Rheologiam et compatibility HPMC / HPS Complex

Rheology et compatibilityHPMC/

Clavis verba: hydroxypropyl methylcellulosum; hydroxypropyl amulum; Rheology proprietatibus; Compatibility; Chemical modificatio.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellosus (HPMC) est polysaccharide polymer communiter in praeparatione mandi possunt films. Hoc est late in agro cibo et medicina. In film habet bonum diaphanum, mechanica proprietatibus et oleum obice proprietatibus. However, HPMC is a thermally induced gel, which leads to its poor processing performance at low temperature and high production energy consumption; Praeterea, eius pretiosa rudis materia pretio terminum eius late applicationem inter pharmaceutical agri. Hydroxypropyl amulum (HPS) est mandi materia late in agro cibis et medicina. It has a wide range of sources and low price. Est idealis materiam ad redigendum sumptus HPMC. Porro frigus gel proprietatibus HPS potest statera in viscositas et aliis rebus proprietatibus HPMC. , Ut amplio eius processus perficientur ad humilis temperatus. In addition, HPS edible film has excellent oxygen barrier properties, so it can significantly improve the oxygen barrier properties of HPMC edible film.

HPMC est additum in compositionem et HPMC et HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum reversed-phase Gel compositis compositis ratio construi. In potentia lege proprietatibus de quibus, in commercio mechanism inter HPMC in solution, compatibility et phase transitus de compositis ratio sunt de quibus et necessitudinem inter rhematicis proprietatibus et structuram de compositis ratio est constituta. Eventus ostendere quod compositis ratio habet discrimine intentionem (VIII%), infra discrimine concentration, HPMC et HPS est in independens Molecular vincula et tempus regiones; Supra discrimine concentration, in HPS Phase formatur in solutione sicut gel centrum, in microfula structuram, quae connexa per intusculare HPMC Molecular vincula exhibet. Et rheologiam proprietatibus et compositis ratio et compositis Ratio conformis ad logarithmica summa regula, et ostende quaedam gradus positivum et negative deviationem, significans quod duo components habere bona compatibility. In compositis ratio est continuum tempus dispersit phase "mare insulae" structuram ad humilis temperatus et continua tempus transitus occurs ad IV: VI cum decrementum HPMC / HPS compositis.

Et HPMC / HPS composita membrana paratus per casting modum. Compatibility et phase separationem compositi ratio ulteriores explorantur per elementum microscopy, dynamic thermomechanical proprietas analysis et thermogravimetric analysis et mechanica proprietatibus compositi membranae studuit. et oxygeni permeability et alia membrana proprietatibus. Eventus ostendere quod non obvious duo-phase interface est in Sem imaginibus omnium compositis films, ibi est tantum unum vitrum transitus punctum in DMA eventus maxime de compositis films, et tantum unum scelerisque degradation apicem apparet in DTG curvas of most of the composite films. HPMC has certain compatibility with HPS. Et addition of HPMC significantly amplio oxygeni proprietatibus proprietatibus oxygeni proprietatibus membranae. Mechanica proprietatibus compositi membrana varie valde cum componendo proportionem et relativum humiditas in environment, et praesens a crossover punctum, quae potest providere ad referat ad productum optimization pro diversis applicationem requisita.

The microscopic morphology, phase distribution, phase transition and other microstructures of the HPMC/HPS compound system were studied by simple iodine dyeing optical microscope analysis, and the transparency and mechanical properties of the compound system were studied by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and mechanical property tester. In necessitudine inter microscopic alicui structuram et macroscopic comprehensive perficientur de HPMC / HPS compositis ratio fuit statutum. Eventus ostendere quod magnum numerum Mesophasses sunt in praesens in compositis ratio, quod habet bona compatibility. Est phase transitus punctum in compositis ratio et hoc tempus transitus punctum habet certum compositis Ratio et solutio concentration dependentia. Quod infima parte diaphanum est compositis ratio est consistent cum phase transitus punctum HPMC a continuum tempus ad dispersionem tempus et minimum punctum tensile modulo. In modulo et elongatio ad confractus minuatur cum incremento solution concentration, quae habebat causam necessitudinem cum transitus HPMC ex continua tempus ad dispersit tempus.

A rheometer was used to study the effect of chemical modification of HPS on the rheological properties and gel properties of the HPMC/HPS cold and hot reversed-phase gel compound system. Capacitates et Phase transitionum studuit et necessitudinem inter microstructure et rheological et gel proprietates statutum. The research results show that the hydroxypropylation of HPS can reduce the viscosity of the compound system at low temperature, improve the fluidity of the compound solution, and reduce the phenomenon of shear thinning; Hydroxypropylation de HPS potest angustus linearibus Viscositas compositis ratio. In the elastic region, the phase transition temperature of the HPMC/HPS compound system is reduced, and the solid-like behavior of the compound system at low temperature and the fluidity at high temperature are improved. HPMC and HPS form continuous phases at low and high temperatures, respectively, and as dispersed phases determine the rheological properties and gel properties of the composite system at high and low temperatures. Both the abrupt change in the viscosity curve of the compounded system and the tan delta peak in the loss factor curve appear at 45 °C, which echoes the co-continuous phase phenomenon observed in the iodine-stained micrographs at 45 °C.

Effectus eget modificatio de HPS in crystallina structuram et micro-divisio structuram compositum film studuit a Synchrotron radialis parvum-angulus x-ray spargere technology et Mechanica substantia, oxygeni ex proprietatibus et sceleris Systematice studuit influentiam eget structuram mutationes compositis components in microstructure et macroscopic proprietatibus compositis systems. Eventus Synchrotron radialem ostendit quod hydroxypropylation of HPS et emendationem de compatibility de duabus components posset significantly inhibere ad recrystallization amulum in membranam et promovere membranam. Quod Macroscopic proprietatibus ut mechanica proprietates, scelerisque stabilitatem et oxygeni permeability de HPMC / HPS composita membrana propinqua ad suum internum crystallina structuram et amorphous regionem. Et combined effectus ex duobus effectus.

As an important component of food commodities, food packaging materials can protect food from physical, chemical and biological damage and pollution during circulation and storage, maintain the quality of food itself, facilitate food consumption, and ensure food. Diuturnum tempus et conservatio, et species cibi ad attrahendum consumptionem, et valorem obtinendum extra materiam sumptus [1-4]. As a new type of food packaging material that is safe and edible, and even has a certain nutritional value, edible film has broad application prospects in food packaging and preservation, fast food and pharmaceutical capsules, and has become a research hotspot in the current food packaging related agri.

Edulis films sunt films cum raro network structuram, plerumque ad dispensando naturalis edibilis Polymers. Polymeros naturalis in natura habent gel proprietates et aqueum solutiones potest formare hydrogels per quaedam condiciones, ut quaedam naturalis Polysaccharides, proteins, ut quaedam naturalis Polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, etc. Naturalis strictural Polysaccharides ut amulum et Cellulose, propter eorum specialis mulgetam structuram de longa-catena Helix et stabilis eget proprietatibus, potest esse longum-term et variis repono environments, et fuisse late studied et varias film-formatam materiae. Mandae films factum ex una Polysaccharide saepe habent quidam limitations in perficientur. Unde ut eliminate limitations unius polysaccharide mandi possunt, films, consequi specialem proprietates et develop novum munera, reducere productum prices et expand eorum applications, plerumque duas species Polysaccharides sunt. Aut supra naturalem Polysaccharides componuntur ad consequi effectum complementariae proprietatibus. Tamen, ex differentia in MOLECULA structuram inter diversas polymers, est quaedam conformational entropy, et maxime polymer complexorum sunt partim compatible aut repugnat. Et tempus morphologiam et compatibility polymer complexu mos determinare proprietatibus compositum materia. Et deformatio et fluunt historia in dispensando habere significant impulsum in structuram. Ideo ad proprietates proprietates Polymer proprietatibus ut proprietates polymer complexu ratio studied. Interlationship inter microscopicae structuris ut tempus morphologiam et compatibility est momenti ad regulare perficientur, analysis et modificatio composita materiae, dispensando technology, dirigere formula et dispensando machinery consilio et aestimandis productio. Processing perficientur de productum et progressionem et applicationem of novus polymer materiae sunt magni momenti.

In hoc capite, in investigationis status et applicationem progressus mandi possunt film materiae recensentur in detail; Inquisitio rei naturalis hydrogels; Et proposito et modum polymer compositionem et investigationis progressus Polysaccharide compositio; Et Rheological Research modum componendi ratio; Et rheologiam proprietatibus et exemplar constructione frigus et calidum vicissim gel ratio sunt resolvitur et de quibus, tum investigationis significationem, investigationis rem et investigationis huius charta contentus.

1.1 film edibilis

Edible film refers to the addition of plasticizers and cross-linking agents based on natural edible substances (such as structural polysaccharides, lipids, proteins), through different intermolecular interactions, through compounding, heating, coating, drying, etc. The film with porous network structure formatae per curatio. Varias functiones praebere potest ut proprietates obice selectabiles ad gas, umorem, contenta et substantias noxias externas, ita ut sensus qualitatem et structuram internam cibi emendare possit, et tempus vel fasciae vitae alimentorum productorum prorogare.

Development of edclesiam film potest reduci ad 12th et 13th saecula. At that time, the Chinese used a simple method of waxing to coat citrus and lemons, which effectively reduced the loss of water in the fruits and vegetables, so that the fruits and vegetables maintained their original luster, thereby prolonging the shelf life of fruits and Legumina, sed nimis inhibentes aerobic respirationum fructus et legumina, unde fructum fermentative depravatione. In the 15th century, Asians had already started to make edible film from soy milk, and used it to protect food and increase the appearance of food [20]. In 16th century, in Britannia usus adipem ad tunicam cibus superficiebus ad redigendum damnum cibum humorem. In the 19th century, sucrose was first used as an edible coating on nuts, almonds and hazelnuts to prevent oxidation and rancidity during storage . In 1830s, commercial calidum-conflandum paraffin films apparuit fructus ut poma et pyra. In fine 19th century, GELATINA films sunt sprayed in superficies cibum products et alia cibis cibum conservationem. In mane 1950, Carnauba cera, etc, cum in oleum-in-aqua emulsiones enim coating et conservationem recens fructus et legumina. In the late 1950s, research on edible films applied to meat products began to develop, and the most extensive and successful example is the enema products processed from animal small intestines into casings .

Cum 1950s, quod potest dici quod conceptum mandi possunt esse tantum rem esse propositus. Cum igitur plures investigatores developed fortis interest in mandi possunt films. In MCMXCI, Nisperes applicantur carboxymethyl cellulosa (CMC) ad coating et conservationem Bananas et fructus, fructus respiratio reducitur et chlorophyll damnum moratus. Park et al. In MCMXCIV nuntiavit effective obice proprietatibus Zein dapibus amet ad O2 et CO2, quod melius aqua damnum, wilting et color tomatoes. In MCMXCV, Lourdin solebat alkaline solutio tractare amulum et addidit glycerin ad tunicam fraga pro novitate, quae redegit aqua damnum rate of fraga et moratus. Baberjee melior Edulis amet proprietatibus in MCMXCVI per Micro-liquefaction et Ultrasonic curatio de film-formatam liquidum, ita particula magnitudinem et homogenea stabilitatem ex EMULSIO est in melius. In MCMXCVIII, Padetett et al. Added Lysozyme aut Nisin ad Soybean dapibus mandi possunt, et usus est involvent cibum et invenit quod incrementum LACTEOLUS Acidum Bacteria in cibo effective inhibuit [XXX]. In MCMXCIX, yin Qinghong et al. Solebat beeswax ut a film coating agente ad conservationem et repono de poma et fructus, quae posset inhibere respiratio, ne DECREMENTUM et pondus damnum et inhibere microbial incursio.

For many years, corn-baking beakers for ice cream packaging, glutinous rice paper for candy packaging, and tofu skins for meat dishes are typical edible packaging. But commercial applications of edible films were virtually non-existent in 1967, and even wax-coated fruit preservation had very limited commercial use. Donec MCMLXXXVI, a paucis societates coepit providere mandi possunt amet products, et per MCMXCVI, numerus mandi possunt, in praesenti numero, ad crevit in cibum packaging conservationem fuisse augendae, et in cibum packaging conservationem fuisse augendae, et in cibum packaging conservationem fuisse augendae, et in cibum packaging conservationem fuisse augendae, et in cibum packaging conservationem fuisse augendae, et in cibum packaging conservatio fuit augendae, et effectum est annui reditus plus quam 100 decies centena millia US.

1.1.2 characteres et types mandi possunt films

Secundum pertinet investigationis, mandi possunt film habet sequuntur praestantes commoda: mandi possunt film potest ne declines et deterioration cibum qualitas per mutua migratio diversis cibo substantiarum; Quidam edible film components se habere speciale nutritionis valorem et valetudinis curare munus; Edulis film habet ad libitum obice proprietatibus ad CO2, O2 et alia vapores; Edulis film potest adhiberi Proin, pistoria, frixum cibum et medicina film et coating; Edulis film potest adhiberi ut antioxidants et conservativa et alia carriers, ita extendens PLUTEUM vita cibi; Edulis film potest esse ut carrier ad colorants et nutritionis fortifiers, etc, ut amplio cibum qualitas et amplio cibum sensuale proprietatibus; Edulis amet tutum et mandi possunt simul cibus consumentur; Packaging potest adhiberi potest ad packaging potest esse potest ad packaging parva quantitatum vel unitates ciborum et formare multi-iacuit compositum packaging cum traditional packaging materiae, quod amplio in altiore obice perficientur de packaging materiae.

Ratio cur cinematographica edulis sarcinas habent supra functiones proprietates praecipue fundatur in formatione cuiusdam structurae retis trium dimensivarum in medio eorum, ita ostendens quasdam vires et proprietates obice. Proprietates functiones cinematographicae mandi cinematographicae signanter afficiuntur proprietatibus partium suarum, et gradus polymerorum interni connexionis, aequalitas et densitas structurae retiaculae variis etiam processibus cinematographicis afficiuntur. Patent differentiae in executione [15, 35]. Edible films also have some other properties such as solubility, color, transparency, etc. Suitable edible film packaging materials can be selected according to the different use environments and the differences in the product objects to be packaged.

Secundum formationem modum mandi possunt film, quod potest dividi in films et coatings: (I) Pre-praeparavit independens films sunt plerumque vocatur films. (II) et tenui stratum formatae in cibum superficiem per mediante coating, tingens, et SPARSIO dicitur coating. Films sunt maxime usus est cibis cum diversis ingredientia quod opus est esse singuli packaged (ut condimentum facis et oleum packets in commodum cibis), cibis cum idem ingrediens in commodum), cibis cum idem ingrediens non opus esse packaged separatim (ut parva packaged in capulus, lac pulveris etc.), et medicamenta vel valetudinis cura products. Capsule material; Minimum usus est conservatio nova cibo ut fructus et legumina, cibum products, coating medicinae et conventus imperium, remissionis microcapsules.

Sicut novum genus cibum packaging materia, quae est tutum et mandi possunt, et etiam habet quaedam nutritionis valorem, mandi possunt, late in cibum packaging industria, et pharmaceutical in cibum in cibum packaging industria, et PHARMACEUCICAL, in PRAEPOSITATIONIBUS et conservationem fructus et vegetabilia, et conservationem carnium et aquatilium, productio ieiunii, productio olei. Latissime patet spem in cibis conservandis sicut frixum candelae coctae.

1.1.3.1 applicationem in cibum packaging

Film-formatutionem solutio operuit in cibo esse packaged per RESPERSIO, percutientium, tingens, etc., ne penetratio humoris et oxygeni et aromatibus et reducere numerum packaging laminis ; significantly reducere externa layer cibus complexionem components de plastic packaging faciliorem redivivus et processui et reduces environmental pollutio; Est applicantur ad separatum packaging de quibusdam components multi-component complexu cibis ad redigendum mutua migration inter diversas components, ita reducendo pollutio in environment. Reduce the spoilage of food or the decline of food quality. Pellicula edibilis directe discurrit in chartas fasciculos vel sarcinas ad sarcinas cibi, quae non solum salutem, munditiam et commodum consequitur, sed etiam impressionem albae pollutionis in ambitu minuit.

Using frumentum, soybeans et triticum ut pelagus rudis materiae, charta-sicut sacrificium films potest parari et propter packaging de tomacula et aliis cibis. Post usum, etiamsi abdicatis in naturali environment sunt biodegradable et conversus in solo fertilizers meliorem solo. . Per amulum, Chitosan et faba fæces ut pelagus materiae, mandi possunt involuti charta paratus packaging cibum ut ieiunium cibum noodles et Gallico Fries, quae commodius, tutum et popularibus; Usus est condimentum facis, solidum soups in packaging de commodum cibis ut rudis materiae, quae potest esse directe coctum in ollam cum solebat, potest ne cibum contaminationem, crescere cibum nutritionem, et facilitate purgatio. Dried avocado, potatoes, and broken rice are fermented and converted into polysaccharides, which can be used to prepare new edible inner packaging materials that are colorless and transparent, have good oxygen barrier properties and mechanical properties, and are used for the packaging of milk powder , ACETARIA olei et alia products [XIX]. Nam cibus militum post uber adhibetur, in traditional plastic packaging materia est abdicavit in environment et fit in titulum hostis tracking, quod est facile revelare. In Multi-component specialis cibis ut pizza, pistorium valentissimum, ketchup, glacies crepito, yogurt, placentas et demerita, in usu, quod potest reducere numerum coetus fractionalis Migrationi migratio substantiarum meliorat productum qualitas et aesthetica [XXI]. Mediocris packaging film potest esse in Proin cibum processus of PULSO ratio. Escam products, legumina, caseum et fructus sunt pre-packaged per RESPERSIO, tingens aut percutientium, etc., gelida et condita et non opus est microwaved pro consummatio.

Licet pauci commercial mandi possunt packaging papers et sacculos praesto sunt, multis patents sunt relatus in formula et applicationem potentiale mandi possunt packaging materiae. Gallica cibum regulatory auctoritates habent probatus est industrialized mandi possunt packaging peram nomine "solupan", quae est composito ex hydroxypropyl methylcellosus, amulum et sodium sorbate, et commercium available.

1.1.3.2 Application in medicina

GELATINA, derivata cellulosa, amylum et gummi edendum adhiberi possunt ad conchas capsulae mollis et durae medicamentorum et productorum sanitatis, quae efficaciam medicamentorum et productorum sanitatis efficaciter efficere possunt, ac tuta et edilia sunt; some medicines have inherent bitter taste, which is difficult to be used by patients. Accepted, edible films can be used as taste-masking coatings for such drugs; Quidam enteric polymer Polymerers non dissolve in ventrem (PH 1,2) environment, sed solutum in intestinorum (PH 6.8) environment et potest esse in intestined hoste-release medicamento coating; can also be used as a carrier for targeted drugs.

Blanco, Fernandez et al. Paratus Chitosan acetylatted Monoglyceride compositum film et usus est ad sustentari remissionis de antioxidant operatio Vitaminum E et effectus insignitus. Long-term Antioxidant packaging materiae. Zhang et al. Miserere amulum GELATINA, addidit polyethylene glycol plasticizer, et usus traditional. Cavae dura capsules parati per tingens processus compositum amet, et diaphanum, mechanica proprietatibus, hydrophilic et Phase morphologiam ex compositis film studuit. Bonum capsulam materia [LII]. Lal et al. Factus est Kafirin in mandi possunt coating ad entericum coating paracetamol Capsulae et studied mechanica proprietatibus, scelerisque proprietatibus, obice proprietatibus et medicamento release proprietatibus mandatum film et medicamento release proprietatibus et medicamento release proprietatibus mandi possunt. Eventus ostendit quod coating de sorghum variis durum capsules de Gliadin film non rumpitur in stomachum, sed dimisit medicamento in intestinum ad 6.8. PAIK et al. Paratus HPMC phthalate particulas iactaret et indomethacin, et sprayed in mandi possunt film-formatam liquidum HPMC super superficiem de medicamento particulas, et studied in medicamento entrapment rate, mediocris particula magnitudine ostendit quod HPMCN, Indomethacin oralis medicamento potuit consequi ad masking et amarum saporem de medicamento et targeting medicamento partus. Oladzadabbasabadi et al. Moderentur mutatio Sago amulum cum Carrageenan ad praeparare mandi possunt compositum amet ut substitutum traditional GELATINA Capsules, et studierit et siccatio kineticas, thermomechalicia proprietatibus, physicochemica et proprietatibus et proprietatibus, quod est similes GELATINITICIUS esse in productione pharmaceutical Capsulae.

1.1.3.3 Applicatio in fructu et vegetabili conservatione

In nova fructus et legumina post legendo, biochemical reactiones et respiratio adhuc acriter agatur, quod accelerare TEXTUS dampnum et vegetabilia fruges, et facilis ad damnum humorem in fructibus et legumina ad locus temperatus et in Qualis est internum textuum et sensuale proprietates fructus et legumina. declinare. Ideo conservatio facta est maxime momenti proventus in repono et translationem fructus et legumina; Traditional conservationem modi habere pauperem conservationem effectus et excelsum sumptus. Munitur conservationem fructus et legumina est currently maxime modum in locus temperatus conservationem. Edibilis film, formatam liquidum iactaret superficiem fructibus et legumina, quae potest efficaciter ne tumultus microorganisms reducere respiratio aquae damnum et nutrimenta et fructum et vegetabilis, mora et vegetabilis Et servare fructum et vegetabilis textuum originale crassae et lenis. Glossosa specie ut consequi ad observatio recens et continuam repono periodum. Americae Usus acetyl Monoglyceride et caseum extrahi a vegetabilis oleum ut pelagus rudis materiae ut parare mandi possunt, et utitur ad sectis fructus et legumina ut nova, ne siccitatibus, ut possit esse in tumultus, ne siccitatibus, ut possit esse in tumultus, ne siccitatibus, ut possit esse in tumultus, ne siccitatibus, ut possit esse et tumultus microorganisms, ita ut possit esse longum tempus. Recens status. Iaponia utitur vastum sericum sicut rudis materia ad parare SOLANUM nova-observatio film, quod potest consequi nova-observatio effectus comparabiles ad quod frigus repono. Americae uti vegetabilis oleum et fructus ut pelagus rudis materiae ad coating humor, et custodi in sectis fructus recens, et invenit quod conservatio effectus est bonum.

Marquez et al. used whey protein and pectin as raw materials, and added glutaminase for cross-linking to prepare a composite edible film, which was used to coat fresh-cut apples, tomatoes and carrots, which can significantly reduce the weight loss rate. , Inhibere ad augmentum microorganisms in superficie nova sectis fructibus et legumina, et protongius PLUTEUM vita in praemissis servandi saporem et saporem recens-sectis fructus et legumina. Shi Lei et al. Tabulatur rubrum globe uvas cum chitosan mandi possunt amet, quae redigendum pondus damnum rate rate uvas ponere colorem et claritas uvarum et moram degradationem solutum solibus. Usura Chitosan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellosus et polyacryte sicut rudis materiae, Liu et al. Paratus mandi possunt films per multilayer coating pro nova-servatione fructus et legumina, et studuit eorum morphologia, aqua solubility, etc. eventus ostendit quod sodium carboxymethyl celluloso-chitosan, Glycerol compositum amet habebat optima conservatio effectus. Sol qinghen et al. Studied compositum film de Soybean dapibus segregat, quae adhibetur ad conservationem fraga, quod potest significantly reducere translationem fraga, inhibere sua respiratio, et redigendum rate of fructum. Ferreira et al. Usus fructum et vegetabilis residuum pulveris et annuum excorio pulveris ut parare compositum mandi possunt film, studuit aquam solubility et mechanica proprietatibus composita amet, et usus coating modum ad conservare Hawthorn. Eventus ostendit quod fasciae vita hawthorn fuit longior. L%, in pondus damnum rate minuitur a 30-57%, et organicum acid et humorem non mutare significantly. Fu Xiaowei et al. Studuit conservationem nova piperis by Chitosan mandi possunt, et eventus ostendit quod significantly reducere respiratio intensionem nova piperis in repono et mora senescit piperis. Navarro, tarazaga et al. Used Beeswax, mutatio HPMC mandi possunt, film ut conservare pruna. Eventus ostendit quod beeswax poterat amplio oxygeni et humorem obice proprietatibus et mechanica proprietatibus HPMC films. In pondus damnum rate of pruna est significantly reducitur, mollitie et sanguinem fructus durante repono sunt melius, et repono periodum pruna est longior. Tang Liying et al. solebat shellac alkali solution in amylo modificatio, parata mandi possunt packaging film, et studuit eius film proprietatibus; Simul, usura eius film-formatam liquidum ad tunicam mangoes enim novitatem potest efficaciter reducere spirans potest ne browning phaenomenon in repono, reducere pondus damnum rate et longum repono tempus.

1.1.3.4 Application in processus et conservationem cibum products

Escam products cum dives nutrients et altus aqua operatio sunt facile invasit Microorganisms in processus processus, translationem, repono et consummatio, unde in obscurationem coloris et adipem oxidatio et alia. Ut ad storage period et pfflen vita cibum products, necesse est experior inhibere actionem enzymes in cibum products et tumultus microorganisms super superficiem et ne deteriori coloris et odorem a adipem oxidatio. In praesens, mandi possunt, conservatio est unus ex communi modi late usus est in cibum conservationem domi et foris. Comparet cum traditional modum, quod inventus est invasionem externi microorganisms, in oxidative rancutiny pinguium et damnum ex sucus fuisse significantly melius in cibum products packaged in mandi possunt melius. PLUTEUM Vita extensa.

