaia mai i te ahua o te tiaki i te taiao o nga taonga whakapaipai o te mata o te whare, he maamaa, he ma, ka taea te whakamahi mo te pakitara teitei, te papa kohatu, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mo te pou. , whakapaipai papa papa. Ko te Huang Jianping i hangaia mai i te carboxymethyl cellulose he ahua o te hiri tira uku, he kaha te honohono, he pai te kaha o te whakarereke, kaore e puta he kapiti me te taka atu, he pai te waikore, he kanapa me te tae tae, he pai te whakapaipai.

Te tono i roto i nga paninga: Ka taea te whakamahi i te Methyl cellulose me te hydroxyethyl cellulose hei whakapumau, hei whakakaha me te pupuri wai mo nga paninga taherapa, hei taapiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei dispersant, viscosifier me te kaihoko hanga kiriata mo nga paninga ciment tae. Ko te taapiri i te cellulose ether me nga whakaritenga tika me te pokey ki te peita taherapa ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi hanga o te peita taherapa, te aukati i te mokowhiti, te whakapai ake i te pumau o te rokiroki me te kapi i te mana. Ko te mara kaihoko matua ki waho ko nga paninga taherapa, no reira, ko nga hua cellulose ether te nuinga o te waa hei kowhiringa tuatahi mo te peera peita taherapa. Hei tauira, ko te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether kua whakarereketia ka taea te pupuri i te tuunga rangatira i roto i te whakakao o te peita taherapa na te mea he pai nga ahuatanga matawhānui. Hei tauira, na te mea ko te cellulose ether he ahuatanga motuhake o te waiariki me te wairewa, te tote tote, te wera wera, me te mahi tika o te mata, ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko pupuri wai, hei aukati, hei whakaemi, hei kaiwhakamaori kiriata, hei whakahinuhinu, hei here me te whakatikatika rheological. .

3.3 Ahumahi Pepa

Ko nga taapiri makutu pepa: Ka taea te whakamahi CMC hei whakamararatanga muka me te whakahiato pepa, ka taea te taapiri atu ki te penupenu, na te mea he rite te utu o te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose me te penupenu me nga matūriki kapi, ka taea te whakanui ake i te taurite o te muka, te whakapai ake i te kaha o te pepa. I te mea ka taapirihia te whakakaha ki roto i te pepa, ka whakapiki ake i te hononga hononga i waenga i nga muka, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha tensile, te aukati pakaru, te rite o te pepa me etahi atu tohu tinana. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi konutai carboxymethyl cellulose hei kaihoko rahi i roto i te penupenu. I tua atu i tana ake tohu rahi, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei kaihoko tiaki o te rosin, AKD me etahi atu kaihoko rahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi Cationic cellulose ether hei tātari awhina pupuri pepa, te whakapai ake i te reeti pupuri o te muka pai me te whakakii, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakakaha pepa.

Whakapiri paninga: Ka whakamahia mo te whakakikorua i te tukatuka pepa paninga whakapiri, ka taea te whakakapi i te tiihi, tetahi waahanga o te taherapa, kia ngawari ai te kuhu o te waituhi, maamaa te taha. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei dispersant pigment, viscosifier me te stabilizer.

Te kaihoko rahi mata: Ka taea te whakamahi konutai carboxymethyl cellulose hei kaihoko rahi pepa, whakapai ake i te kaha o te mata o te pepa, ka whakaritea ki te whakamahinga o te waipiro polyvinyl o naianei, te maaka whakarereke i muri i te kaha o te mata ka taea te whakanui ake i te 10%, ka whakahekehia te inenga. tata ki te 30%. He kaihoko rahi te mata mo te hanga pepa, me kaha te whakawhanake i ona momo momo momo hou. Ko te Cationic cellulose ether he pai ake te rahi o te mata i te maaka cationic, ehara i te mea ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i te kaha o te mata o te pepa, engari ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te whakauru waituhi o te pepa, te whakanui ake i te paanga o te tae, he kaihoko whakahiato mata.

3.4 Ahumahi pueru

I roto i te umanga kakano, ka taea te whakamahi i te cellulose ether hei kaihoko rahinga, hei kaiwhakatairite me te kaihoko matotoru mo te penupenu kakano.

Te kaihoko rahi: ka taea te whakamahi i te cellulose ether penei i te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, te hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether me etahi atu momo ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko rahi, kaore i te ngawari ki te pakaru me te pokepoke, te tuhi me te tae, me te kore e whakaaro, ka taea te whakatairanga i te tae kia rite ki te tae. colloid i roto i te wai.

Kaitohu taumata: ka taea te whakarei ake i te mana hydrophilic me te osmotic o te tae, no te mea he iti te huringa pokey, he ngawari ki te whakatika i te rereketanga o te tae; Ko te cationic cellulose ether he tae me te paanga tae.

Kaipupuri whakamatao: te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose etera ka taea te whakamahi hei peera me te waikano slurry thickening agent, me te iti o te toenga, nga ahuatanga o te reeti tae teitei, he karaehe o nga taapiri pueru tino kaha.