In investigationis in mandatum film de cibum products coepit in nuper 1950s, et maxime felix application casu fuit collagen eduleas film, quod est late in farcimine productio et processui. AMIROGLU et al. Addidit sesamae oleum ad soybean dapibus mandi possunt, ut antibacterial amet, et studuit eius antibacterial effectus in gelida bubulae. Eventus ostendit quod antibacterial film potest significantly inhibere reproduction et incrementum Staphylococcus aureus. Et al. Paravit proanthocyanidin mandi possunt film et usus est ad tunicam refrigerated suilla in novitate. Quod color, PH, TVB, N valorem, thiobarberbatus acidum et microbial comitem de suilla concisa post repono pro XIV diebus studuit. Eventus ostendit, quod mandi possunt reducere film of proanthocyanidins potest efficaciter reducere formationem thiobarbarbynic acidum, ne pingue acidum LARGITIO, reducere in excursio et reproduction of microorganisms in superficies cibum products, amplio et qualis est in cibum products, et ad repono tempus PLUTEUM vitae. Jiang Shaotong et al. Additae tea Polyphenols et Alicin ad amulum-sodium alginatis compositum membranam solutio, et usus eorum ut conservare ad novitatem frigidior suillam, quod potuit repono in 0-4 ° C plus quam XIX diebus. Carthago et al. nuntiavit in antibacterial effectus de collagen mandatum film addidit cum nisin antimicrobial agente in conservationem de suilla crustae, significans quod collagen edible film potest reducere humorem migrationis refrigerated Pork crustae, mora in Ranciding Cancelli Pork Products et addere II ad Ranciditatem Books Nisin habuit optimum conservationem effectus. Wang Rui et al. Studied mutationes sodium alginate, Chitosan et carboxymethyl fibra per comparativum analysis de PH, volatile basi NITROGENIUM, rubor et totalis numerus of colonias bubulae intra XVI diebus in repono. Tria genera mandi possunt films de Sodium Vitaminum erant solebant servare novitatem gelu bubulae. Eventus ostendit quod mandi possunt film de sodium alginate habuit idealis novitatem conservationem effectus. Caprioli et al. involvit cocta Turcia pectus cum sodium cinginate mandata mandi possunt, et tunc refrigerated illud IV ° c. Studiis ostensum est quod sodium Casinate mandi possunt film potest tardus in Turcia cibum in refrigeratur. de ranciding.

1.1.3.5 Application in conservatione productorum aquatilium

Qualis declines aquatilis products est maxime manifestatur in reductionem liberum humorem, deterioration flavor et deterioration of aquatilium productum textura. In decomposition of aquatilium products, oxidatio, denaturation et arida consummatio causatur per microbial incursio sunt omnes momenti factores afficiens de fasciae vitae aquatilium. Gelida repono est commune modum in conservationem aquatilium products, sed etiam erit quaedam gradus qualitatis degradation in processus, quod est maxime gravis pro luteis piscis.

Edibilis film conservationem aquatilium products coepit in nuper 1970s et iam late usus est. Edulis film potest efficaciter conservare gelida aquatilium products reducere aqua damnum et combined cum antioxidants ne adipem oxidatio, ita consequi ad extendendorum fasciae vita et fasciae vitae. Meenatchisundaram et al. Paravit a amythe-fundatur compositum mandi possunt film per amulum ut matricem et addidit aromatibus ut scidit et cinnamomum, et usus est in conservatione albus squilla. Eventus ostendit quod mandi possunt amulum film potest efficaciter inhibere incrementum de microorganisms, tardus et adipem oxidatio, protong ad X ° F Africeded White Samimp ad X ° C et XXIV ° F Africa. Cheng Yuanyuan et alii studuit conservative de Pullulan solution et ferri de luthwater pisces. Conservationem potest efficaciter inhibere incrementum microorganisms, tardus et oxidatio piscium dapibus et adipem, et optimum conservationem effectus. Yunus et al. iactaret arcus tructa cum GELATINA mandi possunt, ad quod sinus folium essential oleum additum, et studuit effectus ex refrigerated conservatio ad IV ° c. Eventus ostendit quod GELATINA mandi possunt amet erat effective in maintaining qualis est iridis tructa ad usque ad XXII diebus. Longum est. Wang Siwei et al. Usus sodium alginate, Chitosan et CMC sicut pelagus materiae, addidit Stearic acidum ad parare mandi possunt amet liquidam, et usus est ad tunicam Penae Vannami ad novitatem. In studiis ostendit quod compositum amet CMC et Chitosan liquidum habet bonum conservationem effectus et extend ad pluteo vitae per circuitum II diebus. Yang et alii usus Chitosan-tea Polyphenol mandi possunt film ad refrigerationem et conservationem novi hairtail, quod potest efficaciter inhibere in Reproduction of Bacteria in superficiei, et extend ad FLYMONIUM Volatile in superficiem et extend ad FLLYRATUS VELICUS HAIRTROL De XII diebus.

1.1.3.6 applicationem in frixum cibum

Cibus profundus frixus est cibus popularis late promptus ad comedendum cum magna output. Involvitur polysaccharide et dapibus cinematographicis edulis, quae impedire colorem possunt cibi mutationem in patinis processu et consumptionem olei minuere. Ingressum dolor et humorem [LXXX]. Coing frixum cibum cum gellan gummi potest reducere oleum consumptionem 35%-63%, ut cum sartagine sashimi, potest reducere consumptionem olei 63%; Cum torreri annuum astularum sartagines, oleum consumptionem 35%-63% reducere potest. Reducitur fuel consummatio per LX%, etc [LXXXI].

Singthong et al. Factus mandi possunt films de Polysaccharides ut sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulosa et pectin, quae sunt usus ad coating frixum Musa fixa, et studuit et oleum absorption rate cum sartagine. Eventus ostendit quod pectin et carboxyl in frixum Musa fixa denudat iactaret cum methylcellulose ostendit melius sensitivam quale, in quibus pectin edendi film habebat optimum effectus in reducing oleum effusio [LXXXII]. Holownia et al. Tarravit HPMC et Regina films super superficiem frixum pullum vittis studere mutationes in oleum consummatio, liberum pingue acidum contentus et color valorem in sartagine oleum. Pre-coating potest reducere oleum effusio et amplio oleum vitae [LXXXIII]. Sheng meixiang et al. Factus mandi possunt films de CMC, Chitosan et Soybean dapibus segregare, iactaret annuum eu et frixum eos ad altum temperatus studere et oleum effusio, aqua contentus, color, acrylamide contentus et sensuale qualis annuum eu. , Results ostendit quod soybean dapibus segregat mandi possunt film habet significant effectus in reducendo oleum consummatio ex frixum annuum eu, et chitosan edibilis film habet meliorem effectum in reducendo acrylamide content [LXXXIV]. Salvador et al. iactaret superficies frixum squid annulos triticum amulum, mutatio frumentum amulum, dextrin et glutine, quod potest amplio crispiness rate [LXXXV].

1.1.3.7 Application in coxit bona

Ediles film potest esse ut lenis coating ad amplio specie pistoria; can be used as a barrier to moisture, oxygen, grease, etc. to improve the shelf life of baked goods, for example, chitosan edible film is used to surface coating bread It can also be used as an adhesive for crisp snacks and snacks, Exempli gratia, assa peanuts saepe iactaret et adhesives ad tunica sal et condimenta [LXXXVII].

Et al Christus. Factus mandi possunt films de sodium alginate et whey interdum et iactaret super superficiem Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probiotic panem. In studiis ostendit quod superessendam rate of Probiotics fuit significantly melius, sed duo genera panis ostendit digestive machinationes sunt simillima, sic in membrana mandi possunt, et non mutare textura, et thermophysical proprietatibus non [LXXXVIII]. Panuwat et al. Additae Indian Gooseberry extractum in METHYL cellulosa matrice parare mandi possunt compositum film, et usus est ut conservare novitatem assami Cashews. Eventus ostendit quod compositus mandi possunt film potuit efficaciter inhibere assum cashews in repono. Et qualis deterioratus et fasciae vita assum cashews erat extenditur per usque ad XC dies [LXXXIX]. Schou et al. Factum est transparent et flexibile mandi possunt film est sodium cicerate et glyccerin, et studuit suum mechanica proprietatibus, aquam permeability et packaging effectus in coxit panem crustae. Eventus ostendit quod mandata edibilis film de sodium Castinate involvit panis. Postquam breading, in duritia potest reduci in VI h de repono in locus temperatus [XC]. Du et al. Lacus-fundatur usus-edulis et lycopersiciSusceptibility-fundatur mandi film addidit cum planta essentialis olea ut involvent coquam gallinacei, quod non solum inhibuit in gallinaceo, sed etiam aucta in gallinaceo postquam consectetur [XCI gallinaceo postquam etiam aucta est gallinaceo cum tellus, sed etiam aucta est gallinaceo postquam etiam aucta est gallinaceo, sed etiam aucta est gallinaceo cum tellus [XCI aucta et gallinaceo postquam auctum [XCI. Javanmard et al. Paratus mandi possunt film de triticum amulum et usus est ut involvent coctum pistachio nuclei. Eventus ostendit quod mandi possunt amulum film potuit ne oxidative ranciding nuces, amplio qualis est nuces, et protrahas eorum fasciae vita [XCII]. Majid et al. THEY usus dapibus mandi possunt ad tunicam arrogantis peanuts, quae potest crescere oxygeni obice, reducere erectis, et prolongius repono tempus [XCIII].

1.1.3.8 Application in Cupily Products

In Candy industria est princeps requisita ad diffusionem volatile components, ita ad scelerisque et candelas cum polita superficiei, necesse est uti aqua-solutum edibilis films ad reponere coating liquida quibus volatile components. In mandi possunt packaging film potest formare lenis tutela amet super superficiem Candy ad redigendum in migrationem oxygeni et humorem [XIX]. In applicationem of whey protein mandi possunt films in CUPPEDIA potest significantly reducere diffusio eius volatile components. Cum scelerisque adhibetur ad encapsulate oleum cibis ut crustula et eros butyrum, et oleum mos migrare ad exteriores layer de scelerisque, faciens scelerisque glutinosum et causing a "eicere gelidusque, et in a change in its flavor. Addit iacuit mandi possunt film packaging materia cum unctum munus potest solvere hoc quaestio [XCIV].

Nelson et al. pellicula methylcellulosa edibilis adhibita ad candelas tunicarum lipidorum multiplex continens et permeabilitatem lipidissimam nimis ostendit, ita inhibens phaenomenon frigoris in socolatis [95]. Meyeri hydrogel-cerae bilayer edibile ad manducationem gummi applicavit, quae eius adhaesionem emendare potuit, aquam volatilizationem minuere et vitam fasciae prorogare [21]. Water prepared by Fadini et al. Decollagen-cocoa butter edible composite film was studied for its mechanical properties and water permeability, and it was used as a coating for chocolate products with good results [96].

1.1.4 Cellulose, secundum mandi possunt films

Cellulosose-fundatur mandi possunt film est quaedam mandi possunt film ex abundantius cellulosose et ejus derivationes in natura ut pelagus rudis materiae. Cellulosose-fundatur mandi possunt amet est odorless et insipidum, et habet bonum mechanica vires, oleum obice proprietatibus, diaphany, flexibilitate et bonum Gas obice proprietates. Tamen, debitum ad Hydrophilic natura Cellulose, resistentia cellulosose-fundatur mandi film est aqua perficientur est plerumque relative pauper [LXXXII, 97-99].

Et cellulosose-fundatur mandi possunt ex vasto materiae in cibo industria productio potest obtinere mandi possunt packaging films cum praeclara perficientur, et potest reuse vastum materiae ad augendam valorem de products. Ferreira et al. Pulveris cum pulveris et vegetabilis fructum Pulvis cum Pellentesque Pulvis Pulvis Powder in cellulosose-fundatur mandi possunt compositum film, et applicantur eam ad coating de Hawthorn ad conservare novitatem, et effectum bonum residuum, et conservare et effectum bonum eventus [LXII]. Tan Huizi et al. usus est puritate alimentorum fibra extrahi ex faba fementa sicut basis materia et addidit quaedam moles thickener ut praeparare mandi possunt de soybean fibra, quod est bonum mechanica proprietatibus et opposita packaging ieiunium cibum noodle Est convenient et alunt ad solvere materiam sarcina directe in aquis calida.

Aqua-solutum cellulosose derivationes, ut methyl cellulosis (MC), carboxymethyl cellulosa (CMC) et hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), potest formare continua matrice et communiter in mandi possunt formare progressionem et research. Xiao Naiyu et al. Usus Mc sicut pelagus film-format subiectum, addidit polyethylene glycol et calcium chloride et alia auxilia materiae, paratus MCD edible film per mittentem modum, et applicantur ad conservationem Os. Et PLERICUM Vita Persici est 4.5 dies [CI]. ESMAEII et al. Paratus MCD edible film per casting et applicantur eam ad coating plantae essential oleum Microcapsules. Eventus ostendit quod Mc Film habet bonum oleum, obturans effectus et applicari ad cibum packaging ne pingue acid spilage [CII]. Tian et al. Mutatio MCD MEDIUS films cum stearic acidum et unsaturated pingue acida, quod posset amplio aqua-obturans proprietatibus Mc edible films [CIII]. Lai Fengying et al. Studuit effectum solvent type in film-formatam processus of mc mandi possunt film et obice proprietatibus et mechanica proprietatibus mandi possunt film [CIV].

Cmc membranae habent bonum obice proprietatibus ad O2, CO2 et olea, et late in agro cibi et medicina [XCIX]. Bifani et al. Paratus CMC membranae et effectum folium excerpta aqua obice proprietates Gas obice proprietates membranis. The results showed that the addition of leaf extracts could significantly improve the moisture and oxygen barrier properties of the membranes, but not for CO2. Et obice proprietatibus sunt ad concentration de extract [CV]. De MORA et al. prepared chitosan nanoparticles reinforced CMC films, and studied the thermal stability, mechanical properties and water solubility of the composite films. Eventus ostendere quod Chitosan Nanoparticles potest efficaciter amplio mechanica proprietatibus et scelerisque stabilitas CMC films. Sexus [XCVIII]. Ghanbarzadeh et al. Paravit CMC mandi possunt films et studied effectus Glycerol et Oleic acidum in physicochochemicis proprietatibus CMC films. The results showed that the barrier properties of the films were significantly improved, but the mechanical properties and transparency decreased [99]. Cheng et al. prepared a carboxymethyl cellulose-konjac glucomannan edible composite film, and studied the effect of palm oil on the physicochemical properties of the composite film. Eventus ostendit quod minor lipidorum microsheres potest significantly auget compositum amet. The surface hydrophobicity and the curvature of the water molecule permeation channel can improve the moisture barrier performance of the membrane [106].

HPMC habet bonum film-formatas proprietatibus et eius film est flexibile, transparent, hyalina et odorless, et habet bonum oleum-obice proprietatibus, sed ejus mechanica et aquam-obice proprietatibus postulo ut melius. Studium per Zuniga et al. showed that the initial microstructure and stability of the HPMC film-forming solution can significantly affect the surface and internal structure of the film, and the way oil droplets enter during the formation of the film structure can significantly affect the light transmittance and surface activity of the film. Et praeter ex agente potest amplio stabilitas de film-formatam solution, quae rursus afficit superficiem structuram et optical proprietatibus de film, sed mechanica proprietatibus et aere non reducitur [CVII]. Klangmuang et al. Usus organice modified luto et aphenas et beeswax ad augendae et modify hpmc mandi possunt amet ad amplio mechanica proprietatibus et obice proprietatibus HPMC film. In studiis ostendit quod post beeswax et lutum modificationem, mechanica proprietatibus HPMC mandi possunt film erant comparari ad eos mandi possunt amet. In perficientur de humorem components est melius [CVIII]. Dogan et al. Paratus HPMC mandi possunt amet, et usus microcrystalline cellulosis ad augendae et modify HPMC film et studuit aquam permeability et mechanica proprietatibus de film. Eventus ostendit quod humorem obice proprietatibus immutabile film non mutare significantly. : Sed ejus mechanica proprietatibus fuisse significantly melius [CIX]. Choi et al. Additae Oregano folium et Bergamot essential oleum in HPMC matrix parare mandi possunt compositum amet, et applicantur ad considerationem conservationem novi pruna. In studium ostendit quod mandi possunt compositum film potest efficaciter inhibere respiratio pruna, reducendo productio de ethylene, reducendo rate of pondus damnum, et meliorem qualis est pruna [CX]. EsteGlal et al. Medendis HPMC cum GELATINA parare mandi possunt compositum films et studied mandi possunt compositum films. Et physicochachalicis proprietatibus, mechanica proprietatibus et compatibility HPMC Gelatin ostendit quod in Tensile of HPMC GELATINA compositum films non mutare significantly, quod non potest esse in praeparatione capsules [CXI.] Villacres et al. Mechanica proprietatibus studuit, Gas proprietatibus et antibacterial proprietatibus HPMC-Cassava amulum mandi possunt compositum films. Eventus ostendit quod compositum films habuit bonum oxygeni obice proprietatibus et antibacterial effectus [CXII]. Byun et al. Paratus shellac-hpmc compositum membranes et studuit effectis de typis emulsifiers et shellac concentration in composito membranes. Eblulsifier reducitur aquae, interclusio proprietatibus compositi membranae, sed ejus mechanica proprietatibus non decrescit significantly; Et praeter de shellac magno improved in scelerisque stabilitatem de HPMC membranam, et effectus augeri cum augmentum sallac concentration [CXIII].

Starch is a natural polymer for the preparation of edible films. Hoc habet commoda wide fontem, humilis pretium, biocompatibility et nutritionis valorem, et late in cibum et pharmaceutical industries [114-117]. Recently, inquisitores in pura amulum edible films et amythe-fundatur mandi possunt compositum films ad cibum repono et conservationem emersit post alterum [CXVIII]. Amylosum amylum altum eiusque amylum hydroxypropylatae modificatum principales materiae sunt ad membranas amylos-fundatas edules praeparandas [119]. Amuli retrogradatio principalis ratio est eius capacitatis cinematographici formandi. In altiorem amylosam contentus, et Arctius intermolecular Bonding, facilius est ad producendum retrogradation, et melior film-formatam proprietatem et ultima tensile viribus film. maior. Amylose potest aqua-solutum films cum humilis oxygeni permeability, et obice proprietatibus summus amylose films non diminutio sub altum caliditas environments, quae potest defendat in packaged cibum [CXX].

Amulus edibilis pellicula, sine colore et inodora, bona diaphaneitatis, aquae solubilitatis et gasi obice proprietates habet, sed inter validam hydrophilicitatem et umorem pauperum proprietates obice ostendit, itaque in cibo oxygenii et olei impedimentum packaging maxime adhibetur [121-123]. In addition, starch-based membranes are prone to aging and retrogradation, and their mechanical properties are relatively poor [124]. Ut superare superius defectus, amulum potest esse mutatio per physica, eget, enzymatic, geneticae et additive modi ad amplio proprietatibus amythe-secundum mandi possunt emendare proprietatibus amallum, secundum mandi possunt emendare [CXIV].

Zhang Zhengmao et al. pellicula amyli edibilis ultra subtiliter adhibita ad fraga tunicam et invenit eam efficaciter minuere aquam damnum, solutionem soluti saccharo morari contentum, et efficaciter periodum fraga repositionis prorogare [125]. Garcia et al. amylum mutatum cum variis catenis rationibus ad obtinendum liquorem amylum cinematographicum modificatum, quod pro recenti fragum membranae cinematographici conservationis adhibitum est. Ratam et caducam ratem meliores fuerunt quam illi globi uncoated [126]. Ghanbarzadeh et al. amylum mutatum per acidum citricum crucis-connexionis et chemicae crucis-coniunctum amyli cinematographici adeptus est. Studiis ostensum est quod post crucem-vinculum mutatio, et humorem obice proprietatibus et mechanica proprietatibus amulum films sunt melius [CXXVII]. Gao Qunyu et al. Enahmatic hydrolysis curatio amulum et adeptus amulum mandi possunt film et mechanica proprietates ut tensile viribus, elongationem et plenae resistentia auctum est, et humorem actum est auctus augmentum et ad augmentum et ad augmentum et ad augmentum et ad augmentum et ad augmentum et humorem actum est. significantly melius [CXXVIII]. Parra et al. addita transversalis coniunctionis agentis cum amylo tapioca ad movendum edibile praeparandum cum bonis mechanicis proprietatibus et infimae aquae vaporum rate transmissionis [129]. Fonseca et al. usus sodium hypochloritis ad amulum annuum oxidize et praeparavit velum edendum amyli oxidizati. Investigatio demonstravit vaporum aquae eius transmissionis rate et aquae solubilitatem signanter reduci, quae ad sarcinam aquae activitatis cibi summus applicari possunt [130].

Componentes amulum cum aliis mandi possunt Polymers et plasticizers est momenti modum ut amplio proprietatibus amythe-secundum mandi possunt films. Nunc, vulgo polymerorum complexorum usus, sunt plerumque colloides hydrophilici, sicut pectinem, cellulosum, alga polysaccharide, chitosan, carrageenan et gummi xanthan[131].

Maria Roderici et al. usus annuum amulum et plasticizers et surfactants ut pelagus materiae ad parare amulum-fundatur mandi possunt, films, showing ut plasticizers potest augere film flexibilitate et surfactants potest reducere amet stretchability [CXXXII]. Santana et al. Usus Nanofibers ad augendae et modify Cassava amulum edible films et adeptus amylum-fundatur mandi possunt compositum films cum amplio mechanica proprietatibus, proprietatibus et scelerisque stabilitatem [CXXXIII]. Azevedo et al. Compositum Whey interdum cum Thermoplastic amulum parare a uniformis film materia, significans quod whey interdum et thermoplastic amulum fortis interfacialem amulum et whey dapibus potest significantly emendare amulum, et whey dapibus potest significantly amplio amulum dispositis. Aqua-obturans et mechanica proprietatibus mandi possunt films [CXXXIV]. Edhirej et al. Paratus a Tapioca-fundatur mandi possunt, et studied effectum plasticizer in physica et eget structuram, mechanica proprietatibus et scelerisque proprietatibus de film. Eventus ostendere quod genus et concentration de plasticizer potest significantly afficiunt ad Tapioca amulum film. Comparari cum aliis plasticizers ut urea et trithylene glycol, pectin habet optimum plasticizing effectus, et pectin-plasticized amulum film est bonum aquae obsidentes proprietatibus [CXXXV]. Sabermi et al. Usus Pisa amulum, Guar Gum et GLYCERINN ad praeparationem mandi possunt compositum films. Eventus ostendit quod Pisa amulum played a major partes in film crassitudine, densitas, cohaesionis, aquam permeability et tensile vires. Guar gum est afficiunt tensile vires et elastica modulus de membrana et glycerol potest amplio flexibilitate de membrana [CXXXVI]. Ji et al. Composita Chitosan et frumentum amulum et addidit calcium carbonate Nanoparticles ut parare amulum-secundum antibacterial amet. In studiis ostendit quod intermolecular hydrogenii vincula formatae inter amulum et Chitosan, et mechanica proprietatibus de film erant et antibacterial proprietatibus auctus [CXXXVII]. Meira et al. Auctus et mutatio frumentum amulum edibas antibacterial amet cum Kaolin Nanoparticles et mechanica et scelerisque proprietatibus compositum amet erant melius, et antibacterial effectus non affectus [CXXXVIII]. Ortega-Toro et al. Addidit HPMC ad amulum et addidit citric acidum parare mandi possunt amet. In studiis ostendit quod addition of HPMC et citric acid potest efficaciter inhibere senescentis amulum et reducere aquam permeability mandi possunt, sed oxygeni obice proprietates stillabunt [CXXXIX].

1.2 Polymerus hydrogels

Hydrogels genus sunt polymerorum hydrophilicorum cum structura retis trium dimensiva quae aqua insolubilis sed aqua tumescere potest. Macroscopically, a hydrogel has a definite shape, cannot flow, and is a solid substance. Microscopically, water-soluble molecules can be distributed in different shapes and sizes in the hydrogel and diffuse at different diffusion rates, so the hydrogel exhibits the properties of a solution. The internal structure of hydrogels has limited strength and is easily destroyed. Est in statu inter solidum et liquorem. It has a similar elasticity to a solid, and is clearly different from a real solid.

1.2.1 Overview de Polymer Hydrogels

1.2.1.1 genus polymer hydrogels

Polymer Hydrogel est a tres-dimensional network structuram formatae per corporis vel chemical crucem-vinculum inter polymer moleculis [143-146]. It absorbs a large amount of water in water to swell itself, and at the same time, it can maintain its three-dimensional structure and be insoluble in water. aquam.

Sunt multi modi ut referatur hydrogels. Secundum differentiam crucis vinculum proprietates potest dividitur in corporalis tibialibus eget tibia. Corporalis gels formatae a relative infirma hydrogenii vincula, ionicis vincula, Hydrophobic interactiones, van der Waals viribus et corporalis entanglement inter Polymer Molecular vincula et alia corporalis, et potest converti in solutiones et alias externum, et potest converti in solutiones et aliae physical, et potest converti in solutions et aliae externum et convertitur in solutiones in alias et in alias et converti potest in solutions et alias externa environments. Dicitur reversible gel; Chemical gel est plerumque a permanens tres-dimensional network structuram formatae per crucem-iunctio eget vincula talis ut covalent vincula in praesentia caloris, lux, initiantis et permanens, etiam Nam verum condensate [147-149]. Corporalis gels plerumque non eget eget modificatio et humilis toxicity, sed mechanica proprietates relative pauper et difficile sustinere magna externa lacus; Chemical gels fere meliorem stabilitatem et mechanica proprietatibus.

Ex diversis fontibus hydrogels dividitur in synthetica polymer hydrogels naturalis polymer hydrogels. Saccharum polymer Hydrogels sunt hydrogels formatae a eget polymeriza synthetica polymers, maxime comprehendo Polyacrylic Acidum, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene, etc.; Naturalis Polymer Hydrogels sunt Polymer Hydrogels formatae per crucem-iunctio naturalis Polymerorum ut Polysaccharides et proteins in natura, inter Cellulose, alginate, amulum, Agarose, Hyaluronic Acidum, GELATINA et Collagen [VI, VII, CL], CLI. Naturalis polymer Hydrogels solet habere christifidelium late fontem humilis et humilis toxicity, et synthetica polymer hydrogels plerumque facile et magnis cedit.

Secundum diversas gel partum, Hydrogels potest dividitur in frigore, adductus tellus et scelerisque-inductus telluris [CLVII]. Frigus gel, referred to ut frigus gel pro brevi, est Macromolecule, quod est in forma temere coils ad altum temperatus. Per refrigerationem processus, debitum ad actiones intermolecular hydrogenii vincula, helical fragmenta sunt paulatim formatae, per perficiendum processus a solutio. Transitus ad Gel [CLVIII]; Thermo-adductus Gel, referred to as scelerisque gel, est Macromolecule in solution rei publicae ad humilis temperatus. Per calefactio processus, a tres dimensional network structuram formatur per hydrophobic commercium, etc., ita completing gelaer transitus [CLIX], CLX].

Hydrogels can also be divided into homopolymeric hydrogels, copolymerized hydrogels and interpenetrating network hydrogels based on different network properties, microscopic hydrogels and macroscopic hydrogels based on different gel sizes, and biodegradable properties. Aliter dividitur in degradable hydrogels et non-degradable hydrogels.

1.2.1.2 Applicationem naturalis polymer hydrogels

Natural polymer hydrogels have the characteristics of good biocompatibility, high flexibility, abundant sources, sensitivity to the environment, high water retention and low toxicity, and are widely used in biomedicine, food processing, environmental protection, agriculture and forestry production and It has been widely in industria et aliis agris [CXLII, 161-165].

Applicationem naturalis polymer hydrogels in biomedical related agris. Natural polymer hydrogels have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and no toxic side effects, so they can be used as wound dressings and directly contact human tissues, which can effectively reduce the invasion of microorganisms in vitro, prevent the loss of body fluids, and allow oxygen to pass through. Promotes wound healing; potest ad parare contactus lentium, cum commoda comfortable circumdatio, bonum oxygeni permeability, et auxilia de oculo morborum [CLXVI, CLXVII]. Naturalis Polymers sunt similes structuram viventem textuum et participare in normalis metabolismi humani corporis, ut tam hydrogels potest esse quod TEXTUS ipsum scaffled materiae, TEXTUS ipsum canaragine reparatione, etc. TEXTUS Engineering potest classificatis in pre- shaped and injection-moulded scaffolds. Pre-fingitur stents utilitas aquam specialis tres-dimensiva network structuram de gel enables eam ludere quaedam supporting munus in biological textuum dum providente specifica et sufficiens incrementum spatium, et potest etiam inducere et sufficiens incrementum spatium, et quoque inducere potest et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et inducere et sufficiens incrementum spatium, et quoque inducere et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia et degradationem et incrementum, differentia, et inducere et sufficiens incrementum spatium, et quoque inducere et incrementum, differentia, et inducere et incrementum, et degradationem absorption by the human body [168]. Iniectio-fingitur stents utendum est phase transitus mores hydrogels ut rapidly formare gels post infusum in fluxus solution statu, quod potest minimize dolor aegris [CLXIX]. Quidam naturalis polymer hydrogels environmentally sensitivo, ita ut late usus est ut medicamento, regi solvendis materiae, ut medicinae in ea potest dimitti ad requiritur partes humani corporis in opportuno et quantitatis modo, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno et quantitative, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno, et quantitatis, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno et quantitatis, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno et quantitatis modo, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno et quantitatis modo, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno et quantitatis modo, reducendo ad corporis in opportuno et quantitatis modo, reducendo ad corporis in intempestivo et quantitatis, reducendo in humano corpore, et in partibus, et latus Effectus ad pharmaca in humano corpore [CLXX].

Applicationem naturalis polymer hydrogels in cibum-related agris. Natural polymer hydrogels are an important part of people's three meals a day, such as some desserts, candies, meat substitutes, yogurt and ice cream. Saepe usus est ut cibum additive in cibum commoditatibus, quae potest amplio ejus physica proprietatibus et dare eam lenis gustum. Exempli gratia, quod est usus ut in Soups et sauces, sicut emulsifier in sucus, et sicut suspendit agente. In milk drinks, as a gelling agent in puddings and aspics, as a clarifying agent and foam stabilizer in beer, as a syneresis inhibitor in cheese, as a binder in sausages, as starch retrogradation Inhibitors are used in bread and butter [171-174 ]. From the Food Additives Handbook, it can be seen that a large number of natural polymer hydrogels are approved as food additives for food processing [175]. Natural polymer hydrogels are used as nutritional fortifiers in the development of health products and functional foods, such as dietary fibers, used in weight loss products and anti-constipation products [176, 177]; Ut prebiotics, sunt in colonic salutem cura products et products ad prohibendam colonia cancer [CLXXVIII]; natural polymer hydrogels can be made into edible or degradable coatings or films, which can be used in the field of food packaging materials, such as fruit and vegetable preservation, by coating them on fruits and vegetables On the surface, it can prolong the shelf life Fructus et legumina et custodiunt fructus et legumina recens et tenera; Potest etiam esse ut packaging materiae ad commodum cibis ut tomacula et condita facilitate Purgato [CLXXIX, CLXXX].

Applicationes hydrogelorum polymerorum naturalium in aliis campis. Secundum necessitates quotidianas, addi potest cura cute cremeo vel fuco, quod fieri non solum prohibet, ne exarescat in reposita, sed etiam diuturna cutis madefaciat et madefaciat; potest adhiberi ad ferendam, humectationem et tardam remissionem odorum in pulchritudine rutrum; Adhiberi potest in necessitatibus quotidianis sicut in charta mantilibus et diapers [181]. In agricultura, siccitatis resistere ac seminibus tueri et laboris intensionem resistere potest; sicut agens coating semina plantarum, potest signanter augere germinationem rate seminum; when used in seedling transplanting, it can increase the survival rate of seedlings; pesticides, improve utilization and reduce pollution [182, 183]. In terms of environment, it is used as a flocculant and adsorbent for sewage treatment that often contains heavy metal ions, aromatic compounds and dyes to protect water resources and improve the environment [184]. In industry, it is used as dehydrating agent, drilling lubricant, cable wrapping material, sealing material and cold storage agent, etc. [185].

1.2.2 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thermogel

Cellulose est naturalis Macromolecular compositis, quae est studied primis, habet closest necessitudinem cum hominibus, et est maxime abundat in natura. It is widely present in higher plants, algae and microorganisms [186, 187]. Cellulosum sensim attentionem attraxit ob latum suum fontem, parvum pretium, renovatum, biodegradabile, tutum, non-toxicum, et bonam biocompatibilitatem [188].

1.2.2.1 Cellulose et eius Aether derivationes

Cellulose is a linear long-chain polymer formed by the connection of D-anhydroglucose structural units through β-1,4 glycosidic bonds [189-191]. Insolubilis. Except for one end group at each end of the molecular chain, there are three polar hydroxyl groups in each glucose unit, which can form a large number of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds under certain conditions; et Cellulose est polycyclic structuram, et mocyclicular torquem est semi-rigidum. Chain, high crystallinity, and highly regular in structure, so it has the characteristics of high degree of polymerization, good molecular orientation, and chemical stability [83, 187]. Since the cellulose chain contains a large number of hydroxyl groups, it can be chemically modified by various methods such as esterification, oxidation, and etherification to obtain cellulose derivatives with excellent application properties [192, 193].

Cellulose derivationes sunt unus de prima investigentur et produci products in agro Polymer Chemistry. Sunt polymer denique eget materiae cum amplis usus, quae sunt chemica mutatio a naturali polymer Cellulose. Inter eos, cellulosose aethere late usus est. Est unum ex maxime momenti eget rudis materiae in Industrial applications [CXCIV].

Sunt multa varietates cellulis aether, quae plerumque habent eorum unique et optimum proprietatibus, et late in multis agris ut cibo et medicina [CXCV]. Mc est simplicissima genus Cellulose aether cum Methyl coetus. Cum incremento substitutionis gradum, potest dissolvi in ​​diluto alkaline solutio, aqua, alcohol et aromaticum hydrocarbon solvendo rursus, showing unicum scelerisque gel proprietatibus. [CXCVI]. CMC est anionic Cellulose aether aethere a natura Cellulose per alcalization et acidification.

1.2.2.2 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compages

Hydroxypropyl methyl Cellulose (HPMC), quod M. MAGISTRATUS est ostensum est in Figura 1-3, est typical non-Ionic aqua-solutum Cellulose mixto aether. Et Methyl Methyl chloride et propylyonation cadmiae est ferri ad obtinendum [200.201] et eget reactionem aequationem ostenditur in Figura 1-4.

There are hydroxy propoxy (-[OCH2CH(CH3)] n OH), methoxy (-OCH3) and unreacted hydroxyl groups on the structural unit of HPMC at the same time, and its performance is the reflection of the joint action of various groups. [CCII]. Ratio inter duas substituantibus determinatur per Missam Ratio duorum etherifying agentia, concentration et missa sodium hydroxide et Missam Ratio etherifying Agentibus per unitas Missam de Cellulose [CCIII]. Hydroxy propoxy est activae coetus, quae potest esse amplius alkylated et hydroxy alkalated; Hoc coetus est hydrophilic coetus cum diu ramosis catenam, quae ludit quaedam partes in plasticizing intra catenam. Mthoxy est finis-capping coetus, quae ducit ad inactivation huius reactionem site post reactionem; Hoc coetus est Hydrophobic coetus et habet relative brevi structuram [CCIV, CCV]. Unreacted et nuper introduced hydroxyl coetibus potest permanere substitui, unde in magis complexu finalis eget structuram et HPMC proprietatibus variantur in quadam range. For HPMC, a small amount of substitution can make its physicochemical properties quite different [206], for example, the physicochemical properties of high methoxy and low hydroxypropyl HPMC are close to MC; The performance of HPMC is close to that of HPC.

(I) Thermogelability de HPMC

Et HPMC torquem habet unique hydratationis, siccitatibus, siccitatibus debitum ad introductio hydrophobic-methyl et hydrophilic-hydroxypropyl coetus. Gelationem paulatim conversionem calefactam patitur et ad solutionem status post refrigerationem revertitur. Hoc est, scelerisque proprietates gel induxit, et phaenomenon gelatio est processus convertibilis sed non idem.

Regarding the gelation mechanism of HPMC, it is widely accepted that at lower temperatures (below the gelation temperature), HPMC in solution and polar water molecules are bound together by hydrogen bonds to form A so-called “birdcage”-like supramolecular structure. Sunt quidam simplex implicantibus inter mocecular vincula hydrated HPMC, praeter quod pauci sunt interactiones. When the temperature increases, HPMC first absorbs energy to break the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between water molecules and HPMC molecules, destroying the cage-like molecular structure, gradually losing the bound water on the molecular chain, and exposing hydroxypropyl and methoxy groups. As the temperature continues to increase (to reach the gel temperature), HPMC molecules gradually form a three-dimensional network structure through hydrophobic association, HPMC gels eventually form [160, 207, 208].

The addition of inorganic salts has some effect on the gel temperature of HPMC, some decrease the gel temperature due to salting out phenomenon, and others increase the gel temperature due to salt dissolution phenomenon [209]. Cum autem etiam sales ut Nacl, in phaenomenon de salsam de occurs et gel temperatus de HPMC decrescit [CCX, CCXI]. After salts are added to HPMC, water molecules are more inclined to combine with salt ions, so that the hydrogen bond between water molecules and HPMC is destroyed, the water layer around the HPMC molecules is consumed, and the HPMC molecules can be released quickly for hydrophobicity. Association, temperatus de gel formatio paulatim decrescit. Sed cum sales ut NASCN addantur, phaenomenon salis dissolutio et gel temperatus HPMC auget [CCXII]. The order of the decreasing effect of anions on the gel temperature is: SO42− > S2O32− > H2PO4− > F− > Cl− > Br− > NO3−> I− > ClO4− > SCN− , the order of cations on the Gel temperatus incremento est: Li +> na +> k +> mg2 +> CA2 +> BA2 + [CCXIII].

Cum aliquae parvae moleculae organicae, uti sunt alcohole monohydrici, continentes coetus hydroxyli, additis gel temperatura cum augmento additionis, maximum valorem ostendit et tunc decrescit usque dum tempus separatio fiat [214, 215]. Hoc maxime ob pondus parvum hypotheticum, quod cum moleculis aquae magnitudine comparatur, et miscibilitas hypotheticae, post compositionem, consequi potest.

(2) Solubilitas HPMC

HPMC habet calida aqua insolubilis et frigus-aqua soluble proprietatibus similes MC, sed potest dividitur in frigore dispersione genus et calidum dispersionem genus secundum diversum aqua solubility [CCIII]. Frigus-dispersit HPMC potest cito dispergere in aquam frigida aqua et viscositas crescit post tempus et vere dissolvi aquam; calor dispersus HPMC contra ostendit agglomerationem cum aqua adiecta in inferiore temperie, sed difficilius est addere. In aqua calidissima, HPMC cito dissipari potest, et viscositas augetur postquam temperatura decrescit, realis HPMC solutione aquea facta. Solubilitas HPMC in aquis se habet ad materias metho- oxys, quae insolubiles sunt in aqua calida supra 85 °C, 65 °C, et 60 °C ab alto ad imum. Communiter, HPMC in solvendo organico insolubilis est ut acetona et chloroformia, sed solubilis in solutione aquea ethanolo et organicis solutionibus mixta.

Et non-ionicae naturam HPMC facit ut non ionized in aqua, sic non agere cum metallum ions ad praecipiti. Tamen etiam sal voluntate afficiunt temperatus ad quam HPMC gel formatur. Cum sale concentratio crescit gel temperatus HPMC decrescit; when the salt concentration is lower than the flocculation point, the viscosity of the HPMC solution can be increased, so in application, the purpose of thickening can be achieved by adding an appropriate amount of salt [210, 216].

In genere, HPMC stabilitatem acido-basi validam habet et a pH ad pH 2-12 non afficitur. HPMC shows resistance to a certain degree of dilute acid, but shows a tendency to decrease in viscosity for concentrated acid; alkalis have little effect on it, but can slightly increase and then slowly decrease the solution viscosity [217, 218].

(V) Influere factor de HPMC Viscosity

HPMC pseudoplastica est, eius solutio stabilis est in cella temperie, eiusque viscositas a pondere hypothetico, concentratione et temperie afficitur. Eodem attentione, quo altior HPMC pondus hypotheticum, eo superior viscositas; ad idem pondus hypotheticum productum, quo intentio HPMC altior, eo viscositas superior; the viscosity of the HPMC product decreases with the increase of temperature, and reaches the gel formation temperature, with a sudden increase in viscosity due to gelation [9, 219, 220].

(VI) Alii proprietatibus HPMC

HPMC habet fortis resistentia ad enzymes et resistentia ad enzymes crescit in gradu substitutionis. Ideo in uber habet magis stabilis qualitas durante repono quam aliis sugar products [CLXXXIX, CCXII]. HPMC habet quidam emulsifying possessiones. Hydrophobic methoxy coetus potest adsorbed super superficiem et oleum tempus in EMULSIO formare a densissima adsorption layer, quod potest agere sicut tutela iacuit; Aqua-solutum hydroxyl coetus potest esse cum aquam ad amplio continuum tempus. Viscositas, inhibits ad coolescence dispersit Phase, reduces superficiem tensionem, et stabilit EMULSIO [CCXXI]. HPMC potest esse mixta cum aqua-solutum polymentes ut GELATINA, Methylcellosa, lucust faba gummi, carragens et gum Arabica ad formare a uniformis et transparent solutio et polyethylene glycol. [CC, CCI, CCXIV].

1.2.2.4 Problemata in applicatione hydroxypropyl methylcellulosi existentes

Primo, in altum pretium terminum late applicationem de HPMC. Licet HPMC film habet bonum diaphanum, uncto obice proprietatibus et mechanica proprietatibus. Tamen, eius princeps pretium (de 100,000 / ton) fines eius late applicationem, etiam in altiorem-valorem pharmaceutical applications ut Capsulae. Et ideo HPMC est ita sumptuosus est, quod est quod rudis materia cellulosa solebat parare HPMC est relative carus. In addition, duo substituent coetibus, hydroxypropyl coetus et methoxy coetus, sunt inserentur in HPMC simul, quod facit eius praeparatio processus difficillimum. Complex, ita HPMC products sunt magis pretiosa.

Secundo humilitatem viscositas humilis gel fortitudinem proprietatibus HPMC ad humilis temperaturis reducere processerunt variis applications. HPMC est scelerisque gel, quod est in solutione publica cum humilitate viscositas humilis temperatus, potest formare viscosis solidum, sicut gel ad altum temperatus, ita processibus ut coating, spraying et processing ut ferri temperatus . Alioquin solutio facile influunt, unde in formatione non-uniformis film materia, quae erit afficit qualis et perficientur ex uber. Tales caliditas operatio augetur difficultate coefficientem operationem, unde in altum productio industria consummatio et princeps productio sumptus.

AMICUS est naturalis polymer compositis per photosynthesis plantarum in naturali elit. Constituent Polysaccharides sunt plerumque in seminibus et tubers plantarum in forma granulis cum proteins, fibris, olea, sugars et mineralia. aut in radix [CCXXII]. VERTIGO non solum pelagus fons industria attractio ad populum, sed etiam an maximus industriae rudis materia. Propter eius wide, humilis pretium, viridi, naturalis et renovabili, quod est late in cibo et medicina, fermentationem, papermaking, textileum et PETROLEUM Industries [CCXXIII].

Polymer cujus naturalis cujus strari unitas est α-d-Anhydroglucosa unitas. Diversis unitatibus connectuntur a glycosidic vincula, et eius mocularium formula est (c6h10o5) n. Pars Moleculi torquem in amulum granulis coniungitur per α-1,4 glycosidic vincula, quae linearem amylose; Alius pars est moceculi catenam coniungitur per α-1,6 glycosidic vincula in hoc basis, quod est ramosam Amylopectin [CCXXIV]. In starch granulis sunt crystallina regiones in quo moleculis disposita ordine et amorphos regiones in quo moleculis disposita inordinate. Pars compositionem. Non est clara terminus inter crystallinum regionem et amorphus regionem et Amylopectin moleculis transire per plures crystallina regiones et amorphous. Secundum naturalem naturam amulum synthesis, in Polysaccharide structuram in amulum variatur cum planta species et fontem sites [CCXXV].

Although starch has become one of the important raw materials for industrial production due to its wide source and renewable properties, native starch generally has disadvantages such as poor water solubility and film-forming properties, low emulsifying and gelling abilities, and insufficient stability. Ad expand ad applicationem range, amulum est plerumque physicochochemically mutatio ad aptet ad diversas applicationem requisitis [XXXVIII, CXIV]. Sunt tres liberos hydroxyl coetus in se GLYCOSA structural unitas in amulum moleculis. These hydroxyl groups are highly active and endow starch with properties similar to polyols, which provide the possibility for starch denaturation reaction.

Post modificationem, aliqui proprietatibus patria amulum fuisse melius ad magna quatenus, vincit usum defectuum de patria amulum, ita mutatio amulum plays a Pivotal in current industria [CCXXVI.] Oxidized amulum est unus de maxime late usus mutatio starches cum relative mature technology. Comparari patria amulum, oxidized amulum est facillimus ad gelatinize. Utilitas adhaesionem. AMERICATION AMY AMY AMBULATIO ESTRIVATIVIBUS ESTRICTATIONIBUS Hydroxyl coetus in amulum moleculis. A valde humilis gradus substitutione potest significantly mutare proprietatibus patria amulum. Et diaphanum et film-formatam proprietatibus amulum crustulum sunt manifesto melior. Etherified amulum est Eherone reactionem de hydroxyl coetus in amulum moleculis generate Polystarch aether et retrogradation est infirmata. Sub fortis alkaline condiciones quod oxidized amulum et eserified amulum non potest esse, in aether vinculum potest etiam manere relative stabilis. prone ad hydrolysis. Acidum-modified amulum, amulum agitur acidum ad augendam amulum contentus, unde in amplificata retrograd et amulum crustulum. Est relative transparent et forms solidum gel in refrigerationem [CXIV].

1.2.3.2 hydroxypropyl amulum stricturam

Hydroxypropylesta amulum (HPS), cuius mulgeret structuram ostensum est in figuras 1-4, est a non-Ionic amulum de propylene cadmiae cum amulum in alkaline conditionibus propylene [CCXXVII, CCXXVIII], et ejus EXPLORATIO reactionem aequationem ostensum est in Figura 1-6.

During the synthesis of HPS, in addition to reacting with starch to generate hydroxypropyl starch, propylene oxide can also react with the generated hydroxypropyl starch to generate polyoxypropyl side chains. gradum substitutionis. Degree of substitution (DS) refers to the average number of substituted hydroxyl groups per glucosyl group. Most of the glucosyl groups of starch contain 3 hydroxyl groups that can be replaced, so the maximum DS is 3. The molar degree of substitution (MS) refers to the average mass of substituents per mole of glucosyl group [223, 229]. The process conditions of the hydroxypropylation reaction, the starch granule morphology, and the ratio of amylose to amylopectin in the native starch all affect the size of the MS.

(I) frigus gelaer of HPS

Gelatinized amylose continuously tollat ​​formare coaxial unum helical structuram. Et extra hos helical structurae est hydrophilic coetus, et intus est hydrophobic cavum. In summus temperatus, HPS existit in aqueum solution ut temere vel ex quibusdam helical segments extendat. When the temperature is lowered, the hydrogen bonds between HPS and water are broken, the structural water is lost, and the hydrogen bonds between molecular chains are continuously formed, finally forming a three-dimensional network gel structure. Et impletionem tempus in gel network of amulum est RELICTUM amulum granulis et fragmenta post gelatinization, et intertvenientium de aliquo Amylopectin etiam confert ad formationem gel [230-232].

Introductio Hydrophilic hydroxypropyl coetus debilit fortitudinem hydrogenii vincula inter amulum moleculis, promovet motus amuli moleculis vel segmentis, et reduces in liquido temperatus microcrystals; Structura amulum granulis mutatur et superficies amulum granulis aspera ut temperatus augetur, quidam rimas vel foramina apparent, ut aqua moleculis facile intrare intus amulum granulis, facilius ad intus amulum granulis, facillime facilius ad intus amulum granulis, facillime facilius ad intus amulum granulis, facillime facilius ad intus amulum granulis, facillime facillimus ad turgere et gelatinize Ita gelatinizatio temperatus amulum decrescit. Sicut gradus substitutionis auget, gelatinization temperatus hydroxypropyly amulum decrescit, postremo potest tumescere in frigore aqua. Post hydroxypropylation, flas floscal, humilis temperatus stabilitatem, diaphanum, solubility, et film-formatas proprietatibus amulum pastes sunt melius [233-235].

(III) De stabilitate HPS

HPS est a non-Ionic amulum aether cum princeps stabilitatem. During chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and cross-linking, the ether bond will not be broken and the substituents will not fall off. Therefore, the properties of HPS are relatively less affected by electrolytes and pH, ensuring that it can be used in a wide range of acid-base pH [236-238].

1.2.3.4 HPS application of the field of food and medicine

HPS non-toxicus et insipidum, cum bonum concoctionem perficientur et relative humilis hydrolyzate viscositas. Est agnita ut tutum mandi possunt mutatio amulum domi et foris. Ut mane sicut in 1950s, Civitatum Foederatarum probatus hydroxypropyl amulum pro recta usum in cibo [CCXXIII, CCXXIX, CCXXXVIII]. HPS est modified amulum late in cibum agri, maxime usus est quasi crasso agente, suspending agente et stabilitor.

Potest esse in commodum cibis et gelida cibis ut potiones, glacies crepito, et jams; Partially potest reponere summus pretium mandi possunt gens ut GELATINA; Potest fieri in mandi films et usus ut cibum coatings et packaging [CCXXIX, CCXXXVI].

HPS in agro medicinali vulgo adhibetur ut fillers, ligatores pro frugibus medicinalibus, tabulae dissolutae, materiae pharmaceuticae mollia et dura capsulae, medicamenta coatingia, agentia anti- densantia pro cellulis sanguineis rubris et plasmatis crassioribus arteriis, etc.[239] .

1.3 polymer componendo

Polymer materiae sunt late in omnibus facies vitae et necessaria et momenti materiae. In continua progressionem scientia et technology facit populus scriptor requisitis magis et diverse, et plerumque difficile ad unum, component polymer materiae ad occursum diverse applicationem requisitis hominum. Combining two or more polymers is the most economical and effective method to obtain polymer materials with low price, excellent performance, convenient processing and wide application, which has attracted the attention of many researchers and has been paid more and more attention [ 240-242] .

1.3.1 proposito et modum polymer compositione

Pelagus proposito Polymer componendo (L) ad optimize in comprehensive proprietatibus materiae. Alia polymers sunt composita, ut ad extremum compositis retinet optimum proprietatibus unam Macromolecule, discit ab invicem in vires et complements ejus infirmitates et optimizes in comprehensive proprietatibus et optimizes in proprietatibus polymer materiae et optimizes comprehensive proprietatibus et optimizes ad comprehensive de Polymer Material. (II) reducere materiam sumptus. Quidam polymer materiae habere optimum proprietatibus, sed sunt pretiosa. Ideo non potest composita cum aliis insumptuosus polymerers ad redigendum costs sine afficiens usum. (III) amplio materiam dispensando proprietatibus. Quidam materiae habere optimum proprietatibus sed difficile ad aliquid, et idoneam alias Polymers potest addidit ad amplio eorum dispensando proprietatibus. (IV) ad confirma quaedam res de materia. Ut amplio perficientur de materia in specifica aspectu, alia polymer est ad mutare eam. (V) develop novum munera materiae.