3.5 Ahumahi matū whare

Viscosifier pūmau: Konutai methylcellulose i roto i te paura mārō raw rauemi whakapiri hua tākaro i te pūmautanga whakatārewatanga marara, i roto i te wai whakaehunga poke thickening, marara, homogenizing me ētahi atu tūranga. Ka taea te whakamahi hei stabilizer me te viscosifier.

Te whakaemulsifying stabilizer: te hinu hinu, te shampoo emulsifier, te whakamaatete me te whakapumau. Ko te konutai carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ka taea te whakamahi hei toothpaste adhesive stabilizer, me nga ahuatanga thixotropic pai, kia pai ai te ahua o te toothpaste, te whakarereketanga mo te wa roa, te rite me te reka reka. Ko te konutai carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose tote parenga tote, he pai ake te parenga waikawa, he pai ake te painga atu i te carboxymethyl cellulose, ka taea te whakamahi hei horoi i roto i te viscosifier, he kaihoko parepare paru.

Marara marara: I roto i te hanga hopii, te whakamahi whānui o te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose hei hopi horoi paru dispersant, wai thickener hopi me te dispersant.

3.6 Nga ahumahi rongoa me te kai

I roto i te ahumahi ho'oraa, ka taea te whakamahi hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose hei rongoa rongoa, whakamahia nuitia i roto i te anga a-waha o te anga o te raau taero me te whakareri tuku totika, hei rauemi aukati hei whakahaere i te tuku raau taero, hei taonga whakakikorua i te kaihoko tuku totika, pire tuku. , capsules tuku toitū. Ko te mea tino nui ko te methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ko te ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, penei i te MC he maha nga wa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o nga papa me nga kapene, i nga papaa pani huka ranei.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te karaehe kounga o te cellulose ether i roto i te umanga kai, i roto i nga momo momo kai ko te maataki whakapakeke whai hua, te emulsifier, te whakapumau, te awhina, te kaihoko pupuri wai me te kaihoko hukahuka miihini. Ko te Methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose kua mohiohia he matū mokowhiti kore-kino. Ko te parakore teitei (99.5% neke atu ranei te parakore) ka taea te taapiri carboxymethyl cellulose ki nga kai, penei i te miraka me nga hua kirīmi, nga mea kakara, te tiihi, te tiēre, te kēne, te tirikara tepu me te inu. Ko te ma o te neke atu i te 90% carboxymethyl cellulose ka taea te whakamahi i roto i nga waahanga e pa ana ki te kai, penei i te tono ki te kawe me te rokiroki o nga hua hou, he pai te tiaki i te takai kirihou, he iti te parahanga, kaore he kino, he ngawari ki te hanga miihini.

3.7 Ko nga rauemi mahi mo te mata me te hiko

Electrolyte thickening stabilizer: e tika ana ki te parakore tiketike o te cellulose ether, pai ātete waikawa, ātete tote, rawa rino me te ihirangi konganuku taimaha he iti, na he tino pūmau te colloid, e tika ana mō te pūhiko kawakore, konutea manganese pūhiko electrolyte thickening stabilizer.

Rauemi tioata wai: Mai i te tau 1976, ko te kitenga tuatahi o te hydroxypropyl cellulose – te punaha wai wai he karaihe wai patai, kua kitea i roto i te otinga pararopi e tika ana, he maha nga pahekeheke cellulose i te kukū teitei ka taea te hanga otinga anisotropic, hei tauira, hydroxypropyl cellulose me tona acetate, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, aha atu. I tua atu i te hanga colloidal katote wairewa karaihe wai, ka whakaatu ano etahi esters o te hydroxypropyl cellulose i tenei taonga.

He maha nga etera cellulose e whakaatu ana i nga ahuatanga o te karaihe wai wera. Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose i hanga thermogenic cholesteric wai tioata i raro 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose me ona pärönaki, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose me butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose me butoxylethyl cellulose, allcetylhydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxylethyl cellulose, allcetysteric thermogenic cellulose, hydroxylethyl cellulose. Ko etahi esters cellulose penei i te cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate me te p-methylbenzoate, ka taea e te cellulose heptanate te hanga tioata wai cholesteric thermogenic.

Ko nga mea whakamaarama hiko: te cyanoethyl cellulose etherifying agent mo te acrylonitrile, tona teitei dielectric tamau, iti te whakarea mate, ka taea te whakamahi hei ūkuikui me nga rama hiko hiko kapia matrix me te whakamaarama whakawhiti.

4. Kupu Whakamutu

Ko te whakamahi i te whakarerekētanga matū kia whiwhi ai i nga pärönaki cellulose me nga mahi motuhake he huarahi whai hua ki te kimi whakamahinga hou mo te cellulose, te matū waro nui rawa atu o te ao. I te mea ko tetahi o nga hua o te cellulose, ko te cellulose ether penei i te tinana-kore kino, nga rauemi polymer wairewa-kore-kore na te mea he tino pai nga taonga, kua whakamahia i roto i nga umanga maha, a ka nui ake te tirohanga mo te whanaketanga.