Commune Polymer componens modi (l) liquefacing compositionem. Sub tonsione actiones in componendo apparatu, diversis polymers sunt calefacta ad superpositum viscosa fluunt temperatus ad compositionem et refrigeratum et granulatae post componendis. (II) Recontitution. Duo components excitatur et mixta utendo communi solvendo vel dissolvi diversis polymer solutiones excitatur aequaliter et tunc solvendo removeatur polymer compositis. (III) EMULSIO compositionis. Post commiring et miscentes diversis polymer emulsiones eundem emulsifier type, coagulant additur co-praecipitant Polymer ad consequi polymer compositis. (IV) copolymerization et componendo. Comprehendo inserere copolymerization, obstructionum copolymerization et reactive copolymerization, in componendo processus est cum eget elit. (V) Interpenetrating Network [X].

1.3.2 compositionem naturalis Polysaccharides

Naturalis Polysaccharides sunt communi genere polymer materiae in natura, quae plerumque chemica mutatio et exhibent varietate optimum proprietates. Sed una polysaccharide materiae saepe habent quidam perficientur limitations, ita diversis polysaccharides sunt saepe compositum ad consequi ad complementing perficientur commoda cuiusque pars et expanding perscribere. Ut mane sicut in 1980s, investigationis in componendo de diversis naturalis Polysaccharides habet auctus secundum substantiam [CCXLIII]. In investigationis in natura Polysaccharide compositis ratio domi et foris plerumque focuses in compositis ratio de curdlan et non-curdlan et compositis ratio duas species non-butyrum polysaccharide.

1.3.2.1 genus naturalis Polysaccharide Hydrogels

Naturalis Polysaccharides potest dividi in curdlan et non-curdhon secundum facultatem ad formam gels. Quidam Polysaccharides potest formare gels se, ita dicuntur Rurdlan, ut Carrageenan, etc.; Alii non gelling proprietatibus se, et dicuntur non-butyrum polysaccharides, ut Xanthan gum.

Hydrogels potest adeptus per solutionem naturalis curdhad in aqueum solutio. Secundum de thermoreversibility ex gel et temperatus dependentia ad suum modulum, potest esse subdividitur in sequentibus quatuor genera [CCXLIV]:

(I) Cryogel, Polysaccharide solutio potest non solum obtinere gel ad humilis temperatus, ut Carregeenan.

(2) Thermally gel, polysaccharidis solutio inducta tantum gel ad caliditatem caliditatem obtinendam potest, sicut glucomannan.

(III) Polysaccharide solutio non solum obtinere gel ad minus temperatus, sed etiam obtinere gel ad superius temperatus, sed praesentem solutio status ad intermedii temperatus.

(IV) solutio potest solum obtinere gel ad quaedam temperatus in medio. Diversus naturalis curdhad habet suum discrimine (minimum) concentration, supra quod gel potest adeptus. Critica concentration gel est ad continuum longitudinem Polysaccharide Molecular torquem; Fortitudo gel est valde affectus a concentratione et m. pondus solution et plerumque, in robore gel crescit sicut concentratio crescit [CCXLV].

1.3.2.2 compositis ratio de curdlan et non-curdlan

Componentis non-curdlan cum curdlan plerumque amplio gel vires polysaccharides [CCXLVI]. Et componendo de Konjac gum et Carrageenan Enhances stabilitatem et gel elasticitas compositum gel network structuram, et signanter amplio eius gel vires. Wei Yu et al. Composita Carrageenan et Konjac gum, et de quibus gel structuram post componendis. In studio invenitur quod post componens carrageenan et Konjac gum, a synergistic effectus fuit productum, et a network structuram dominatur per Carrageenan est formatae, Konjac gummi est dispersit in ea, et gel network est densior, quam de pura Carrageenan [CCXLVII]. Kohyama et al. studied in compositis system de Carrageenan / Konjac Gum, et eventus ostendit quod cum continua augmentum et mocecular pondus konjac gummi, rumpitur accentus de composito gel continued ad augendam; Konjac gum cum diversis mocecular pondera ostendit similes gel formation. temperatus. In hoc compositis ratio, in formationem gel network est suscepimus per carragenan et commercium inter duas curdhlan molecules results in formationem infirma crucis, coniunctum regiones [CCXLVIII]. Nishinari et al. studied Gellan Gum / Konjac Gum compositis ratio et eventus ostendit quod effectus Monovalent Cations in compositis gel fuit magis pronuntiata. Potest crescere ratio modulus et gel formationem temperatus. Divalent Cations potest promovere formationem compositi rivus ad quaedam quatenus, sed nimia amounts erit causa phase separationem et reducere modulum de systematis [CCXLVI]. Et al. Studuit componendi de Carrageenan, locustae faba gum et konjac gum, et invenit quod Carrageenan, lucustae faba gum et konjac gummi potest producere synergistic gum et konjac gummi potest producere synergistic effectus, et optimal ratio est locustas faba gum / carrageenan I: Konjac Gum / Carragenan I, VII Et cum tria composita sunt simul, in synergistic effectus est idem quod de Carrageenan / Konjac gummi, significans quod non est specialis compositio trium. Commercio [CCXLIX].

1.3.2.2 Duo non-curdlan compositis systems

Duo naturalis Polysaccharides quod non habent gel proprietatibus potest exhibere gel proprietatibus per compositionem, unde in gel products [CCL]. Combining locust faba gum cum Xanthan gum producit synergistic effectum, quod inducit formationem novis gels [CCLI]. Novum gel productum potest etiam adeptus per addendo Xanthan gum ad Konjac Glucomannan ad compositionem [CCLII]. Wei Yanxia et al. Studied in proprietatibus in universa locustae faba gum et Xanthan gum. Eventus ostendere quod compositis et lucust bean gum et Xanthan gum producit synergistic effectus. Cum autem compositis volumine est IV: VI, fortissimum synergistic effectus [CCLIII]. Fitzsimons et al. Compositum Konjac Glucomannan cum Xanthan gum ad locus temperatus et sub calefactio. Eventus ostendit quod omnes componit exhibitum gel proprietatibus, reflectendo in synergistic effectus inter duo. Et componens temperatus et structural statu Xanthan gum non afficit commercium inter duas [CCLIV]. Guo Shouujun et alii studied originali misce de sus Feces Bean Gum et Xanthan Gum, et eventus ostendit Porcus Feces Bean Gum et Xanthan gum habere fortis synergistic effectus. Optimal componendo proportionem Porcus Feces Bean Gum et Xanthan Gum compositis tenaces est 6/4 (w / w). Est CII temporibus, quod ex uno solution Soybean gummi et gel est formatae cum concentratione de compositis gum pervenit 0,4%. In compositis tenaces habet princeps viscositas, bonum stabilitatem et rhematicis proprietatibus et optimum cibum-gingivis [CCLV].

Compatibilitatem ex thermodynamic parte refert ad consequi molecular-gradu compatibility, etiam ut mutua solubility. Secundum Flory-Huggins Model Theoria, De Free Energy Mutare de Polymer compositis ratio in componendo processus conformis ad Gibbs Free Energy Formula:

△,= △,-T

Inter eos △,,is the complex heat, is the complex entropy; est absolutum temperatus; Et complexu ratio est compatible system solum cum libera navitas mutationes △,

Conceptus miscibilitatis ex eo quod ipsum pauci systems potest consequi thermodynamic compatibility. Miscibility refers ad facultatem diversis components ad formare homogenea complexorum, et communiter usus est quod complexorum exhibent unum vitrum transitus punctum.

Secundum generaled compatibility, polymer compositis systemata dividitur in omnino compatible, partim compatible et omnino repugnat systems. A plene compatible systema est quod compositis thermodynamically miscible ad mocecular campester; partialiter compatible ratio significat quod compositum compatible intra quaedam temperatus aut compositionem range; A omnino repugnat ratio significat quod compositis molecular-gradu miscibility non effectum omnino temperatus vel compositionem.

Ex quibusdam structura differentias et conformational entropy inter diversas polymers, maxime polymer complexu systems sunt partim compatible aut repugnat [XI, XII]. Fretus in phase separationem compositis ratio et campester of miscentes, in compatibility ex parte compatible ratio erit etiam variatur valde [XI]. Macroscopic proprietatibus polymer compositorum propinqua ad internum microscopic morphologiae et corporis proprietatibus singulis component. CCXL], ita est de magnis significatione ad studere microscopic morphologia et compatibility de compositis ratio.

Research et characterization modi ad compatibility binarii componit:

(I) Glass transitus temperatus T,comparatio modum. Comparet T,de compositis cum T,,Apparet in compositis, in compositis ratio est compatible ratio; Si sunt duo T,Et duos T,positiones de compositis in duo coetus media puncta T,indicat quod compositis ratio est partialiter compatible ratio; Si sunt duo T,Et non sunt sita in locis duas components T,, Hoc indicat quod ratio compositis est repugnat ratio.

T,In test instrumenta saepe in comparatione modum sunt dynamic thermomechanical analyzer (DMA) et differentialis scanning calorimeter (DSC). Hoc modo potest celeriter iudicare compatibility compositis ratio, sed si T,,et apparebit post componendo, ita hoc modo habet quidam defectus [X].

(II) Methodus morphological observationis. Primo, observe in Macroscopic Morphologia de compositis. Si compositis patet Phase separationem, potest esse praecipuum iudicatus quod compositis ratio est repugnat ratio. Secundo, in microscopicae morphologia et phase structuram de compositis serventur per microscopium. Duae components omnino compatibilibus formare homogenea statu. Ideo compositis cum bono compatibility potest observe uniformis phase distribution et parva dispersit tempus particula magnitudine. et Blurry interface.

In test instrumenta saepe in Topographiae observationis modum sunt optical microscopium et scanning electronic microscopium (sem). In Topographiae observationis modum potest esse sicut auxilia in modum respectu cum aliis characterization modi.

(III) diaphanum modum. In a partially compatible compound system, the two components can be compatible within a certain temperature and composition range, and phase separation will occur beyond this range. In the process of the transformation of the compound system from a homogeneous system to a two-phase system, its light transmittance will change, so its compatibility can be studied by studying the transparency of the compound.

(4) Rheological method. In hoc modum, subito mutatio de viscoefeelastic parametri de compositis adhibetur ut signum phase separationis, exempli gratia, subito mutatio de viscosity-temperatus curvae est ad signum in phase separationem, et subito mutatione apparent Shear accentus-temperatus curvae adhibetur ut signum of tempus separationis. In componendo ratio sine phase separationem post compositionem habet bona compatibility, et eos cum phase separationem sunt repugnant vel partim compatible ratio [CCLVIII].

(5) Han modum curvae. Han curva lg *,'(,) LG G ", si Han curvam de compositis ratio habet temperatus dependentia et Han curvae ad diversas temperaturas format principale curva, in compositis ratio est compatible; Si compositis ratio est compatible Han scriptor curvam sit temperatus, dependens. Si Han curvae separatur ab invicem ad diversas temperaturis et non potest formare principale curva, compositis ratio non repugnat aut partim compatible. Ideo compatibility compositis ratio potest iudicari secundum separationem Han curvae.

(VI) solutio viscositas modum. Hoc modum utitur mutatio solutionis viscositas ad propriam compatibility de compositis ratio. Sub solution concentratione, in viscositas compositis cogitavit contra compositionem. Si linearem necessitudinem, id est compositis ratio omnino compatible; Si nonlinear relatione, id est quod compositis ratio est partialiter compatible; Si est an s informibus curva, tunc ostendit quod compositis ratio est omnino repugnat [X].

(VII) infrared spectroscopy. Postquam duo polymerorum compositi sunt, si compatibilitas bona est, commercium sicut vincula hydrogenii erunt, et manus positionum coetuum characterum in spectro infrarubro uniuscuiusque coetus globi in catenam polymericam transferet. Definitio coetus proprietatis nexibus complexi et uniuscuiusque componentis congruentiam systematis complexi iudicare potest.

1.3.4 Research Progress Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose / hydroxypropyl amulum componendi

1.3.4.1 Compositum hydroxypropyl methylcellulosi et aliarum substantiarum

COMPOTS of HPMC et alia substantiae sunt maxime usus est in medicamento, regi release systems et mandi possunt aut degradable film packaging materiae. In the application of drug-controlled release, the polymers often compounded with HPMC include synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), as well as proteins, Natural polymers such as polysaccharides. Abdel-Zaher et al. studuit structural compositionem, scelerisque stabilitatem et necessitudinem cum perficientur de HPMC / PVA compositis, et eventus ostendit quod est quaedam miscibility in praesentia duorum polymers [CCLIX]. Zabihi et al. Used HPMC / plgae complexu ad parare microcapsules ad imperium et sustinuit release de insulin, quae potest consequi sustinetur release in ventrem et intestinum [CCLX]. Javed et al. COMMEDITUS HYDROPHILIC HPMC et Hydrophhobic PCL et usus HPMC / PCL complexiones ut microcapsule materiae ad medicamento imperium et sustentari release, quod posset esse dimisit in diversis partibus humani corporis per adjusting in componendo Ratio [CCLXI. Ding et al. Discied rheology proprietatibus ut viscositas, dynamic vlecoelasticity, reptile recuperatio, et Thixotropy of HPMC / collagen complexibus in agro imperium medicamento release, providing in agro de industrialis applications [CCLXII.] Arthanari, CAI et Rai et al. [263-265] et complexa HPMC et Polysaccharides ut Chitosan, Xanthan Gum, et sodium alginate sunt applicantur in processus of Vaccinum et medicamento sustentari release effectus [263-265].

In progressionem mandi possunt aut degradable film packaging materiae, in polymentes saepe composita cum HPMC sunt maxime naturalis Polymers ut lipids, proteins et Polysaccharides. Karaca, Fagundes et Contreras, Vexillum et al. paraverunt membranulae compositae edules cum complexionibus HPMC/lipidibus, quibus usus est in conservatione prunorum, cerasorum tomatoes et citri, respective. The results showed that HPMC/lipid complex membranes had good the antibacterial effect of fresh-keeping [266-268]. Shetty, Rubilar et Ding et al. studied mechanica proprietatibus, scelerisque stabilitatem, microstructurum et interactiones inter components mandi possunt composita ex films paratus ab HPMC, sericum dapibus, [269-271]. EsteGlal et al. HPMC cum gelatina formatum est ut membranas edibiles ad usum in materiarum fasciculorum bio-substructis praepararent [111]. Priya, Kondaveeti, Sakata et Ortega-Toro et al. paravit HPMC/chitosan HPMC/xyloglucan, HPMC/ethyl cellulosum et HPMC/amylum edulium compositum, cinematographica respective, et eorum stabilitatem scelerisque, proprietates mechanicas, microstructuras et proprietates antibacteriales [139, 272-274] studuit. Compositum HPMC/PLA etiam adhiberi potest ut materia sarcinarum commodarum cibariorum, plerumque per extrusionem [275].

In progressionem mandi possunt aut degradable film packaging materiae, in polymentes saepe composita cum HPMC sunt maxime naturalis Polymers ut lipids, proteins et Polysaccharides. Karaca, Fagundes et Contreras, Vexillum et al. paraverunt membranulae compositae edules cum complexionibus HPMC/lipidibus, quibus usus est in conservatione prunorum, cerasorum tomatoes et citri, respective. The results showed that HPMC/lipid complex membranes had good the antibacterial effect of fresh-keeping [266-268]. Shetty, Rubilar et Ding et al. studied mechanica proprietatibus, scelerisque stabilitatem, microstructurum et interactiones inter components mandi possunt composita ex films paratus ab HPMC, sericum dapibus, [269-271]. EsteGlal et al. HPMC cum gelatina formatum est ut membranas edibiles ad usum in materiarum fasciculorum bio-substructis praepararent [111]. Priya, Kondaveeti, Sakata et Ortega-Toro et al. paravit HPMC/chitosan HPMC/xyloglucan, HPMC/ethyl cellulosum et HPMC/amylum edulium compositum, cinematographica respective, et eorum stabilitatem scelerisque, proprietates mechanicas, microstructuras et proprietates antibacteriales [139, 272-274] studuit. Compositum HPMC/PLA etiam adhiberi potest ut materia sarcinarum commodarum cibariorum, plerumque per extrusionem [275].

1.3.4.2 De compositione amyli et aliarum substantiarum

In investigationis in componendo amulum et alia substantia initio focused in variis hydrophobic aliphatic polyester substantiae, comprehendo polylactic acidum (PLOYCAPROlactone (PCL), Polybutene CCXXVI]. Muller et al. studuit structuram et proprietatibus amulum / Pla compositarum et commercium inter duo, et eventus ostendit quod commercium inter duo erat infirma et mechanica proprietatibus compositis fuisse pauperes [CCLXXVII]. Correa, Komur et Diaz, Gomez et al. studied mechanica proprietatibus, rhematicis proprietatibus, gel proprietatibus et compatibility duo components of amulum / PCL complexorum, quae sunt applicantur ad progressionem de biodegradable materiae, biomedical materiae et TEXTUS ipsum fabrica [278-280]. Ohkika et al. Inveni quod mixtio Cornstarch et PBSA est promissum. Cum amulum contentus est 5-30%, augendae contentus de starch granulis potest crescere modulum et reducere ad trensile accentus et elongationem ad confractus [281.282]. Hydrophobic aliphatic polyester est thermodynamically repugnat hydrophilic amulum, et variis compatibilizers et additives sunt plerumque addita ad amplio phase interface inter amulum et polyester. Szadkowska, ferri et Li et al. Discied effectis Silanol-fundatur plasticizers, maleic anhydride cinistered oleum, et functionalized vegetabilis oleum derivationes in structuram et proprietatibus amulum / PLVE complexibus, respective [283-285]. Ortega-Toro, Yu et al. Usus citric acid et diphenylmethane diisocyanate ad compatibilize amulum / PCL compositis et amulum / pbsa compositis, respective, ut amplio material proprietatibus et stabilitatem [CCLXXXVI, CCLXXXVII].

In annis, magis et magis researches fuisse factum in compositione amulum cum naturalis Polymers ut proteins, Polysaccharides et lipids. Teklehaimanot, Sahin-Nadeen et Zhang et al studied physicochochalicis proprietatibus amuli / Zein, amythio / recto et eventus omne bonum results, quod potest applicari ad cibum biomaterials et capsules, quod potest applicari in cibum biomaterials et capsules, quod potest applicari in cibum biomaterials et capsules, quod potest applicari in cibis et capsules, et capsules CCLXXXVIII, CCLXXXIX]. Lozanno, Navarro, Talon et Ren et al. studied the light transmittance, mechanical properties, antibacterial properties and chitosan concentration of starch/chitosan composite films, respectively, and added natural extracts, tea polyphenols and other natural antibacterial agents to improve the antibacterial effect of the composite film. In investigationis eventus ostendere quod amulum / Chitosan compositum amet habet magna potentiale in activae packaging cibo et medicina [290-292]. Kaushik, Ghanbarzadeh, Arvanitoyannis et Zhang et al. studied proprietatibus amulum / Cellulose nanocrystals, amylum / carboxymethylcellosus, amylum / methylcellosus, et amulum / hydroxypropylmethylcellosus compositum / biodegradable et pelagus [293-295]. Dafe, Jumaidin et Lascombes et al. Studientem amulum / cibum gum componit ut amulum / Pectin, amylo / Agar et amulum / carrageenan, maxime in agro cibis et cibum packaging [296-298]. Et Physicochachemica proprietatibus Tapioca amulum / frumentum oleum, amylum / lipid complexorum studied per Perez, de et al., Maxime ad ducem productio processus ex extruditur cibis [CCXCIX, CCC].

1.3.4.3 Compositione hydroxypropyl methylcellulosis et amulum

At present, there are not many studies on the compound system of HPMC and starch at home and abroad, and most of them are adding a small amount of HPMC into the starch matrix to improve the aging phenomenon of starch. Jimenez et al. used HPMC to reduce the aging of native starch to improve the permeability of starch membranes. Eventus ostendit additamentum HPMC senescente amyli minui et flexibilitatem membranae compositae augeri. The oxygen permeability of the composite membrane was significantly increased, but the waterproof performance did not. How much has changed [301]. Villacres, Basch et al. Composita HPMC et Tapioca amulum parare HPMC / amulum compositum film packaging materiae, et studuit et plasticizing effectus de GLYCERIN in compositum film et effectus de potestio Satis et Nisin in antibacterial proprietatibus ex compositali amet et nisin in antibacterial proprietatibus ex compositu amet et nisin in antibacterial proprietatibus ex compositu amet. Eventus ostendit quod cum incremento HPMC contentus, ad elastica modulum et tensile robur compositorum amet auctus est, ad confractus est minuatur, et aquae vapor habet parum effectus; potassium sorbatum et nisin potest utrumque condimentum compositum amet. Effectus antibacterial duorum agentium antibacterial melior est cum simul adhibetur [112, 302]. Ortega-Toro et al. studied the properties of HPMC/starch hot-pressed composite membranes, and studied the effect of citric acid on the properties of composite membranes. Eventus ostendit HPMC in amylo continuo periodo dispersum, et tam acidum citricum quam HPMC in amyli senescente effectum habuisse. to a certain degree of inhibition [139]. Ayorinde et al. used HPMC/starch composite film for the coating of oral amlodipine, and the results showed that the disintegration time and release rate of the composite film were very good [303].

Zhao Ming et al. studied the effect of starch on the water retention rate of HPMC films, and the results showed that starch and HPMC had a certain synergistic effect, which resulted in an overall increase in water retention rate [304]. Zhang et al. Studied in film proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositis et Rheological proprietatibus solution. The results show that the HPMC/HPS compound system has a certain compatibility, the compound membrane performance is good, and the rheological properties of HPS to HPMC Has a good balancing effect [305, 306]. There are few studies on the HPMC/starch compound system with high HPMC content, and most of them are in the shallow performance research, and the theoretical research on the compound system is relatively lacking, especially the gel of HPMC/HPS cold-heat reversed -Phase compositum gel. Mechanistic studiis sunt tamen in blank status.

1,4 Rheologiam Polymer Complexes

In processu processus polymerorum materiarum, fluxus et deformatio inevitabiliter occurrunt, et rhologia est scientia quae leges materiae fluere ac deformare studet [307]. Fluunt est proprietas liquidae materiae, cum deformatio est proprietas solidae (crystallino) materiae. A generalis collatio liquidum fluxus et solidum deformatio est ut sequitur:

In practical industriae applications de polymer materiae, in viscosity et viscoelaalasticity determinare eorum processus perficientur. In processus of processus et coronam, cum mutationem de tondendas rate, in viscositas polymer materiae potest habere magnitudinem de pluribus ordines magnitudinis. Mutare [CCCVIII]. Rheologis proprietatibus ut viscositas et tondendas extenuantibus directe afficit potestate elit, perfusio, dispersionem et RESPERSIO per processus polymer materiae et sunt maxime momenti proprietatibus Polymer materiae.

Naturalis Polysaccharide Aqueous solutio etiam dicitur hydrosol. In dilutione solution, in Polysaccharide Macromolecule in forma foveam separari ab invicem. Cum autem concentratio crescit ad certum valorem, et macromolecular rupta interpenetrant et overlap se. De valore dicitur in discrimine concentration [CCCXI]. Infra discrimine concentration, in viscositas solutionis est relative humilis, et non affectus per tondendas rate, showtoniana fluidum moribus; Cum discrimine concentration pervenit, in Macromolecule, quod primum movere in seio incipiunt ad implicant ad invicem et solution viscositas significantly crescit. proventus [CCCXII]; Dum cum concentration excedit discrimine concentration, tondentes extenuantcinens, observatur et solutio exhibet non-Newtonian fluidum [CCXLV].

Quidam hydrosols potest gels per quaedam condiciones et viscoelastic proprietatibus solent proprietatis a repono modulo g ', damnum Modulus G' et frequency dependentia. Repono modulus respondet ad elasticitatem systematis, cum damnum modulus respondet ad viscositatem systematis [CCCXI]. In dilute solutions, there is no entanglement between molecules, so over a wide range of frequencies, G′ is much smaller than G″, and showed strong frequency dependence. Cum G 'et G' sunt proportionales ad frequency ω et ejus quadrati, respective, cum frequency sit altior, G '> g'. Cum concentration est altior quam discrimine concentration, G, et G 'adhuc enim frequency dependentia. When the frequency is lower, G′ < G″, and the frequency gradually increases, the two will cross, and reverse to G′ > in the high frequency region G”.

In discrimine punctum ad quod naturalis Polysaccharide hydrosol transforms in gel dicitur Gel punctum. Sunt plures definitiones de Gel punctum, et maxime communiter usus est definitio dynamic vlecoelasticitate in Rheology. Cum autem repono modulus g 'de systematis est aequalis damnum modulum g' est gel punctum, et G '> g' gel formation [CCCXII, CCCXIII].

Moleculae quaedam polysaccharidae naturalia societates infirmas formant, earumque gel structura facile corrumpitur, et G' paulo maior est quam G", inferiorem frequentiam dependentiam ostendens; while some natural polysaccharide molecules can form stable cross-linking regions, which The gel structure is stronger, G′ is much larger than G″, and has no frequency dependence [311].

1.4.2 Rheological Mores Polymer Complexes

Nam plene compatible polymer compositis ratio, in compositis est homogenea ratio, et ejus viscoelaalaity est plerumque summa proprietatibus unum polymer, et ejus vlecoelasticitas potest describitur per simplex, quod [CCCXIV]. Practice has proved that the homogeneous system is not conducive to the improvement of its mechanical properties. E contra, nonnullae systemata implicata cum structurarum separatarum periodis optimam habent observantiam [315].

Et compatibility ex parte compatible compositis ratio erit affectus a factoribus ut systematis compositis Ratio, tondendas rate, temperatus et component structuram, showing compatibility vel phase separationem, et transitus a compatibility aut tempus separationis, et transitus a compatibility aut tempus separationis, et transitus a compatibility vel tempus separationem, et transitus a compatibility ad tempus separationem, et transitus a compatibility ad tempus separationis est inevitabilis. ducens ad significant mutationes in viscoelaalasticity systematis [CCCXVI, CCCXVII]. In annis, ibi fuisse numerosis studiis in viscoelastic mores ex parte compatible polymer complexu systems. Et investigationis ostendit quod rheological mores de compositis ratio in compatibility zonam munera in characteres de homogenea ratio. In phase separationem zonam, et rhematicis mores est omnino diversa a homogenea zona et maxime complexu.

Intelligendo Rheological proprietatibus componendi ratio sub diversis concentratione, componens componens, tondendis rates, temperaturis, etc est magni momentum ad rectam lectio processus technology, rationalis, et propriam reductionem productum est productum, et appropriare reductionem productum, et propriam reductionem ad productum, et propriam productum est productum, et propriam reductionem productum est, et proprie reduction of productum, rationalis et proprie reduction of productum, et appropriare productum, et opportunas reductionem productio industria consummatio. [CCCIX]. Exempli gratia, quia temperatus, sensitivo materiae, in viscositas in materia potest mutari per adjusting temperatus. Et amplio processus perficientur; Intelligere tondendas zonam de materia, eligere convenientem shear rate ut control processus perficientur de materia, et amplio productio efficientiam.

1.4.3 Factores rheologicas proprietates mixti afficientes

1.4.3.1 Compositione

In physica et eget proprietatibus et internum structuram de compositis ratio sunt comprehensive reflexionem combined contributions de proprietatibus cuiusque component et commercium inter components. Unde in corporalis et eget proprietatibus cuiusque pars habet a decretorium partes in compositis ratio. In gradu compatibility inter diversas polymeros variat late, quidam compatible, et paene omnino repugnat.

1.4.3.2 ratio compositis ratio

Viscoelasticitas et proprietates mechanicae systematis mixti polymerorum significanter mutabunt cum ratione mixtae mutationis. Causa est, quia ratio mixta collationem uniuscuiusque componentis ad systema mixtum determinat, et quoque afficit unumquodque elementum. Commercio et tempus distribution. Xie Yajie et al. studuit cellulosa chitosan/hydroxypropyl et invenit viscositatem mixti signanter aucto hydroxypropyl cellulosi contenti [318]. Zhang Yayuan et al. studuit complexum xanthanis gummi et amyli frumentarii et invenit, cum ratio xanthan gummi erat 10%, constantia coefficientis, accentus et fluidus index cedunt complexi systematis signanter aucti. Uti patet [CCCXIX].

1.4.3.3 Shear rate

Most polymer liquida sunt Pseudoplastic fluidorum, quae non conformis ad Newtoni de iure fluxus. Pelagus pluma est quod viscositas est basically immutata sub humilis tondendas, et viscositas decrescit acriter cum incremento tondendas rate [CCCVIII, CCCXX]. In fluxus curva polymer liquidum potest esse dure dividitur in tres regiones: humilis Shear Newtonian regione, tondendas tincta regionem et altum tondendas stabilitatem regionem. Cum tendit ad nullus tendit, in accentus et iactabantur facti linearibus, et fluunt mores liquidae est similis, quod a newtonian fluidi. In hoc tempore, in viscositas tendit ad certum valorem, quod dicitur nulla-tondendas viscosity η0. Reflects ad maximum relaxationem tempus de materia et est momenti modularis polymer materiae, quae est ad mediocris Molecular pondus Polymer et activation industria viscosa fluxus. In tondendis zonam, in viscositas paulatim decrescit cum incremento de tondendas rate et phaenomenon "tondentes extenuantibus" occurs. Hoc zonam est typical influunt zona in processus polymer materiae. In excelso tondendas stabilitatem regionem, ut tondendas rate continues ad augendam, in viscositas tendit ad alium constant, in infinitum tunica viscositas η∞, sed hoc solet difficile ad.

1.4.3.4 Temperature

Temperature directly affects the intensity of random thermal motion of molecules, which can significantly affect intermolecular interactions such as diffusion, molecular chain orientation, and entanglement. In generali, in fluxus polymer materiae, motus est mulgetque vincula in segmentis; Sicut temperatus augetur, libera volumine crescit, et fluxus resistentia segmentorum decrescit, ita viscositas decrescit. Tamen, pro aliqua polymers, ut temperatus crescit, Hydrophobic consociatio occurs inter vincula, ita viscositas crescit instead.

Variis Polymers habent diversas gradus sensitivae ad temperatus et idem altus polymer habet diversas effectus in perficientur eius mechanism in diversis temperatus ranges.

1.5 Research significatione, Research et Research contentus huius topic

1.5.1 Research significationem

Although HPMC is a safe and edible material widely used in the field of food and medicine, it has good film-forming, dispersing, thickening, and stabilizing properties. HPMC film also has good transparency, oil barrier properties, and mechanical properties. However, its high price (about 100,000/ton) limits its wide application, even in higher-value pharmaceutical applications such as capsules. Praeterea, HPMC est thermally adductus gel, quod existit in solutione publica humili viscositas humilis temperatus et potest formare viscosus solidum, sicut gel ad altum temperatus, sic processing tale ut coating, spraying et tincto ut non sit, spraying et tincto, ut non est ferri out at high temperature, resulting in high production energy consumption and high production cost. Properties such as lower viscosity and gel strength of HPMC at low temperatures reduce the processability of HPMC in many applications.

In Contra, HPS est a cheap (circiter 20,000 / ton) mandi possunt, quod etiam late in agro cibi et medicina. Et ideo HPMC est ita sumptuosus est quod rudis materia Cellulose solebat parare HPMC est magis pretiosa quam rudis materia amulum solebat parare HPS. Praeterea, HPMC est inserta cum duabus substituents, hydroxypropyl et Mthoxy. Ex quo effectus, quod est admodum processum est valde complicated, sic pretium HPMC multo altior quam HPS. Hoc project spes reponere quidam ex pretiosa hpmcs cum low-precium HPS, et redigendum in productum pretium in ex seruat similia functiones.

In addition, HPS est a frigus gel, quod existit in viscoelastic gel state ad humilis temperatus et forms fluxus solutio ad altum temperatus. Ideo addendo HPMC potest reducere gel temperatus HPMC et crescere eius viscositas ad humilis temperatus. Et gel vires, improving processability ad humilis temperaturis. Praeterea, HPS ediles film habet bonum oxygeni obice proprietates, sic addere HPMC potest amplio oxygeni obice proprietatibus mandi possunt amet.

In summary, compositum de HPMC et HPS: primo, habet momenti theoretical significationem. HPMC est calidum gel, et HPS est frigus gel. Per compositionem duo, ibi est theoretically transitus punctum inter calidum et frigus gels. De instauratione HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum Gel compositis ratio et mechanism investigationis potest providere novum via ad investigationis huius generis frigus et calidum reversed-phase gel compositis ratio, statuit theoretical ductu. Secundo potest reducere productionem costs et amplio uber prodest. Per combination of HPMC et HPMC, productio sumptus potest reduci in terms of rudis materiae et productio industria consummatio, et uber lucrum potest esse valde melius. Tertio, potest amplio processus perficientur et expand application. Et addition of HPS potest crescere concentration et gel fortitudinem HPMC ad humilis temperatus et amplio eius processus perficientur ad humilis temperatus. In addition, uber perficientur potest esse melior. Per addendo HPS praeparare mandi possunt compositum film de HPMC / HPS, in oxygeni obice proprietatibus mandi possunt esse melior.

Compatibilitas systematis compositi polymerum directe determinare potest morphologiam microscopicam et proprietates comprehensivas mixti, praesertim proprietatum mechanicarum. Therefore, it is very important to study the compatibility of the HPMC/HPS compound system. Both HPMC and HPS are hydrophilic polysaccharides with the same structural unit-glucose and modified by the same functional group hydroxypropyl, which greatly improves the compatibility of the HPMC/HPS compound system. Autem, HPMC est a frigus gel et HPS est calidum gel, et inversum gel mores duo ducit ad tempus separationis PHATomenon HPMC / HPS compositis ratio. In summary, in Phase morphologiam et Phase transitus HPMC / HPS frigus-calidum gel compositum ratio sunt satis universa, ita compatibility et tempus separationem huius ratio erit valde interesting.

Morphological structuram et rheological mores polymer complexu systems sunt interrelated. De una parte, in morum rheological in dispensando erit magni ictum in circumfundo structuram systematis; In alia manu, et rheological mores de system potest verius reflectunt mutationes in Morphological structuram de system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the rheological properties of HPMC/HPS compound system for guiding production, processing and quality control.

Proprietates macroscopicae quales sunt structurae morphologicae, compatibilitas et rhologia HPMC/HPS frigidae et calidae gel systematis compositi dynamici sunt, et afficiuntur serie factorum ut solutionis intentio, ratio componens, rate et temperatus tondendas. The relationship between the microscopic morphological structure and the macroscopic properties of the composite system can be regulated by controlling the morphological structure and compatibility of the composite system.

1.5.2 Research proposito

In HPMC/HPS frigida et calida everso-phase gel systematis compositi constructum est, eius proprietates rheologicae investigatae sunt, et effectus structurae physicae et chemicae componentium, rationes componentes et condiciones processus in proprietatibus rheologicae systematis explorati sunt. Compositum cinematographicum edibile HPMC/HPS praeparatum est, et proprietates macroscopicae quales proprietates mechanicas, aer permeabilitas et proprietates opticae cinematographicae quaesitae sunt, et factores legesque influentes exploratae sunt. Systematice periodum transitum, convenientiam et periodum separationis in HPMC/HPS frigoris et calidi systematis complexi inverso-phase gel explorant, eius factores et mechanismos influentes explorant ac relationem inter microscopicam morphologicam structuram et macroscopicas proprietates constituunt. morphologica structura et compatibilitas systematis compositi ad proprietates materiae compositarum moderandas adhibentur.

1.5.3 Research content

Ut ad consequi expectata investigationis proposito, haec charta faciam sequenti investigationis:

(1) Construct the HPMC/HPS cold and hot reversed-phase gel compound system, and use a rheometer to study the rheological properties of the compound solution, especially the effects of concentration, compounding ratio and shear rate on the viscosity and flow index of et compositis ratio. Imites et lege rheologica ut Thixotropy et Thixotropy sunt investigari et formatio mechanism frigus et calidum compositum gel fuit preliminarily explored.

(2) HPMC/HPS edible composite film was prepared, and scanning electron microscope was used to study the influence of the inherent properties of each component and the composition ratio on the microscopic morphology of the composite film; In mechanica proprietas probat esse solebat studere inhaerens proprietatibus cuiusque component, compositionem compositorum film in potentia ad Ratio et environmental relativum humiditas in mechanica proprietatibus compositum amet the use of oxygen transmission rate tester and UV-Vis spectrophotometer to study the effects of the inherent properties of the components and the compound ratio on the oxygen and light transmission properties of the composite film The compatibility and phase separation of the HPMC/HPS cold- calidum inversum gel compositum systematis perspiciendo microscopio electronico, analysi thermogravimetrica et analysi thermomechanica dynamica quaesita sunt.

(III) De necessitudine inter microscopic morphologiam et mechanica proprietatibus HPMC / HPS frigus-calidum inversum gel compositum ratio fuit statutum. Educibilis composita amet de HPMC / HPS paratus, et potentia compositis concentration et compositis ratio in phase distribution et phase transitus de sample studuit per optical microscopium et IODUMINE MERCATUS Imites regula compositis concentration et compositis Ratio in mechanica proprietatibus et lucis transmissio proprietatibus exemplar institutum. Et necessitudinem inter microstructure et mechanica proprietatibus HPMC / HPS frigus-calidum inversum gel compositum ratio est investigatur.

(4) Effectus HPS substitutionis gradus in proprietatibus rheologicis et proprietatibus gel de HPMC/HPS frigoris-calidi systematis compositi periodo converso. Effectus substitutionis gradus HPS, tondendas rate et temperaturas viscositas et aliae rheologicae proprietates systematis mixti, necnon punctum gel transitus, modulus dependentiae frequentiae et aliae proprietates gel earumque leges rheometris adhibitis studuerunt. The temperature-dependent phase distribution and phase transition of the samples were studied by iodine staining, and the gelation mechanism of the HPMC/HPS cold-hot reversed-phase gel complex system was described.

(5) Effectus chemicae structurae modificationis HPS in proprietatibus macroscopicis et compatibilitatis HPMC/HPS frigoris-calidi systematis compositi periodo converso. Compositum edulium cinematographicum HPMC/HPS praeparatum est, et effectus gradus substitutionis hydroxypropyl HPS in structura cristalli et structurae micro-dominae cinematographici compositi studuit per synchrotron radialem parvam-angulum X-radii technologiae dissipantis. Hydroxypropyl substitutione gradum in lege HPS Hydroxypropyl substitutione in mechanica proprietatibus membranae studuit mechanica proprietas tius; the influence of law of HPS substitution degree on the oxygen permeability of membranes was studied by oxygen permeability tester; HPS hydroxypropyl Influentia substitutionis coetus gradus in scelerisque stabilitatem HPMC/HPS cinematographica composita.

Caput II De studio rheologico HPMC/HPS componendi

HPMC est scelerisque tenaces, quod geldum in caliditate et in solutione status caliditatis temperatae format. Haec scelerisque gel proprietas suam viscositatem efficit ad frigiditatem temperatam nimis humilem, quae non prodest ad processuum producendi specificos sicut tingens, percute ac tingens. operation, resulting in poor processability at low temperatures. In contrast, HPS is a cold gel, a viscous gel state at low temperature, and a high temperature. A low viscosity solution state. Therefore, through the combination of the two, the rheological properties of HPMC such as viscosity at low temperature can be balanced to a certain extent.

Hoc CAPUT focuses in effectis solution concentration, componentis ratio et temperatus in rheology proprietatibus ut nulla-tondere viscositas, influunt Index et Thixotropy HPMC / Hip frigus-calidum inversum Gel compositis ratio. Praeterea regulae est ad prelimininarii de compatibility de compositis ratio.

2.2 Methodus experimentalis

First weigh HPMC and HPS dry powder, and mix according to 15% (w/w) concentration and different ratios of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10; then add 70 °C In C water, stir rapidly for 30 min at 120 rpm/min to fully disperse HPMC; then heat the solution to above 95 °C, stir rapidly for 1 h at the same speed to completely gelatinize HPS; Gelatinization est completur post, quod temperatus solutionis erat celeriter reducitur ad LXX ° C, et HPMC est plene dissolvitur movere ad tardum celeritas LXXX RPM / min XL min. (All w/w in this article are: dry basis mass of sample/total solution mass).

2.2.2.1 principle of Rheologica Analysis

The rotational rheometer is equipped with a pair of up and down parallel clamps, and simple shear flow can be realized through the relative motion between the clamps. The rheometer can be tested in step mode, flow mode and oscillation mode: in step mode, the rheometer can apply transient stress to the sample, which is mainly used to test the transient characteristic response and steady-state time of the sample. Aestimatio et ViscoElastic RESPONSIO ut accentus relaxationem, serpit et convaluisset; in flow mode, the rheometer can apply linear stress to the sample, which is mainly used to test the dependence of the viscosity of the sample on shear rate and the dependence of viscosity on temperature and thixotropy; in oscillation mode, the rheometer can generate sinusoidal alternating oscillating stress, which is mainly used for the determination of the linear viscoelastic region, thermal stability evaluation and gelation temperature of the sample.

A parallel laminam fixture cum diameter de XL mm esset usus, et laminam spacing erat set ad 0,5 mm.

1. Viscosity mutat cum tempore. Test temperatura 25 °C erat, tonsurae rate 800 s-1 erat, et probatio temporis 2500 s erat.

2. Viscosity variat cum tondendas rate. Test temperatus XXV ° C, pre-Shear rate DCCC S-I, pre-tondendas tempus M s; Shear rate 10vs 10³s.

Tonsura accentus (τ ) et tondendum rate (γ) sequitur legem potestatem Ostwald-de Waele;

Τ = K.Γ N (2-1)

n est liquido index;

Necessitudinem inter viscosity (ŋ) solutionis polymeris et rate tondendi (γ) aptari possunt per modulum carren:

Inter eos;0tondendas lentorem, Pa s;

ŋ∞Est infinita tunica viscositas, PA s;

Λm relaxationem tempore, s;

3. Tres-scaena Thixotropy test modum. Test temperatus est XXV ° C, A. Stationarius scaena, in Shear rate est I s-I et test tempus est L s; b. Et Shear scaena, et tondendas rate est M s-I et test tempus est XX s; c. Structure Recuperatio Processus, Shear rate est I S-I et test tempus est CCL s.

In processus of structuram convaluisset, in convaluisset gradus ad structuram post diversa recuperatio tempus exprimitur per recuperatio rate of viscositas:

DSR = ŋT / ŋ╳100%

Inter eos;ŋviscositas t est in recuperatione structurarum tempore ts, Pa s;

hŋest viscositas in fine primae scenae, Pa- s.

A assidue tondendas rate, apparent viscositas ut ostenderet diversis trends cum augendae tondendas tempore. Figura 2-1 ostendit a typicam curvam viscosity versus in an HPMC / HPS compositis ratio. Non potest esse ex figure, quod cum extensio de tondente tempore, apparent Viscositas decrescit continue. When the shearing time reaches about 500 s, the viscosity reaches a stable state, which indicates that the viscosity of the compound system under high-speed shearing has a certain value. Tempus dependentia, id est Thixotropy exhibetur intra quandam tempus range.

Unde cum studeo variation legis viscosity de compositis ratio cum tondendas rate, antequam realis stabilis-re publica tondentes test, quaedam tempus summus celeritate pre-tonsuri requiritur ad eliminare ad excelsum, in THVITROPHY Ratio . Ut, lex viscosity variation ad tondendas rate ut unum factor est adeptus. In hoc experimentum, in viscositas omnium exempla pervenit ad stabilis statum ante M s ad altum tondendas rate of DCCC I / s cum tempore, quae non cogitasti. Therefore, in the future experimental design, pre-shearing for 1000 s at a high shear rate of 800 1/s was adopted to eliminate the effect of thixotropy of all samples.

Plerumque, in viscositas Polymer Solutions crescit cum augmentum solution concentration. Figura 2-2 ostendit effectum concentration in tondendas rate dependentiam de viscosity HPMC / HPS formulations. From the figure, we can see that at the same shear rate, the viscosity of the compound system increases gradually with the increase of the solution concentration. The viscosity of HPMC/HPS compound solutions with different concentrations decreased gradually with the increase of shear rate, showing obvious shear thinning phenomenon, which indicated that the compound solutions with different concentrations belonged to pseudoplastic fluids. Tamen, in shear rate dependentia de viscositas ostendit alium trend cum mutatione solution concentration. Cum solutio concentration humilis, tondendas scenficia phaenomenon compositum solution parva; Cum incremento solution concentration, tondendas tinctis phaenomenon compositum solution est manifestum.

Viscosity-Shear rate curvas de compositis ratio ad diversas concentratione in a caren exemplar, et nulla-tondere viscositas de compositis solution est extrapolated (0.9960 <R₂ <0.9997). Et effectus est concentration in viscosity de compositis solutio potest esse amplius studuit studeo necessitudinem inter nullus tondendas viscositas et concentration. Ex Figura, 2-3, quod potest esse videtur quod necessitudo inter nullus-tondere viscositas et concentration de compositis solutio sequitur a potestate lege:

In duplici logarithmica coordinare, secundum magnitudinem de fastigio M, potest esse videtur quod dependentia in concentratione munera duo diversis trends. Secundum Dionem-Tullius Theoria, at humilis retrahitur, in fastigio est altior (m = 11,9, R2 = 0,9942), quod pertinet ad dilutum solution; Dum alta concentration, in fastigio est relative humilis (m = 2.8, R2 = 0,9822), quod pertinet ad sub- concentrated solution. Ideo in discrimine concentration c * de compositis ratio potest determinari ad esse VIII% per coniunctas harum duas regiones. Secundum ad communem necessitudinem inter diversas status et concentratione Polymerorum in solution, in mocecular publica exemplar de HPMC / HPS compositis ratio in humilis temperatus solutio propositus, ut ostensum est in Figura 2-3.

HPS est frigus gel, est gel statum ad humilis temperatus et solutio status in altum temperatus. Ad test temperatus (XXV ° F), HPS est gel statum, ut ostensum est in caeruleo network area in figura; Sed contra est quod HPMC est calidum gel, ad test temperatus, est in solutione status, ut ostensum est in linea moleculo.

In dilutum solution C <C *, in HPMC Molecular vincula maxime est quod independens catena structurae, et excluditur volumine facit vincula separata ab invicem; Porro HPS gel tempus interacts cum paucis HPMC moleculis ad formare totum formam et HPMC independens Molecular vincula est seorsum ab invicem, ut ostensum est in Figura 2-2a.

Cum augendae concentratione, distantia inter independens mocecular vincula et phase regiones paulatim minuatur. When the critical concentration C* is reached, the HPMC molecules interacting with the HPS gel phase gradually increase, and the independent HPMC molecular chains begin to connect with each other, forming the HPS phase as the gel center, and the HPMC molecular chains are intertwined and connected with each other. The microgel state is shown in Figure 2-2b.

Cum adhuc incremento de concentration, c> c *, quod spatium inter HPS gel augmenta est adhuc reducitur, et implicitus HPMC Polymer vincula et HPS phase regione magis complexu et commercium est magis intensior, ita solutio exhibet mores Similis, ut Polymer liquefiat, ut Lemma in Fig. 2-2c.

2.3.2.2 effectus concentration in fluidi mores de compositis ratio

De Ostwald-De Waele Power Lex (videatur Formula (2-1)) adhibetur ad aptare ad tondendas accentus et tondendas rate curvas (non ostensum est in textu) de compositis et viscosity coefficiens et fluunt et viscosity, et ad alium, et ad alium et viscosity coefficiens K potest adeptus. , Quod conveniens effectus est sicut ostensum est in mensa 2-1.

Tabula 2-1 influunt mores index (n) et fluidi constantcy index (k) de HPS / HPMC solution cum variis concentration at XXV ° C

At low concentration, the viscosity coefficient K of the compound system is small (C < 8%, K < 1 Pa·sn), and with the increase of concentration, the K value of the compound system gradually increases, indicating that the viscosity of In compositis ratio minuatur, quod est consistent cum concentration dependentia ex nullus tondendas viscositas.

2.3.3 Influence de componendo Ratio in Rheology Properties componendi ratio

Fig. 2-4 Viscosity vs. Shear rate of HPMC / HPS solution cum diversis miscere Ratio ad XXV ° C

Figuras 2-4 ostende effectum compositionis Ratio in tondendis rate dependentia de HPMC / HPS competendo solutio viscositas. Non potest videri ex figura, quod in viscositas compositis ratio cum humilis HPS contentus (HPS <XX%) non mutare substantialiter cum incremento de Shear rate, maxime quod in solution re publica HPMC Humilis temperatus est continuum tempus; Viscositas de compositis ratio cum princeps Hps content paulatim decrescit cum incremento de Shear rate, showing obvious toldning phaenomenon, quod indicat quod in compositis solution est pseudoplastic fluidi. In eadem tondendas rate, in viscosity de compositis solution auget augmentum HPS contentus, quod est maxime quod HPS est per viscosa gel state ad humilis temperatus.

Using the Ostwald-De Waele Power Lex (videatur Formulae (2-1)) ad aptare ad tondendas accentus-twear rate curvas (non ostensum est in textu, in compositis et viscosity coefficiens K, conveniens eventus ostenditur in mensa 2-2. Non potest videri a mensa quod 0,9869 <R2 <0.9999, quod decet exitum est melius. Et fluunt Index n de compositis ratio decrescit paulatim cum incremento de HPS contentus, dum viscositas coefficiens k ostendit paulatim augendae flecte cum incremento de compositis solutio magis viscosa et difficile ad fluere . This trend is consistent with Zhang's research results, but for the same compounding ratio, the n value of the compounded solution is higher than Zhang's result [305], which is mainly because pre-shearing was performed in this experiment to eliminate the effect of thixotropy eliminated; Et Zhang effectus est effectus ex combined actum de Thixotropy et tondendas rate; Separatio harum modi et de quibus in detail in CAPUT V.

2.3.3.1 influere componendi Ratio in nulla tondere viscositas componendi ratio

The relationship between the rheological properties of the homogeneous polymer compound system and the rheological properties of the components in the system conforms to the logarithmic summation rule. Nam duos-componens compositis ratio, in necessitudinem inter compositis ratio et quisque pars potest exprimi per aequationem:

Inter eos, F est rheological proprietas modularis complexu ratio;

F1, F2 sunt rheological parametri pars I et component II, respective;

∅1 et ∅2 sunt missa fractiones pars I et component II, respective et ∅1 ∅2.

In linea versus in figura est praedicta valor de nullus tondendas viscosity de compositis solutio adeptus per logarithmica summa regula, et punctatum linea cum alia componendo componendo ratio. Potest esse ex figura, quod experimentum valorem de compositis solutionem exhibet quaedam positive-negans, deviationis relative ad componendi regula, significans quod est compositis ratio non consequi non est continuum compatibility, et compositis ratio non potest consequi continua phase, et compositis ratio est continua phase, et compositis ad consequi, quod est continua phase, et compositis ratio non est continua phase, et compositis ratio est continuum tempus, et compositis ratio est continua phase, et compositis ratio est continuum tempus, et in compositis ratio est continua phase, et compositis ratio non potest consequi continua phase humilis temperatus "mare insulae" structura duorum-tempus ratio; Et cum continuo reductionem HPMC / HPS componendo Ratio, continuum tempus de componendo ratio mutata post componendo Ratio fuit IV: VI. In capite de rebus investigationis in detail.

It can be clearly seen from the figure that when the HPMC/HPS compound ratio is large, the compound system has a negative deviation, which may be because the high viscosity HPS is distributed in the dispersed phase state in the lower viscosity HPMC continuous phase middle . Cum incremento de HPS contentus, ibi est positivum deviationem in compositis ratio, significans quod continua phase transitus occurs in compositis ratio in hoc tempore. HPS cum excelsum viscosity fit continua tempus de compositis ratio, cum HPMC est dispersit in continua tempus HPS in magis uniformis status.

2.3.3.2 Influence of Ratio in Liquor Mores Componendis Ratio

Figuras 2-6 ostende fluunt Index n ex composita ratio ut munus de HPS contentus. Quia influunt Index n est apta a iniuriarum, logarithmica coordinare, n hic est linearibus sum. Potest videri ex figura, quod cum incremento de HPS contentus, fluunt Index n de compositis ratio paulatim decrescit, significans quod HPS reduces Newtonianum fluidi substantia de compositis solutio et amplio eius pseudoplastic fluidum. Inferius est gel statum superioris viscositas. Potest etiam quod ex figure, quod necessitudo inter influunt index de compositis ratio et contentus de HPS conformis ad linearem necessitudinem (R2 est 0,98062) hoc ostendit quod compositis ratio habet bona compatibility.

2.3.3.3 Influence of Ratio in Viscosity coefficiens componendi ratio

Figure 2-7 ostendit quod Viscositas coefficient k de composita solution ut munus of HPS contentus. Potest esse videatur a figura, quod K valorem de pura HPMC est valde parvum, dum K valorem de pura HPMC est ad HPMC et HPMC, quae sunt in solution et gel statu respective humilis temperatus. Cum autem contentus de humili-viscositas pars est princeps, id est, cum contentus de HPS humilis, et viscositas coefficiens de compositis solutio est proxima ad quod de humili-viscositas pars HPMC; Dum cum contentus de summus viscositas component est princeps, K valorem de compositis solution auget augmentum HPS contentus auctus significantly, quod indicavit quod HPS auctum est viscositas HPMC ad humilis temperatus. Hoc maxime reflects conlationem de viscositas continui tempus ad viscositas compositis ratio. In diversis casibus ubi humilis-viscositas component est continuum tempus et summus viscositas component est continuum tempus, in conlationem continuum tempus viscositas ad viscosity de compositis ratio est manifesto differt. Cum low-viscositas HPMC est continuum tempus, quod viscositas compositis ratio maxime reflects conlationem de viscositas continui phase; Et cum altus-viscositas HPS est continuum tempus, in HPMC sicut dispersit Phase redigendum viscositas summus viscositas HPS. effectum.

2.3.4 Thixotropy

THIXOTROPHY possunt esse ad aestimare stabilitatem substantiae vel plures systems, quia thixotropy potest obtinere notitia super internum structuram et gradum dampnum sub tondenti vim [323-325]. Thixotropy potest connectuntur cum temporalibus effectus et tondendas historia ducens ad microstuctral mutationes [CCCXXIV, CCCXXVI]. Et tres-scaena Thixotropic modum erat usus ad studere effectum diversis componendo componendo in thixotropic proprietatibus de componendo ratio. Sicut potest videri ex imaginum 2-5, omnes exempla exhibuit diversis gradibus Tuchotropy. In humilis tondendas rates, et viscositas de compositis solution augetur significantly cum incremento of HPS contentus, quod erat cum mutatione nullus-tondere viscositas cum HPS contentus.

Structural Recuperatio gradu DSR compositum exempla in diversis recuperatio tempus est ratione per formulam (2-3), ut ostensum est in mensa 2-1. Si DSR <I, in sample habet humilis tondendas resistentiam et sample est thixotropic; Vice versa, si DSR> I, in sample habet anti-Thixotropy. From the table, we can see that the DSR value of pure HPMC is very high, almost 1, this is because the HPMC molecule is a rigid chain, and its relaxation time is short, and the structure is recovered quickly under high shear force. Et DSR valore de HPS relative humilis, quod confirmat fortis Thixotropices proprietates, maxime quod HPS est flexibile torquem et eius relaxationem tempore diu. In structuram non plene recuperet intra temptationem temporis.

For the compound solution, in the same recovery time, when the HPMC content is greater than 70%, the DSR decreases rapidly with the increase of the HPS content, because the HPS molecular chain is a flexible chain, and the number of rigid molecular chains In compositis ratio crescit cum etiam de HPS. If it is reduced, the relaxation time of the overall molecular segment of the compound system is prolonged, and the thixotropy of the compound system cannot be recovered quickly under the action of high shear. When the content of HPMC is less than 70%, the DSR increases with the increase of the content of HPS, which indicates that there is an interaction between the molecular chains of HPS and HPMC in the compound system, which improves the overall rigidity of molecular segments in compositis ratio et breviora relaxationem tempore de compositis ratio reducitur et Thixotropy reducitur.

Insuper et DSR valore composita ratio fuit significantly inferior, quam de pura HPMC, quod indicavit quod Thixotropy de HPMC fuit significantly improved per componendo. Et DSR values ​​maxime ex exemplaria in compositis ratio fuerunt maior quam illas de pura HPS, significans quod stabilitatem de HPS est melius ad quaedam quatenus.

Potest etiam videatur a mensa, quod ad diversas convaluisset tempora, in DSR values ​​omnes ostende the lowest punctum cum HPMC contentus est LXX% et cum amulum contentus est maior quam LX%, DSR valore ad universa est altior that of pure HPS. Et DSR values ​​intra X s omnia exempla sunt valde prope ad extremum dsr values, quod indicat quod structuram compositum ratio basically complebitur maxime de munia structurae recuperare in X s. Est dignum notatis quod compositum exempla cum princeps HPS contentus ostendit trend of augendae primo et deinde decrescentes cum prolongationem recuperare tempus, quod indicavit quod compositum exempla et ostendit quodam de Thixotropy in actione humilis et ostendit quodam de Thixotropy sub actione humilis et ostendit quodam de Thixotropy in actione humilis tondendas eorum structuram magis instabiles.

Qualitative analysis de three-scaena Thixotropy est consistent cum nuntiata Thixotropic circulum test results, sed quantitatis analysis results sunt repugnans cum Thixotropic circulum test results. Et Thixotropy de HPMC / HPS compositis ratio est metiri by Thixotropic Ring modum cum incremento de HPS contentus [CCCV]. Degeneratum primum minuatur et auctus. Et THiewotropic circulum test potest non modo id quod est de Thixotropic phaenomenon, non potest confirmare illud, quia Thixotropic circulum est effectus simultaneum actionem tondendis et tondendas rate [325-327].

In hoc capite, in scelerisque gel HPMC et frigus gel HPS usus est ut pelagus rudis materiae ad construere duos-phase compositum ratio frigoris et calidum Gel. Influence of proprietatibus ut viscositas, fluxus exemplar et Thixotropy. Secundum communem necessitudinem inter diversas civitates et concentrationes Polymerorum in solutione, in Molecular statu exemplar HPMC / HPS compositis ratio in humilis temperatus solution est propositus. Secundum ad logarithmicam summationem principium proprietatibus diversis components in compositis ratio, in compatibility de compositis ratio studuit. Pelagus Inventiones sunt ut sequitur:

3. There is a critical concentration (8%) in the HPMC/HPS compound system, below the critical concentration, the HPMC molecular chains and the HPS gel phase region in the compound solution are separated from each other and exist independently; Cum discrimine concentration est perventum est, in compositis solutio microgelia statu formatur cum HPS phase sicut gel centrum, et HPMC Molecular vincula sunt intertex et coniungitur ad invicem; Supra discrimine concentration, et frequentes HPMC Macromolecular vincula et eorum intertwining cum HPS phase regionem sunt magis universa, et commercium est magis universa. Magis intensior, ita solution gerat sicut polymer conflandum.
4. In componendo ratio habet a significant impulsum in rheologica proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositis solutio. Cum incremento of HPS contentus, in tondendas phaenomenon de compositis ratio est manifestum, et influunt Index paulatim decrescit, et nullus tondendas viscositas et viscositas coefficiens paulatim crescere. crescit, significans quod solidum, sicut mores complexu est significantly melius.
5. Et nulla-tonde viscositas de compositis ratio exhibet quaedam positivum, negative-deviationem relative ad logarithmicam Sumation regula. Et compositis ratio est a duo-tempus ratio cum continua phase-dispersit phase "mare-insulae" structuram at humilis temperatus, et sicut HPMC / HP COMMENTATIO COMMENTARIUS post IV: VI, continua tempus COMPENSATIO ratio mutata.
6. Est linearibus relatione inter influunt index et componens ratione compositum solutions cum diversis componendo componens, quod indicat quod in componendo ratio habet bonum compatibility.
7. Nam HPMC / HPS compositis ratio, cum humilis-viscosity component est continuum tempus et summus viscositas component est continua tempus, in conlationem continuum tempus sit significantly diversis. Cum humilis-viscositas HPMC est continua tempus, in viscosity de compositis ratio maxime reflects conlationem continua-Phase viscositas; Dum cum summus visCOSITAS HPS est continuum tempus, HPMC ut dispergere tempus redigendum viscositas summus viscositas HPS. effectum.
8. Tres-scaena Thixotropy est usus ad studere effectum componendi Ratio in Thixotropy ex composita ratio. Et Thixotropy ex composita ratio ostendit trend primi decrescis et crescens cum decrementum HPMC / HPS componendis Ratio.
9. Et supra experimentalem eventu ostendere quod per componendo de HPMC et HPS, in proprietatibus duorum components, ut viscositas, toldning phaenomenon et Thixotropy, sunt libratum ad quaedam quatenus.

Caput III Praeparatio et Proprietates HPMC / HPS MANDIBUS Composite Films

Polymer componens est maxime via ad consequi multi, component perficientur complementarity, develop novum materiae cum optimum perficientur, reducere productum prices et expand ad applicationem range of materiae [240-242, CCCXXVIII]. Deinde, debitum ad aliquod MOLECULA structuram differentias et conformational entropy inter diversas polymeros, plurimum polymer compositionem systems non repugnant vel partim compatible [XI, XII]. Mechanica proprietatibus et alia Macroscopic proprietatibus Polymer compositis ratio sunt propinqua ad physicochochemicis proprietatibus cuiusque component, in componendo ratio cuiusque component, compatibilitatem inter components, et internum microscopic structuram et aliis [CCXL, CCCXXIX].

Ex chemical structuram parte, tum HPMC et HPS sunt hydrophilic curdlan, ut eadem structural unitas - GLYDOSE, et mutantur per idem munus - Hydroxypropyl, ita HPMC et HPPOXYPROPROPHIL, ita HPMC et HPPOXYPROPROPHIL, ita HPMC et HPS et HPMC est tempus. Capacitance. Autem, HPMC est thermally adductus gel, quae in solutione statu cum valde humilis viscositas humilis temperatus et forms a colloid in altum temperies; HPS est frigus-inductus gel, quod est humilis temperatus gel et in solutione statum ad altum temperatus; gel conditionibus mores omnino oppositum. Et Componing de HPMC et HPS non conducere ad formationem homogenei ratio cum bono compatibility. Accipiens in rationem et eget structuram et thermodynamics, est magni theoretical significationem et practica valorem ad compositis HPMC cum HPS constituere a frigus-calidum gel compositis ratio.

This chapter focuses on the study of the inherent properties of the components in the HPMC/HPS cold and hot gel compound system, the compounding ratio and the relative humidity of the environment on the microscopic morphology, compatibility and phase separation, mechanical properties, optical properties et scelerisque stilla proprietatibus compositis ratio. Et potentia ex macroscopic proprietates ut oxygeni obice proprietates.

3,1 materiae et apparatu

3.1.2 Main instrumenta et apparatu

3.2.1 Praeparatio HPMC / HPS MANDUA COMPOSITUM amet

The 15% (w/w) dry powder of HPMC and HPS was mixed with 3% (w/w) The polyethylene glycol plasticizer was compounded in deionized water to obtain the compounded film-forming liquid, and the edible composite film of HPMC/ HPS praeparatum per mittentem modum.

Praeparatio modum: Uno modo HPMC et HPS siccare pulveris et miscere eis secundum diversas rationibus; Deinde add in LXX ° C aqua et movent cursim ad CXX RPM / min pro XXX min ad plene disperse HPMC; Tum calor solutionem supra XCV ° C, movent celeriter celeriter ad I h ad totaliter gelatinize HPS; Post gelatinization perficitur, temperatus solution est celeriter reducitur ad LXX ° C, et solution est Suscitavit ad tardum celeritate LXXX RPM / min pro XL min. Plene dissolvere HPMC. Effundam XX g de mixto film-formatam solutio in polystyrene Petri catino cum diameter XV cm, mittite illud plana, et siccat XXXVII ° c. Exaruit film est expilatus a pervideo obtinere mandi possunt compositum membranam.

EDIBUS films erant omnes equilibrated ad LVII% humiditas pro magis quam III diebus ante tentat, et mandi possunt, cum LXXV% ad mechanicas, ut magis quam III diebus aequilibrated.

3.2.2 Micromorphology de mandi possunt compositum film de HPMC / HPS

3,2.2.1 Analysis principle of elementum electori microscopium

Electron tormentarii in vertice de scanning electronic microscopy (sem) emit a excelsum amount of electrons. Postquam reducitur et focused, potest formare electronicam trabem cum quadam industria et intensionem. Pulsamur magnetica agro scanning coil, secundum quoddam tempus et spatium ordinis scan superficies in sample punctum per punctum. Ob differentia in characteres superficie micro-area, in commercium inter specimen et electronicum trabem et generare secundarium electronicas cum diversis intensitatibus, quae colliguntur a Detector et convertit in electrica significationibus, quae sunt in Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae a Detector et convertit in electrica significationibus, quae sunt in Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae a Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae a Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae in Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae in Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae a Detector et conversus in electrica significationibus, quae sunt in Detector et convertitur in electrica significationibus, quae per sequebatur et convertit in electrica signa Et initus ad eget pictae fistulam, postquam adjusting claritas de pictura fistulam, secundarium electronicam imaginem potest adeptus quod potest reflectunt in Morphology et characteres in Micro-regione super superficiem in sample. Comparari cum traditional optical microscopium, quod resolutio de sem est relative altum, de 3nm-6nm de superficie iacuit de sample, quod est magis idoneam ad observationis Micro-structuram features in superficies materiae.

3.2.2.2 Test modum

Edibilis film est positus in desiccator in siccitate, et convenientem magnitudinem mandi possunt amet electus, crustulum in sem speciale sample scaena cum PROMIXUM COATER, et Aurum-PRONEDIVUS cum PRECTUPTA et TRUSTA, et Aurum PRECTATUS cum PRECTUA COEPTRUM ​​et Aurum PRECTATUS cum PRECTUUM CACATOR, et AURUM PRECTUALUM COATOR et deinde AURUM PRECTATIONE CRINATOR et deinde AURUM PRECTUPIUM COATRUM. Per test, in sample in in sem, et microscopicae morphologia de sample observatum et photographed ad CCC temporibus et M temporibus magnificationem sub electa trabem accelerationis voltage V KV.

3.2.3 Lux Transittance de HPMC / HPS EDULIS COMPOSITUM amet

3.2.3.1 Analysis principle of UV-Vis spectrophotometry

In UV-vis spectrophotometer emit lumen cum adsum CC ~ 800nm ​​et irradiate illud in obiecto. Quidam specifica fluctengths lucis in incident lucem absorbetur per materiam, et mellaribus vibrational industria campester transitus electronic industria campester transitus. Cum quisque substantiam habet diversis mocecular, nuclei et molecular structurae, cuiusque substantia habet suum propria effusio spectro, et contentus de substantia potest determinari vel determinari secundum gradum in absorbore in aliqua specifica et determinari secundum ad absorptum in aliqua specifica in effusio. Igitur UV vis spectrophotometric analysis est unum ex efficax est ad studere compositionem, structuram et commercium substantiarum.

Cumque trabem lucem hits obiectum, pars incident lucem absorbetur ab obiecto et alia pars incident lucem traducitur per obiectum Ratio traducitur lux intensionem ad incident lucem intensionem est transmittanttance.

Formula ad necessitudinem inter absorbance et transmittanttance est:

Inter eos a sit absorbance;

T est transmittance,%.

In ultima absorbance erat uniformiter corrigi per absorbance × 0,25 mm / crassitudine.

3.2.3.2 test modum

V% HPMC et HPS solutions parare, miscere eis secundum diversas rationibus, effundam X g de film-formatam solution in Polystyrene Petri catino cum diameter XV cm et siccare eos ad XXXVII ° C ad formare a film. Cut mandangula movendi in 1mm × 3mm rectangulum habena, posuit in cuvette, et faciet mandi possunt ad interiorem parietem cuvette amet. A WFZ UV-MMMDCCCII UV-Vis spectrophotometer esse solebat scan in exemplaria ad plenam unitatem 200-800 NM et singulis sample erat probata V temporibus.

3.2.4 Dynamic Thermomechanical proprietatibus HPMC / HPS EDULIS COMPOST

3.2.4.1 principle dynamic thermomanica analysis

Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMA) est instrumentum, quod potest metiretur necessitudinem inter massa et temperatus in speciem sub quadam inpulsa onus et programma temperatus, et potest probare mechanica proprietatibus et tempus in actione periodica temperatus et temperatus. Frequency relatione.

High M. Polymers et Viscucoelastic proprietates, quae potest copia mechanica industria sicut an elastomer in una parte, et consumat industria sicut mucus in alia manu. Cum periodica alterna vi applicantur, elastica pars convertit industria in potential industria et stores eam; Dum viscosis pars convertit industria in calidum industria et perdidit eam. Polymer materiae plerumque exhibent duo civitates humilis temperatus speculum statum et caliditas Flexilis status, et transitus temperatus inter duo civitatibus est speculum transitus temperatus. In speculum transitus temperatus directe afficit structuram et proprietatibus materiae, et est unus de maxime momenti propria temperaturis Polymerorum.

Per analyzing dynamic thermomechanical proprietatibus Polymers, in viscoelasticity Polymers potest servari, et momenti parametri determinare perficientur polymers potest adeptus, ut non potest esse melius applicari ad ipsam usum environment. In addition, dynamic thermomechanical analysis est valde sensitivo ad speculum transitus, phase separationem, crucem-vinculum, crystallization et motum omnino campester of mocecular et proprietatibus et proprietatibus in structuram et proprietatibus. Est saepe solebat studere moleculis Polymers. motus mores. Using the temperatus verrere modus in DMA, in eventum phase transitionum talis ut speculum transitus potest esse probata. Comparari cum DSC, DMA habet altiorem sensibilitatem et magis idoneam ad analysis de materiae simulantes re usu.

3.2.4.2 Test modum

Selecta mundus, uniformis, plana et undamaged exempla, et interficiam eos in 10mm × 20mm rectangulum denudat. In exemplaria sunt probata in mode usura Pydris Diamond Dynamic Thermomanical Analyzer ab Perkinelmer, USA. Test temperatus range XXV ~ CL ° C, et calefactio rate erat II ° C / min, frequency erat I HZ et test repetita bis in se sample. During the experiment, the storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E”) of the sample were recorded, and the ratio of the loss modulus to the storage modulus, that is, the tangent angle tan δ, could also be calculated.

3.2.5 scelerisque stabilitatem HPMC / HPS EDULIS COMPOSITUM films

3.2.5.1 principle thermogravimetric analysis

Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) potest metimur mutationem de mole de sample cum temperatus et tempus ad programmed temperatus, et potest esse ad studere, siccitatibus, decompositione et oxidatio substantiarum durante calefacit . et alia physica et eget phaenomena. In relatione curvae inter massa materiae et temperatus (vel tempore) adeptus directe post sample est probata dicitur thermogravimetric (TGA curve). Pondus damnum et alia notitia. Derivativa thermogravimetric curva (DTG curva) potest adeptus post primi ordinis derivationem TGA curvae, quae reflects mutationem de pondus damnum rate de probata est in temperatus et tempus, et apicem punctum est maximum punctum constant rate.

3.2.5.2 test methodo

Eligere mandi possunt, cum uniformis crassitudine, interficiam eam in circulum cum idem diameter ut thermogravimetric analyzer test orbis, et ponere plana in test orbis rate XX ml / min . Et temperatus range erat 30-700 ° C, et calefactio rate erat X ° C / min et singulis sample erat probata bis.

3.2.6.1 principle tensile proprietas analysis

3.2.6 Tensile Properties HPMC / HPS MANDEUS compositum films

Mechanica proprietas probat potest stabilis tensile onus ad spline per longitudinalis axis sub specifica temperatus, humiditas et celeritate conditionibus usque ad spline victus est. Per test, in onus applicantur ad spline et deformatio moles memoriae per mechanica proprietas probat, et accentus-strau curva in tensile deformatio in spline est instructa. Ex accentus, iactabantur curvae, et tensile vires (ibt), elongationem ad confractus (Ε) et elastica modulus (e) potest esse calculata ad aestimare ad tensile proprietatibus.

In accentus-iactabantur necessitudinem materiae potest generaliter dividitur in duas partes: elastica deformatio regionem et plastic deformatio regionem. In elastica deformatio zonam, in accentus et contentionem in materia habere linearem necessitudinem, et deformatio in hoc potest esse omnino recuperari, quod est in linea cum coquus est scriptor lege; In plastic deformatio zonam, et accentus et contentionem in materia sunt non linearibus, et deformatio, quod occurrit in hoc tempore irrepetibili, eventually in materia frangit.

Tensile viribus calculation Formula:

Ubi: quod est Tensile viribus, MPA;

P est maximam onus aut fractionis onus, n;

b est sample width, mm;

d crassitudine sample, mm.

Formula pro calculandum elongationem ad confractus:

Ubi: ΕB est elongatio ad confractus,%;

L distantiam inter signa lineas cum sample erumpit, mm;

L0 est originale METIOR Longum de sample, mm.

Elastica modulus calculation formula:

Inter eos: E elastica modulus, MPA;

ζ est accentus, MPA;

ε est iactabantur.

3.2.6.2 Test modum

Select mundus, uniformis, plana et undamaged exempla, referunt ad National Standard GB130222-91, et interficiam in Dumbbell informibus spreta cum totalis longitudinem 120mm, initialis intervallum inter fixtures 86mm et distantiam distantiae 40mm et latitudinem 10mm. Et Splines sunt positus ad LXXV% et LVII% (in atmosphaera sodium sodium chloride et sodium bromide solution) humiditas, et aequilibrated pro plus III diebus ante mensuræ. In hoc experimentum, in ASTM D638, (V) DLXVI Mechanica proprietas tester of Instron corporation of Civitatum Foederatarum et ejus 2712-003 pneumatic fibula sunt usus ad temptationis. Terle celeritate erat X mm / min et sample repetitur VII temporibus et mediocris valorem esse ratione.

3,2.7 oxygeni permeability de HPMC / HPS MANDUM COMPOSITUM amet

3.2.7.1 principle of oxygeni permeability analysis

Post test sample installed, in test cavum dividitur in duas partes et B; A summus puritas oxygeni fluunt cum quadam fluunt rate transivit in cavum, et NITROGENIUM fluunt cum quadam fluunt rate Transierunt in Bavennam; Per test processus, in cavum dolor permeates per specimen in in B, et oxygeni infiltated in B cavis ferri a NITROGENIUM influunt et relinquit B devato ad oxygeni sensorem. In dolor sensor mensuras superiores oxygeni contentus in NITROGENIUM influunt et outputs est correspondentes electrica signum, ita calculandum in sample oxygeni. Transmittance.

3.2.7.2 test modum

Delige undamaged mandi possunt compositum films, interficiam eos in 10.16 x 10.16 cm adamas-informibus exemplaria, tunica in ore superficies in fibulis cum vacuum uncto, et in fibulis in fibulis et vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis cum vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis cum vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis cum vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis cum vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis cum vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis cum vacuum uncto et in fibulis in fibulis in test obstructionum. Probata secundum ASTM D MMMCMLXXXV, singulis specimen habet test area de L CM2.

3.3 results et disputationem

3.3.1 Microstucture analysis mandi possunt composita films

In commercium inter components de film-formatam liquidum et siccatio condiciones-determinare ultima structuram de film et serio affect variis corporis et eget proprietatibus de film [CCCXXX, CCCXXXI]. Initae gel proprietatibus et componendo ratio cuiusque pars potest afficit in compositis compositis, quae amplius afficit superficiem structuram et ultima proprietatibus membranae [CCCI, CCCXXXII]. Ideo microstructural analysis de films potest providere pertinet notitia in Molecular rearangement cuiusque component, quod rursus potest adiuvare nos melius intelligere proprietatibus, mechanica proprietatibus, et proprietatibus de films.

Et superficies scanning Electron microscope micrographs of HPS / HPMC mandi possunt films cum diversis rationibus ostenditur in Figura 3-1. Sicut potest videri a Figura 3-1, quaedam exempla ostendit Micro-rimas super superficiem, quae potest causari a reductione humorem in sample in test, aut per impetum electronicam trabem in microscopio cavum et ad electronicam trabem in microscopium cavum, aut in microscopium caxi, aut in microscopium cavum in microscopio , CXXXIX]. In figura, pura HPMC HPMC et membranam. Membranae ostendit relative lenis microscopic superficiebus et microsctructure de pura HPS membranes erat magis homogenea et nitidior quam pura HPMC membranas, quae potest esse maxime ex amulum Moleculas (Amylose Molecules et Amypercul Moleculas (Amicule Molecular Molecular Domicilii.) Effectum Molecular Molecular Moleculares Molecularum et Moleculares Molecular Molecular.) Effectum Potius Molecular Molecularem et AMYLOPECRENT) in Molecular Molecular REMORDENDO.) Effectum melius Molecular Molecular.) Effectum melius Molecular Molecular Molecularum et Amicule Moleculas Molecular. in aqueum solutio. Multi studiis ostensum est quod amylose, amylopectin-aqua ratio in refrigerationem processus

Non potest esse competitive mechanism inter gel formationem et phase separationem. Si rate of phase separationem est inferior quam rate of gel formation, tempus separationem non fieri in systematis, aliter, tempus separationis erit in systematis [CCCXXXIII, CCCXXXIV]. Praeterea, cum Amylose contentus excedit XXV%, in Gelatinization of Amylose et continua amylose network structuram potest significantly inhibere speciem phase separationem [CCCXXXIV]. Et amylose contentus de HPS in hac charta est LXXX%, multo altior quam XXV%, ita melius illustrante Purfer HPMC sunt magis homogenei et levior quam pura HPMC membranis.

Potest videri ex comparatione figurarum, quod superficies omnium compositorum films sunt relative aspera, et aliqua irregulares bumps dispersi sunt, significans quod est quaedam gradus immiscibility inter HPMC et HPMC. Sed et compositum membranes altum HPMC contentus exhibuit magis homogenea structuram quam qui cum princeps Hps contentus. HPS-Based Condensitas ad XXXVII ° F Formatio Temperature

Ex proprietatibus gel, HPS viscosum statum gel praesentavit; dum ex proprietatibus gel scelestorum HPMC, HPMC statui solutionis aquae similis praesentatur. In membranula composita alta HPS contentum (7:3 HPS/HPMC), viscosum HPS Phase continuum est, et aqua instar HPMC in summa viscositate HPS periodo continua ut dispersa, quae non conducit, dispergitur. uniformi distributioni Phase dispersae; In the composite film with high HPMC content (3:7 HPS/HPMC), the low-viscosity HPMC transforms into the continuous phase, and the viscous HPS is dispersed in the low-viscosity HPMC phase as the dispersed phase, which is conducive to Formatio homogenea Phase. composita ratio.

Ex figura videri potest quod, licet omnes membranae compositae aspera et inhomogenea superficiei structuras ostendant, nullum evidens tempus interfaciendi invenitur, ostendens HPMC et HPS bene congruentiam habere. Et HPMC / amulum compositarum films sine plasticizers ut Peg ostendit obvious tempus separationem [CCCI], sic indicans quod tam hydroxypropyl modificatio et pegulas plasticizers potest amplio compatibility de compositis -system potest.

3.3.2 Analysis proprietatum opticarum membranarum compositorum mandi

Lux Transmissus proprietatibus mandi possunt compositum films de HPMC / HPS cum diversis rationibus sunt probata per UV-vis spectrophotometer, et UV Spectra sunt ostensum est in Figura 3-2. Et maior lucem transmittance pretii, magis uniformis et transparent ad film est; Vice versa, quod minor lucem transmittance valorem, magis inaequaliter et opacum ad film est. Potest esse ex Figura 3-2 (a) ut omnes compositum films ostenderet similes flecte cum incremento de scanning adsum in plenam intuens scanning range et lumen transmittance augetur paulatim cum incremento et lumen transmittanttance crescit paulatim cum incremento. At 350nm, curvas tendunt ad Plateau.

Select the transmittance at the wavelength of 500nm for comparison, as shown in Figure 3-2(b), the transmittance of pure HPS film is lower than that of pure HPMC film, and with the increase of HPMC content, the transmittance decreases first, and then increased after reaching the minimum value. When the HPMC content increased to 70%, the light transmittance of the composite film was greater than that of pure HPS. Notum est systema homogenea melius lucem transmissionem exhibere, eiusque valorem UV mensuratum plerumque altiorem esse; materiae inhomogeneae plerumque magis opacae sunt et valores transmissionis UV inferiores habent. Et transmittance values ​​de compositis films (VII: III, V, V) et inferiores quam illas ex pura HPMC films, significans quod erat quaedam gradus et HPMC separationis inter duo components et HPMC.

Fig. 3-2 spectra UV ad omnes aequalitates (a), et ad D um (b), ad HPS/HPMC cinematographica mixtura. The bar represents mean ±standard deviations. ac: litterae diversae significanter diversae sunt cum ratione mixtionis variae (p < 0.05), in plena dissertatione applicata

3.3.3 Analysis thermomechanica dynamica cinematographica composita edulis

Figura 3-3 ostendit proprietates dynamicas thermomechanicae eduliorum cinematographicorum HPMC/HPS cum diversis formis. Ex Fig. 3-3 (a) videri potest modulum repono (E') cum augmento contentorum HPMC decrescere. Praeterea modulus repositionis omnium exemplorum sensim cum temperatura increscente decrevit, excepto quod modulus repono puri HPS (10:0) cinematographico paulo post auctam caliditatem ad 70 °C augebatur. Ad caliditatem, nam cinematographicum compositum cum magno HPMC contento, modulus cinematographici compositi film apertam inclinationem deorsum habet cum augmento caliditatis; dum pro exemplo magno HPS contento, modulus repono tantum cum augmento caliditatis diminuitur.

Fig. 3-3 Repono modulum (E′) (a) et damnum tangens (tan δ) (b) HPS/HPMC mixtio cinematographica

3.3.4 Analysis stabilitatis scelerisque cinematographici compositi mandi

Fig. 3-4 curvae TGA (a) earumque curvae derivativae (DTG) (b) HPS/HPMC mixtionis membranae

Stabilitas scelerisque eduli compositi cinematographici HPMC/HPS probata est ab analysi thermogravimetrica. Figura 3-4 curvae thermogravimetricae (TGA) ostendit eiusque pondus damnum rate curvae (DTG) cinematographicae compositae. Ex curva TGA in Figura 3-4(a), videri potest membranam compositam cum diversis rationibus ostendere, duos gradus mutationis thermogravimetricae manifestos cum augmento caliditatis ostendere. Volatilisatio aquae a polysaccharide macromolecula adsortata consequitur in parva periodo ponderis amissionis 30-180 °C antequam ipsa degradatio scelerisque occurrat. Postmodum maior pars ponderis CCC~ 450 °C amissio est, hic degradationis thermae pars HPMC et HPS.

From the DTG curves in Figure 3-4(b), it can be seen that the thermal degradation peak temperatures of pure HPS and pure HPMC are 338 °C and 400 °C, respectively, and the thermal degradation peak temperature of pure HPMC is Altior quam HPS, significans quod HPMC magis scelerisque stabilitatem quam HPS. When the HPMC content was 30% (7:3), a single peak appeared at 347 °C, which corresponds to the characteristic peak of HPS, but the temperature was higher than the thermal degradation peak of HPS; Cum autem HPMC contentus erat LXX% (III, VII), solum proprietatem apicem HPMC apparuit ad CD ° C; Cum autem contentus de HPMC erat L%, duo scelerisque degradation iugis apparuit in DTG curva, CCCXLV ° C et CCCXCVI ° C, respective. The peaks correspond to the characteristic peaks of HPS and HPMC, respectively, but the thermal degradation peak corresponding to HPS is smaller, and both peaks have a certain shift. It can be seen that most of the composite membranes only show a characteristic single peak corresponding to a certain component, and they are offset compared to the pure component membrane, which indicates that there is a certain difference between the HPMC and HPS components. gradum compatibility. The thermal degradation peak temperature of the composite membrane was higher than that of pure HPS, indicating that HPMC could improve the thermal stability of HPS membrane to a certain extent.

3.3.5 Analysis proprietatum mechanicarum ex cinematographico composito mandi

The tensile properties of HPMC/HPS composite films with different ratios were measured by mechanical property analyzer at 25 °C, relative humidity of 57% and 75%. Figura 3-5 ostendit in elastica modulus (a), elongationem ad confractus (b) et tensile fortitudinem (c) de HPMC / HPS compositorum films cum diversis rationibus sub diversis relative humiditas. Potest videri ex figura, quod cum relative humiditas est LVII%, ad elastica modulum et tensile robur pura HPS HPMC est minima. Cum incremento of HPS contentus, in elastica modulum et tensile robur compositorum films auctus continue. HPMC Membrana ad confractus est multo maior quam de pura HPMC membranam, et tam maior quam ex composito membrana.

Cum relative humiditas est altior (LXXV%) comparari ad LVII% relative humiditas, in elastica modulus et distrahentes robore omnium exemplaria decrescebat, dum elongatio ad confractus augetur significantly. Hoc est maxime, quod aqua, ut communis plasticizer, potest diluere HPMC et HPS matrix, reducere vim inter Polymer vincula et amplio mobilitatem Polymer segments. In alto relative humiditas, in elastica modulo et tensile robur pura HPMC films sunt altior quam illa de pura HPS Films, sed elongatio ad confractus erat inferior, quod prorsus differt a eventus humilitatem. Valet attendens quod variation mechanica proprietatibus compositum films cum component rationes ad altum humiditas LXXV% est omnino oppositum ad humilitatem humiditatem comparari ad causam ad relativum humiditas LVII%. Sub alte humiditas, humorem contentus de film crescit, et aquam non solum habet quaedam plasticizing effectus in polymer matrix sed etiam promovet recrymstallization amulum. Comparatus cum HPMC, HPS validiorem inclinationem habet ad recrystallizandum, effectus ergo humiditatis relativae in HPS multo maior quam HPMC.

Fig. 3-5 Tensile proprietatibus HPMC / HPMC films cum diversis HPS / HPMC raturios aequilibratum sub diversis humilitate (RH) conditionibus. *: Diversis numero litteris sunt significantly diversis cum variis RH, applicantur in plena dissertatione

3.3.6 Analysis Oxygenis Permeabilitatis Edili Compositae Films

Edible composite film is used as food packaging material to extend the shelf life of food, and its oxygen barrier performance is one of the important indicators. Therefore, the oxygen transmission rates of edible films with different ratios of HPMC/HPS were measured at a temperature of 23 °C, and the results are shown in Figure 3-6. Non potest esse ex figure ut dolor permeability pura HPS membrana est significantly minus, quam quod de pura HPMC membrana, significanter, quod HPMC membranam habet meliorem oxygeni obice proprietatibus quam HPMC membranam. Ex humili viscositas et existentia amorpho regionum HPMC facile formare relative solveris humilis densitas network structuram in film; compared with HPS, it has a higher tendency to recrystallize, and it is easy to form a dense structure in the film. Many studies have shown that starch films have good oxygen barrier properties compared with other polymers [139, 301, 335, 336].

Fig. 3-6 oxygeni permeability of HPS / HPMC Misces

Addition of HPMC potest significantly reducere oxygeni permeability de HPMC membranas, et oxygeni permeability composita membranis decrescit acriter cum incremento de HPS contentus. The addition of the oxygen-impermeable HPS can increase the tortuosity of the oxygen channel in the composite membrane, which in turn leads to a decrease in the oxygen permeation rate and ultimately lower oxygen permeability. Similar results have been reported for other native starches [139,301].

1. Comparatus cum puris HPMC, purus HPS facilior est morphologiam superficiei microscopicae homogenea et lenis formare. Hoc maxime debetur meliori compositione hypothetica amyli macromolecularum (molecularum amylosa et amylopectin molecularum) in solutione amyli aqueae in processu refrigerando.
2. Compositos cum HPMC contentus sunt magis verisimile ad formare homogenea membrana structurae. Hoc maxime secundum Gel proprietatibus HPMC et HPS. In film-formatam temperatus, HPMC et HPS ostendere humilis-viscositas solutio status et summus viscosity gel statum, respective. Et summus viscositas dispersit Phase dispersit in humilis-viscositas continua tempus. , Facilius est formare homogenea ratio.
3. Relativa humiditas significantem effectum in proprietatibus mechanicis HPMC/HPS compositae membranae habet, et gradus effectus eius cum augmento contentorum HPS augetur. Ad humiditatem relativam inferioris, moduli elastici et distrahentis vis elasticae cinematographicae compositae aucto cum incremento contenti HPS aucta, et elongatio in crepusculo membranae compositae signanter inferior erat quam membranae purae componentis. With the increase of relative humidity, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the composite film decreased, and the elongation at break increased significantly, and the relationship between the mechanical properties of the composite film and the compounding ratio showed a completely opposite change pattern under different relative humidity. The mechanical properties of composite membranes with different compounding ratios show an intersection under different relative humidity conditions, which provides the possibility to optimize product performance according to different application requirements.
4. Et addition of HPS signanter melius oxygeni obice proprietatibus compositi membranae. Et oxygeni permeability compositum membranae minuatur acriter cum incremento of HPS contentus.
5. In systemate composito gel frigido et calido HPMC/HPS, certa compatibilitas est inter duo membra. Nullum interfacies conspicuum duo-phasi in SEM imaginum omnium membranarum compositorum repertum est, pleraque ex membranis compositarum unum punctum transitus vitrei in DMA consequitur, et una tantum cacumina thermarum degradationis apparuit in curvis DTG plurimorum compositorum. filius. Ostendit certam descriptionem esse inter HPMC & HPS.

Caput IV Relatio inter Micromorphologiam et Mechanica Proprietates HPMC/HPS Compone System

Cum superiori mixtione entropiae in mixtura metallica mixtura, entropiae mixtionis in polymerorum compositione perexigua esse solet, et calor componendi in compositione plerumque affirmativus est, inde in processibus componendis polymerus. The Gibbs free energy change in is positive (,>) Igitur polymer formulationes tendunt ad formare phase-separata duo-phase systems, et plene compatible polymer formulae sunt valde rara [CCXLII].

Miscibilia systemata composita plerumque possunt miscibilitatem hypotheticum graduum consequi in thermodynamica et formare compositorum homogeneorum, ideo pleraque systemata mixta polymerorum immiscibilia sunt. Multi tamen systemata compositorum polymerorum sub certis condicionibus compatibilem attingere possunt et systemata compositi cum quadam convenientia fiunt [257].

Proprietates macroscopicae, sicut proprietates mechanicae systematum compositorum polymerorum, magna ex parte pendent a commercio et periodo morphologiae earum partium, praesertim convenientiae inter partes et compositionem augmentorum continuorum et dispersorum [301]. Magni igitur momenti est morphologiam microscopicam ac proprietates macroscopicae systematis compositi studere atque inter eos necessitudinem constituere, quae magni momenti est regere proprietates materiarum compositarum, moderantes Phase structuram et convenientiam systematis compositi.

In processus of studeo et morphologia et Phase diagram in complexu ratio, est valde maximus eligere oportet modo ad distinguere diversis components. Tamen distinctio HPMC et HPS est difficile, quia utrumque bonum diaphanum et similes refractivam index, ita difficile distinguere duo components per optical microscopi; Praeterea, quia utrumque organicum carbon-fundatur materia, ita ut duo similes industria effusio, ita etiam difficile ad scanning electronic microscopy ad verius distinguere par coniecturi. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy potest reflectunt mutationes in morphology et phase dapibus et dapibus-start complexu ratio a regio Ratio Polysaccharide cohortem ad 1180-953 cm I et Aeri Band at 1750-1483 cm I [LII, CCCXXXVII]: sed hoc ars est valde universa et typice requirit synchrotron radialis Fourier Transfured infrared technicae ad generare sufficienti contrarium HPMC / Hybrid Systems. Sunt etiam ars ad consequi quod separationem components, ut tradenda electronic microscopy et parva-angulus X-ray sparsi, sed haec ars solent complexu [CCCXXXVIII]. In hac re, simplex IODUM MINEING optical microscopium analysis modum adhibetur, et principle quod finis coetus de amylose huic structuram potest agere cum IODUM ad formare inclusion complexibus est usus ad mori HPMC / HPS compositis per IODUM Dyeing, ut HPMC components distincta a diversis Coloribus in lucem microscopium. Igitur IODUM Dyeing optical microscopium analysis modum est simplex et efficax investigationis modum pro morphology et phase diagram amytho-fundatur universa systems.

In this chapter, the microscopic morphology, phase distribution, phase transition and other microstructures of the HPMC/HPS compound system were studied by means of iodine dyeing optical microscope analysis; et proprietates mechanicas et aliae proprietates macroscopicae; et per correlationem analysi morphologiae microscopicae et proprietatum macroscopicarum diversarum solutionum concentratione et rationum componentium, relatio inter microstructuram et macroscopicam proprietatum systematis compositi HPMC/HPS constitutum est, ut moderaretur HPMC/HPS. Fundamentum proprietatibus materiae compositarum.

Praepara HPMC solutionem et solutionem HPS ad 3%, 5%, 7% et 9% contrahere, vide 2.2.1 ad praeparationem methodi. Misce HPMC solutionem et HPS solutionem secundum 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 45:55, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 0; 100 Different ratios were mixed at a speed of 250 rmp/min at 21 °C for 30 min, and mixed solutions with different concentrations and different ratios were obtained.

Vide 3.2.1.

Ad solution paratus per modum in 2.2.1, utuntur immaculatam, ferro fingunt ad tingens, et siccat eam at XXXVII ° c. Excute exaruit capsules, interficiam off excessus, et posuit simul ad formare par.

4.2.4.1 Principia Microscopii Optica Analysis

Microscopia optica optica utitur principio magnificandi imaginandi lens convexa, et duabus lentis convergentibus utitur ad angulum aperturae proximarum substantiarum minimarum oculis dilatandum, et magnitudine substantiarum minimarum quae ab oculo humano discerni non possunt. donec magnitudo substantiarum ab oculo humano cognosci possit.

4.2.5 lux transmissio HPMC/HPS composita film

4.2.5.1 Analysis principium UV-vis spectrophotometriae

Idem ac 3.2.3.1.

4.2.5.1 Modum Expertus

4.2.6 Proprietates distrahentes HPMC/HPS compositae membranae

Idem ac 3.2.3.1.

4.2.6.1 Experta methodo

Exempla sunt probata post aequilibrare 73% humiditatem pro 48 h. See 3.2.3.2 for the test method.

4,3 Results and Discussion

4.3.1 productum diaphanum observationis

Figure 4-1 shows edible films and capsules prepared by compounding HPMC and HPS in a 70:30 compounding ratio. Sicut potest videri a figura, products habere bonum diaphanum, quod indicat quod HPMC et HPS similes refractiva indices et homogenei compositis post componendo potest adeptus est post duos.

4.3.2 Microscopium opticum HPMC imagines / HPS complexa ante et post tinguere

Figura 4-2 ostendit typical EXTHOLOGIUM ante et post tincta de HPMC / HPS complexa cum diversis componendi rationes observari in optical microscopium. Sicut potest videri a figura, difficile est distinguere HPMC tempus et HPS tempus in firmamini instar; Et mortuus est pura HPMC et pura HPS ostendere sua unique coloribus, quod est quod reactionem HPS et IODUM per IODUM macilentum ejus color fit obscurior. Unde duo Augmenta in HPMC / HPS compositis ratio simpliciter et scilicet distinguitur, quod amplius probat quod HPMC et HPS non miscibilem et non formare homogenei compositis. Sicut potest videri ex figure, ut HPS contentus crescit, area in tenebris area (HPS phase) in figura servat crescente ut expectata, ita confirmat quod duo-phase reorangement occurs in hoc processus. Cum autem contentus de HPMC est altior quam XL%, HPMC munera statu continui Phase, et HPMC Dispersit in continua tempus HPMC ut dispersit tempus. In Contra, cum ad contentus de HPMC est inferior quam XL%, HPS praesentibus statum continui tempus, et HPMC est dispersit in continua tempus HPS ut dispersit tempus. Ideo in V% HPMC / HPS compositis solutio, cum augendae HPS contentus, oppositum factum cum compositis Ratio fuit HPMC / HPS 40:60. Et continua tempus mutationes ab initial HPMC tempus ad posteros HPS tempus. Per servatis phase figuram, potest esse HPMC tempus in HPS vulvam est sphaerica post dispersionem, dum dispersit figura HPS in HPMC vulvam magis irregulares.

Praeterea, per calculandum rationem de area de lumine-coloris area (HPMC) ad tenebras-coloris area (HPMC) in HPMC / HPS complexu cum tyeing (sine considerat Mesophase res est), quod in area HPMC (coloris levis) in figura HPS (coloris obscuri) semper maior est proportio quam ipsa ratio composita HPMC/HPS. Exempli causa, in diagrammate HPMC/HPS composita cum mixta ratione 50:50 maculat, area HPS in area interphase non computatur, et proportio area lucis/tenebrae 71/29 est. Hic eventus confirmat magnum numerum mesopharum in systemate composito HPMC/HPS existentiam.

Notum est quod plene compatible polymer componentis systems sunt satis rara quia in polymer componendo processus, calor componendi est plerumque positivum et entropy de energing solet mutat, ut a positivum pretii. Tamen in HPMC / HPS compositis ratio, HPMC et HPS sunt tamen promittentes ostendere maiorem gradum de compatibility, quia HPMC et HPS sunt tam hydrophilic Polysaccharides, ut idem structural unitas - GLYDARIUS, et eadem muneris coetus est mutatio hydroxypropyl. Et Phaenomenon multiplex Mesophases in HPMC / HPMC compositis ratio quoque indicat quod HPMC et HPS in compositis habere aliquam gradum compatibility, et similes phaenomenon in stylo-polyovyl alcohol mixtio ratio cum PLOLICINIBUS addidit. et apparuit [CCCXXXIX].

4.3.3 De necessitudine inter microscopic morphologiam et macroscopic proprietatibus de compositis ratio

The relationship between the morphology, phase separation phenomenon, transparency and mechanical properties of the HPMC/HPS composite system was studied in detail. Figure 4-3 ostendit effectus de HPS contentus in Macroscopic proprietatibus ut diaphantiam et distrahere modulum de HPMC / HPS compositis ratio. It can be seen from the figure that the transparency of pure HPMC is higher than that of pure HPS, mainly because the recrystallization of starch reduces the transparency of HPS, and the hydroxypropyl modification of starch is also an important reason for the reduction of transparency of HPS [CCCXL, CCCXLI]. It can be found from the figure that the transmittance of the HPMC/HPS compound system will have a minimum value with the difference of the HPS content. Et transmittance de compositis ratio, in range of HPS content infra LXX%, crescit cumiT minuitur augmentum HPS contentus; Cum HPS contentus excedit LXX%, auget augmentum HPS contentus. Hoc phaenomenon significat quod HPMC / HPS compositis ratio immiscible, quia tempus separationem phaenomenon ratio ducit ad decrementum lumen transittance. Sed contra est quod puer modulus de compositis ratio etiam apparuit a minimum punctum cum diversis proportionalium, et iuvenes modulus continued ad minui cum incremento de LX%. Modulus continued ad augendam et modulum auctus leviter. De modulo de HPMC / HPS compositis ratio ostendit a minimum valorem, quae etiam indicavit quod compositis ratio fuit immiscible ratio. In lowest parte lucis transmittanttance de HPMC / HPMC compositis ratio est cum phase transitus punctum HPMC continua tempus ad dispersit phase et infimum punctum Young 's modulus valorem in Figura 4-2.

4.3.4 Effectus solutionis retrahitur in morphologiam microscopicam systematis compositi

Figure 4-4 shows the effect of solution concentration on the morphology and phase transition of the HPMC/HPS compound system. Sicut potest videri ex figure, humilis concentration III% HPMC / HPMC compositis ratio, in compositis Ratio HPMC / HPS 40:60, species co-continua structuram potest observari; dum in alta solutione retrahitur 7%, haec structura co-continua observatur in figura cum ratione componens 50:50. Hoc evenit ostendit Phase transitum punctum HPMC/HPS systematis compositi certam dependentiam contrahere, et HPMC/HPS componendi ratio phase transitus cum augmento compositionis solutionis concentrationis augetur, et HPS ad tempus continuum formandum tendit. . . Praeterea, HPS ditiones in HPMC continua periodo dispersae similes figuras et morphologias cum mutatione concentrationis demonstraverunt; dum HPMC phases dispersae in HPS continua periodo dispersae sunt, varias figuras et morphologias in diversis concentratione demonstraverunt. et, aucta intentione solutionis, dispersio area HPMC magis magisque irregularis facta est. Praecipua huius phaenomeni ratio est quia viscositas solutionis HPS multo altior est quam solutio solutionis HPMC ad cella temperiei, et tendentia ipsius HPMC phase ad formam sphaerici pulchre reprimendam propter superficiem tensionis.

4.3.5 Effectus solution concentration in mechanica proprietatibus de compositis ratio

Respondentem ad morphologiis ficus. 4-4, Fig. 4-5 ostendit in proprietatibus compositorum formatae sub diversis concentration solutions. Non potest esse ex figura, quod iuvenes modulus et elongatio ad confractus de HPMC / HPS composita ratio tendunt ad minui cum incremento solution concentration, quod est cum gradual transformatio in Figura IV -4. The microscopic morphology is consistent. Since the Young's modulus of HPMC homopolymer is higher than that of HPS, it is predicted that the Young's modulus of HPMC/HPS composite system will be improved when HPMC is the continuous phase.

4.4 Summary of the

In hoc capite, HPMC/HPS solutiones compositae et membranae compositae edibiles cum diversis concentratione et componendis rationibus praeparatae sunt, et morphologiam et periodum microscopicam transitus systematis compositi HPMC/HPS observatum est a microscopio optica analysi Iodi maculantis ad differentias amylorum augmenta. The light transmittance and mechanical properties of the edible composite film of HPMC/HPS were studied by UV-vis spectrophotometer and mechanical property tester, and the effects of different concentrations and compounding ratios on the optical properties and mechanical properties of the compounding system were studied. The relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of the HPMC/HPS compound system was established by combining the microstructure of the composite system, such as microstructure, phase transition and phase separation, and macroscopic properties such as optical properties and mechanical properties. Pelagus Inventiones sunt ut sequitur:

1. Et optical microscopium analysis modum distinguere amulum augmenta per IODUM macilentum est maxime simplex, recta et effective modum studeo et morphologia et phase transitus amythio-secundum compositis. Cum Iodum maculatione, in amulum phase videtur obscurior et obscurior sub lumine microscopy, cum HPMC non contaminavit et ideo videtur levius colore.
2. Systema compositum HPMC/HPS non miscibilis est, et punctum transitum est in systemate composito, et hic punctus transitus habet quandam compositionis rationem dependentiam et solutionem concentratio dependentis.
3. Systema compositis HPMC/HPS congruentiam bonam habet, et magnus numerus mesophaeorum in systemate composito adsunt. In media periodo, phase continuus dispergitur in Phase disperso in statu particularum.
5. Relationes inter microstructuram, Phase transitum, diaphanum et mechanicas proprietates systematis compositi HPMC/HPS constitutum est. a. Infimum diaphaneitatis systematis compositi consentaneum est cum Phase transitus punctum HPMC ab continua periodo ad Phase dispersos et punctum minimum diminutionis moduli distrahentis. b. Et iuvenes est modulus et elongatio ad confractus decrementum cum incremento solution concentration, quod est causaliter ad morphologiam mutationem de HPMC ex continua tempus ad dispersit tempus in compositis ratio.

In summa, proprietates macroscopicae systematis compositi HPMC/HPS propinqua cum eius structurae morphologicae microscopicae, Phase transitus, Phase separationis et aliorum phaenomenorum, et compositorum proprietates moderari possunt, componi Phase structuram et compatibilitatem compositi. ratio.

It is well known that small changes in the chemical structure of starch can lead to dramatic changes in its rheological properties. Therefore, chemical modification offers the possibility to improve and control the rheological properties of starch-based products [342]. In vicissim, mastering influentiam amulum eget structuram in suis proprietatibus potest melius intelligere stricturae proprietatibus amyter-fundatur products, et providebit basis ad propositum mutatio starches cum melius amulum ad proprietatibus [CCXXXV]. Amylum hydroxypropyl est professio amylum modificatum in agro cibo et medicina late adhibitum. Solet praeparari ab eterificatione reactionis amuli nativi cum oxydi propylene sub conditionibus alcalini. Hydroxypropyl is a hydrophilic group. Introductio horum circulorum in catenam amulum hypotheticam, vincula consectetuer intramoleculares frangere vel debilitare potest, quae structuram amyli granuli sustinent. Ideo proprietates physicochemicae amyli hydroxypropyl se habent ad gradum substitutionis circulorum hydroxypropyl in catenis suis hypotheticis [233, 235, 343, 344].

Multi studiis investigari effectum hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus in physicochemicis proprietatibus hydroxypropyl amulum. Han et al. Studuit effectis hydroxypropyl Ceoly amulum et hydroxypropyl cornstarch in structura et retrogradation characteres Korean glutinosus rice liba. In studium invenitur quod hydroxypropylation potest reducere gelatinization temperatus amulum et amplio aqua tenens facultatem amulum. perficientur, et significantly inhibuit senescit Phaenomenon amulum in Coreanica glutinosus rice liba [CCCXLV]. Kaur et al. Discied effectum hydroxypropyl substitutione in physicochachalicis proprietatibus diversorum generis annuum amulum, et invenit quod gradu hydroxypropyl substitutione annuum amulum variantur diversis particula magnitudine magnitudine magis significant; Et hydroxypropylation reactionem facit multis fragmenta et strades in superficies granulis; Hydroxypropyl substitutione potest significantly amplio tumor proprieties, aqua solubility et solubility amulum in Dimethyl sulfoxide et meliorem amulum per diaphanum crustulum [CCCXLVI]. Lacus et al. Discidit effectum hydroxypropyl substitutione in proprietatibus dulcis annuum amulum. De studiis ostendit quod post hydroxypropyl modificationem, libera tumor facultatem et aquam solubility amulum sunt melius; Renault et retrogradation patria amulum inhibuit; Digestibility est melius [CCCXLVII]. Schmitz et al. Paratus hydroxypropyl tapioca amulum et inventus est habere superior tumor facultatem et viscosity, minus senescit rate, et superiore rigidum-CALLA stabilitate [CCCXLIV].

Tamen, illic es pauci studiis in proprietatibus Hydroxypropyl amulum et effectis hydroxypropyl modificatio in rhematicis proprietatibus et gel proprietatibus amythe-secundum compositis systems fuisse raro relata ita longe. Chun et al. Studied in Rheology humilis-concentration (V%) hydroxypropyl rice amulum solution. Eventus ostendit quod effectus hydroxypropyl modificatio in stabilis-statu et dynamic vlecoelasticity amulum solution erat ad gradus substitutione potest significantly mutare rhematicis proprietatibus solutioni; In viscositas coefficiens amulum solutions diminuitur cum incremento substitutionis gradum, et temperatus dependentia de suae proprietatibus crescit cum augmentum hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu. Quantum decrescit augendae gradus substitutione [CCCXLII]. Lee et al. studuit effectum hydroxypropyl substitutione in physica proprietatibus et rheology proprietatibus dulcis annuum amulum et eventus ostendit quod tumor facultatem et aquam solubily amulum augetur cum incremento gradum hydroxypropyl substitutione; Et enthalpy valorem decrescit cum incremento hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus; Viscosity coefficiens, complexu viscositas, cede accentus, complexu viscositas et dynamic modulum amulum solutio omnium decrementum cum incremento hydroxypropyl substitutionem gradum, fluidi index et damnum elementum auget gradu hydroxyprop In gel fortitudo amuli glutinat decrescit, in frigore-CALLA stabilitatem crescit, et synthesis effectus decrescit [CCXXXV].

In hoc capite, quod effectus de HPS Hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu de proprietatibus et gel proprietatibus HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum Gel compositis ratio studuit. Transitus situ est magni momenti in-profunda intellectus in necessitudine inter structuram formationem et rheologiam proprietatibus. Insuper et gelaer mechanism de HPMC / HPS reverse-refrigerationem compositis ratio fuit preliminarie de quibus, ut providere quidam theoretical ductu aliis similibus vicissim-calor-refrigerationem gel systems.

5,1 materiae et apparatu

5,2 experimentalem modum

5.2.1 Praeparatio compositis solutions

XV% HPMC / HPS compositis solutions cum diversis componendo componendo (100/0, 50/50, 0/100) et HPS cum diversis hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus (G80, A939, A1081) parati. Praeparatio modi a1081, A939, HPMC et compositis solutions ostenditur in 2.2.1. G80 et eius compositis solutions cum HPMC sunt gelaminized per turbantes sub conditionibus 1500psi et CX ° C in autoclave, quia G80 indigena amulum est altum amylum (LXXX%) et eius gelatinificatio temperatus est altior quam C ° C quae non potest esse pervenit per originale aqua, balneum gelatinization modum [CCCXLVIII].

Sicut 2.2.2.1

5.2.2.2 fluxus modus test methodo

Fibulae parallela cum diametro 60 mm adhibebatur, et bractea ad 1 mm lata erat.

1. There is a pre-shear flow test method and a three-stage thixotropy. Sicut 2.2.2.2.
2. Fluunt test modum sine pre-tondendas et Thixotropic Ring Thixotropy. Test temperatus est XXV ° C, A. Tollendo ad augendae celeritate, tondendas rate range 0-1000 s-I, tondentes tempus I min; b. Tonderarii constant, tonsuram rate M s-I, tondentes tempus I min; c. Reducitur celeritate tonderent, ad tondendas range range est 1000-- I et tondenti tempus est I min.

Lamina parallela fixtura cum diametro 60 mm adhibebatur, et bractea ad 1 mm lata erat.

1. Deformatio variabilis verrere. Test temperatus XXV ° C, Frequency I HZ, deformatio 0.01-100%.
2. Temperatus Scan. Frequency 1 Hz, deformation 0.1 %, a. Calefactio processus, temperatus 5-85 ° C, calefactio rate II ° C / min; b. Refrigerant processus, temperatus 85-5 ° C, refrigerationem rate II ° F / min. A Silicone oleum sigillum adhibetur circa sample vitare humorem damnum in temptationem.
3. Frequency verrere. Variation 0.1 %, frequency 1-100 rad/s. V ° C et V ° C et Extremum ducti ° C, respectively, et aequilibrated ad test temperatus ad V min ante testis.

In relatione inter repono modulus G 'et damnum Modulus G' de polymer solutio et angularis frequency ω sequitur a potestate lege:

ubi n′ et n″ sunt devexa log G′-log ω et log G″-log ω, respective;

5.2.3 optical microscopium

5.2.3.1 instrumentum principium

Idem quod 4.2.3.1

5.2.3.2 test modum

The 3% 5:5 HPMC/HPS compound solution was taken out at different temperatures of 25 °C, 45 °C, and 85 °C, dropped on a glass slide kept at the same temperature, and cast into a thin film. Layer solution et exaruit ad idem temperatus. In films sunt maculata cum I% IODUM solution, positus in agro lucis microscopium ad observationis et photographed.

5,3 Results and Discussion

5.3.1.1 fluxus Test modum sine pre-tondendas et Thixotropic Ring Thixotropy

Using the flow test method without pre-shearing and the thixotropic ring thixotropic method, the viscosity of HPMC/HPS compound solution with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution HPS was studied. Eventus es ostensum est in Figura 5-1. It can be seen from the figure that the viscosity of all samples shows a decreasing trend with the increase of shear rate under the action of shear force, showing a certain degree of shear thinning phenomenon. Most high-concentration polymer solutions or melts undergo strong disentanglement and molecular rearrangement under shear, thus exhibiting pseudoplastic fluid behavior [305, 349, 350]. Tamen, tondendis gradus HPMC / HPS compositis solutions of HPS cum diversis hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus sunt diversis.

Non potest esse ex figure, quod viscositas et tondendas extenuantcere gradu de pura HPS Sample sunt altior quam his de HPMC / HPMC solutio, cum tondendas tinctis gradum HPMC solution est infima, maxime quia viscositas HPS, maxime quia in HPMC solution est infima, maxime quia viscosity HPS, maxime quod est in HPMC solution est infima, maxime quia viscositas HPS, maxime quod est in HPMC solution est infima, maxime quia viscosity HPS, maxime quod est de viscosity HPS, maxime quod est de viscosity HPS, maxime quod est in viscosity HPM In humilis temperatus est significantly altior quam HPMC. In addition, pro HPMC / HPS compositis solutio cum eodem compositis Ratio, in viscositas crescit cum HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus. Hoc potest esse quod addition of hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum moleculis erumpit intermolecular hydrogenium vincula et ita ducit ad disintegration amloti granulis. Hydroxypropylation significantly reducitur tincidunt extenuantibus phaenomenon amulum et tondendas scennicam phaenomenon patria amulum erat manifestum. In continua incremento de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradum, tondentes extenuant gradus of HPS paulatim minuatur.

Omnes exempla in Thixotropic anulos in tondendas accentus-twear rate curvae, significans quod omnia exempla habent quaedam gradus of Thixotropy. Et Thixotropic fortitudo repraesentatur per magnitudinem Thixotropic circulum regio. Magis thixotropic in sample [CCCLI]. Et fluunt Index n et viscosity coefficient k de sample solutio potest esse ratione per Ostwald-de Waele potestate lege (videatur aequatio (2-1).)

Tabula 5-1 ostendit fluunt Index n, Viscosity coefficiens K et Thixotropic Orbis Area HPMC / HPS compositis solutions cum diversis gradus hydroxypropyl substitutione tondentes. Non potest videri ex mensa quod influunt index n ex omnibus exempla est minus quam I, significans quod omnia sample solutions sunt pseudoplastic liquida. Nam HPMC / HPS compositis ratio cum idem HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu, fluunt Index N crescit cum incremento de HPMC contentus, significans quod etiam de HPMC facit compositis solutio fortior, quod etiam HPMC est. Tamen, cum incremento HPMC contentus, quod viscositas coefficiens k minuatur continue, significans quod praeter de HPMC reducitur ad viscositatem de compositis solutio, quia viscositas coefficiens K est proportionalem esse viscositas. The n value and K value of pure HPS with different hydroxypropyl substitution degrees in the rising shear stage both decreased with the increase of hydroxypropyl substitution degree, indicating that hydroxypropylation modification can improve the pseudoplasticity of starch and reduce the Viscosity of starch solutions. Sed contra est quod valor nucundi cum incremento substitutionis gradu in decrescentes tondendas scaena, significans quod hydroxypropylation amplio ad newtonian fluidum morum solutionis post summus celeritate tonderet. Et N valorem et K valorem de HPMC / HPS compositis ratio sunt affectus utriusque HPS hydroxypropylation et HPMC, quae sunt propter eorum combined actum. Comparari cum augendae tondentes scaena, in n valores omnium exempla in decrescentes tondentes scaena factus est maior, dum K valores factus minor, significans quod ad viscositas tonderet et in compositis, et reducitur postquam summus celeritate tonderet et Newtonian Liquor mores de compositis solutio fuit aucta. .

In area of ​​Thixotropic Ringrinque decrescebat cum incremento de HPMC contentus, significans quod addition of HPMC reducitur in Thixotropy de compositis solutio et meliorem suum stabilitatem. For the HPMC/HPS compound solution with the same compounding ratio, the area of thixotropic ring decreases with the increase of HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, indicating that hydroxypropylation improves the stability of HPS.

Et tondendas modum cum pre-tondendas usus est ad studere mutationem de Viscosity HPMC / HPS compositis solutio cum diversis gradus hydroxypropyl substitutione HPS cum Shear rate. Eventus es ostensum est in Figura 5-2. Non potest videri ex figura, quod HPMC solution ostendit paene nullo tondendas extenuantibus, dum alia exempla palam tondendas extenuantibus. Hoc consistent cum eventus adeptus est cum tonsione modum sine pre-tonderet. Potest etiam potest ex figure, quod ad humilis tondendas rates, et altus hydroxypropyl substitutum sample exhibet regione regione.

Et nulla-tonde Viscosity (H0), influunt index (n) et viscositas coefficiens (k) adeptus a conveniens sunt in mensa 5-2. Ex mensa, possumus videre quod pura HPS exempla, n valores adeptus ab utroque modi crescat cum gradu substitutioni, significans quod solidum, sicut mores amuli solution decrescit ut gradus substitutionis auget. Cum incremento HPMC contentus, in n values ​​omnes ostendit a deorsum flecte, significans quod HPMC reducitur ad solidae, sicut mores solution. Hoc ostendit quod qualita analysis praecessi duo modi consistent.

Comparing the data obtained for the same sample under different test methods, it is found that the value of n obtained after pre-shearing is always greater than that obtained by the method without pre-shearing, which indicates that the composite system obtained by the pre-shearing method is a solid-like the behavior is lower than that measured by the method without pre-shearing. This is because the final result obtained in the test without pre-shear is actually the result of the combined action of shear rate and shear time, while the test method with pre-shear first eliminates the thixotropic effect by high shear for a certain period of tempus. Unde hoc modo potest verius determinare tondendas scennicamur phaenomenon et influunt characteres de compositis ratio.

De mensa, ut videamus etiam videre quod idem componens ratione (V, V), in N valore de componendi ratio est proxima ad I, et pre-se ostendit quod HPMC est HydroxyProp a continuous phase in the compound system, and HPMC has a stronger effect on starch samples with low hydroxypropyl substitution degree, which is consistent with the result that the n value increases with the increase of substitution degree without pre-shearing on the contrary. The K values of the compound systems with different degrees of substitution in the two methods are similar, and there is no particularly obvious trend, while the zero-shear viscosity shows a clear downward trend, because the zero-shear viscosity is independent of the shear rate. Intrinsic viscositas potest verius reflectunt proprietatibus substantiae se.

In tribus-scaena Thixotropic modum erat usus ad studere effectus de diversis gradus hydroxypropyl substitutione hydroxypropyl amulum in Thixotropic proprietatibus de compositis ratio. It can be seen from Figure 5-3 that in the low shear stage, the solution viscosity decreases with the increase of HPMC content, and decreases with the increase of substitution degree, which is consistent with the law of zero shear viscosity.

In gradu sistensh convaluisset post alium tempus in recuperatio scaena exprimitur per viscosity recuperatio rate DSR et calculo modum ostenditur in 2.3.2. Potest videri ex mensa 5-2 quod in eadem recuperatio tempus, in DSR de pura HPS significantly inferior, quam de pura HPMC, quod est maxime quia HPMC molecule est brevis, et Structuram potest recuperari brevi. recuperandam. Dum HPS flexibile torquem suae relaxationem tempore longum et structuram recuperatio capit diu. Cum incremento substitutionis gradum, in DSR de pura HPS decrescit cum incremento substitutionis gradum, significans hydroxypropylation amplio flexibilitate de amylum mulgeret catena et facit relaxationem tempore HPS iam. Et DSR de compositis solutio est inferior, quam ut de pura HPS et pura HPMC exempla, sed cum incremento in substitutione gradus HPS hydroxypropyl, quod DSR de compositis sample augetur, quod indicat quod est in thixotropy de compositis augetur, quae indicat quod est de compositis ratio augetur, quae indicat quod est de compositis ratio augetur, quod indicat quod est in compositis ratio augetur, quae indicat quod est de compositis ratio crescit, quod indicat quod est in compositis ratio crescit, quod indicat quod est in compositis ratio augetur, quae indicat quod est in compositis ratio augetur, quae indicat quod est de compositis ratio augetur, quod indicat quod est in compositis sample auget, quod indicat quod est de compositis ratio crescit, quod indicat quod est in compositis ratio augetur, quod indicat quod est in compositis ratio augetur, quod indicat quod est de compositis ratio crescit in augmentum HPS hydroxypropyl substitutio. Non decrescit cum crescente gradu radicitus substitutionis, quae est consistent cum praecessi sine pre-tonderet.

Table 5-2 Zero shear viscosity (h0), flow behavior index (n), fluid consistency index (K) during increasing rate and the degree of structure recovery (DSR) after a certain recover time for the HPS/HPMC solution with different hydropropyl XXV ° C in substitutione HPS

In summary, in stabilis-statum test sine pre-tonsione et thixotropic circulum thixotropy test potest qualitatem analyze exempla cum magna perficientur differentias, sed pro componit cum diversis Hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus cum parva perficientur differentias results ex solutione sunt contrahitiones et results of results of results of a parvis perficientur differentias results of results de solution sunt contrahere In realis praecessi, quia mensura data sunt comprehensive eventus influentiam tondendas rate et tondendas tempus, et non vere reflectunt ad influentiam unum variabilis.

It is well known that for hydrogels, the storage modulus G′ is determined by the hardness, strength and number of the effective molecular chains, and the loss modulus G′′ is determined by the migration, motion and friction of small molecules and functional groups . Est determinari per frictional industria consummatio ut tremor et gyrationis. Signum intersection of repono modulo G 'et damnum Modulus G "(id. Tan δ = I). Transitus a solutio ad Gel dicitur Gel punctum. The storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ are often used to study the gelation behavior, the formation rate and structural properties of the gel network structure [352]. Et potest etiam reflectunt internum structuram progressionem et mulgetam structuram in formatione gel network structuram. Commercio [CCCLIII].

Figure 5-4 shows the strain sweep curves of HPMC/HPS compound solutions with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution HPS at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain range of 0.01%-100%. It can be seen from the figure that in the lower deformation area (0.01–1%), all samples except HPMC are G′ > G″, showing a gel state. Nam HPMC, G 'est in tota figura variabilis range semper minus g' significans quod HPMC in solutione statu. Praeterea, deformatio dependentia de viscoelaalasticity diversis exempla differt. For the G80 sample, the frequency dependence of viscoelasticity is more obvious: when the deformation is greater than 0.3%, it can be seen that G' gradually decreases, accompanied by a significant increase in G”. increase, as well as a significant increase in tan δ; and intersect when the deformation amount is 1.7%, which indicates that the gel network structure of G80 is severely damaged after the deformation amount exceeds 1.7%, and it is in a solution state.

Fig. 5-5 Tan δ vs. iactabantur in HPMC / HPS Miscetis solution cum diversis hydropropyl substitutione gradus HPS

Non potest esse ex figure ut linearibus viscoelastic regione pura HPS est manifesto angustiae cum decrementum hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus. In aliis verbis, sicut Hydroxypropyl gradu substitutionis auget, significant mutationes in tan δ curva tendunt in superiore deformatio moles. In particulari, in linearibus viscoelastic regione G80 est angustior omnium exempla. Ideo in linearibus Vindelastic regione G80 est ad determinare

Criteria ad determinandum valorem de deformatio variabilis in sequentibus seriem probat. For the HPMC/HPS compound system with the same compounding ratio, the linear viscoelastic region also narrows with the decrease of the hydroxypropyl substitution degree of HPS, but the shrinking effect of the hydroxypropyl substitution degree on the linear viscoelastic region is not so obvious.

5.3.3 viCoelastic proprietatibus durante calefactio et refrigerationem

The dynamic viscoelastic properties of HPMC/HPS compound solutions of HPS with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution are shown in Figure 5-6. As can be seen from the figure, HPMC exhibits four stages during the heating process: an initial plateau region, two structure-forming stages, and a final plateau region. In the initial plateau stage, G′ < G″, the values of G′ and G″ are small, and tend to decrease slightly with the increase of temperature, showing the common liquid viscoelastic behavior. The thermal gelation of HPMC has two distinct stages of structure formation bounded by the intersection of G′ and G″ (that is, the solution-gel transition point, around 49 °C), which is consistent with previous reports. Consistent [CLX, CCCLIV]. Temperature, ex Hydrophobic Association et Hydrophilic Association, HPMC paulatim format crucem-network structuram [CCCXLIV, CCCLV, CCCLVI]. In Plateau regione cauda, ​​in valoribus G, et G 'sunt altum, quod indicat quod HPMC gel network structuram est plene formatus.

Quattuor gradus HPMC apparent sequentialiter in vicissim ut temperatus decrescit. Quod intersectio G, et G "vices ad humilis temperatus regionem ad circiter XXXII ° C durante frigidior scaena, quod potest esse debitum ad hysteresis [CCVIII temperatus [CCCLV]. Similis HPMC, aliae exempla in calefactio processus sunt etiam quatuor et in reversible Phaenomenon occurs in refrigerationem processus. Tamen, quod potest esse videatur a Figura quod G80 et A939 ostende a simplicior processus nihil intersectio inter G, et G "et curva G80 non etiam appareat. Platform area tergo.

Nam pura HPS, in altiorem gradum hydroxypropyl substitutione potest subcinctus initial et ultima temperaturis gel formationis, praesertim initial temperatus, quod est LXI ° C ad G80, A1081 et A1081, respective. , LXII ° C et LIV ° C. Praeterea, pro HPMC / HPS exempla cum eodem componendo ratio, ut gradus substitutionis crescit, valores g 'et G' et tendunt ad minui, quod est ad eventus previous studiis [CCCLVII, CCCLVIII]. Sicut gradus substitutionis crescit, in textura gel erit mollis. Ideo hydroxypropylation frangit iussit structuram de patria amulum et amplio eius hydrophilicity [CCCXLIII].

For the HPMC/HPS compound samples, both G′ and G″ decreased with the increase of the HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, which was consistent with the results of pure HPS. Praeterea, cum addition of HPMC, substitutionem gradum habebat significant effectus in G 'quod effectus G "minus declaretur.

Viscoeelastic curvas omnium HPMC / HPS compositum exempla ostendit eadem trend, quod corresponderet HPMC temperatus et HPMC ad altum temperatus. In aliis verbis, ad humilis temperatus, HPS dominatur in viscoelastic proprietatibus componitur ratio, cum ad altum temperatus HPMC decernit viscoelastic proprietatibus componitur ratio. Hoc eventus est maxime attribuitur HPMC. In particulari, HPS est a frigus gel, quod mutat ex gel statum ad solutionem statum cum succenderit; Sed HPMC est calidum gel, quod paulatim format gel cum augendae temperatus network structuram. Nam HPMC / HPS compositis ratio, ad humilis temperatus, in gel proprietatibus de compositis ratio sunt maxime operam per HPS frigus gel et ad altum caliditas, in calidum temperaturis, in in altum temperaturas in compositis.

Fig. 5-6 repono modulus (G '), damnum modulus (G') et Tan δ vs. Temperature HPMC Miscetis Solly

Modulus de HPMC / HPS compositum ratio, quod expectata est inter Moduli de pura HPMC et pura HPS. Sed et complexu system exhibet g '> g' in tota temperatus scanning range, quod indicat ut tam HPMC et HPS potest formare intermolecular hydrogenii cum aqua moleculis, et quoque formare intermolecular hydrogenibus cum invicem. In addition, in damnum factor curvam, omnes complexu systems habent tan δ apicem circiter XLV ° C, significans quod continua tempus transitus inciderunt in complexu ratio. Hoc tempus transitus in altera 5.3.6. Continue disputationem.

5.3.4 effectus temperatus in compositis viscosity

Intelligendo effectum temperatus in rhematicis proprietatibus materiae est momenti propter amplis temperaturis, quod potest fieri per dispensando et repono [CCCLIX, CCCLX]. In range of V ° C - LXXXV ° C, in modum temperatus in complexu viscosity HPMC / HPS compositis solutions cum diversis gradus hydroxypropyl substitutione HPS ostensum est in figura 5-7. Ex figure 5-7 (a), quod potest esse videatur quod complexu viscositas pura HPS decrescit significantly cum augmentum temperatus; Viscositas pura HPMC decrescit paulo ex initial ad XLV ° C cum incremento temperatus. emendare.

The viscosity curves of all compound samples showed similar trends with temperature, first decreasing with increasing temperature and then increasing with increasing temperature. Praeterea, in viscositas composita exempla est propius ad quod de HPMC temperatus et propius ad HPMC ad altum temperatus. This result is also related to the peculiar gelation behavior of both HPMC and HPS. The viscosity curve of the compounded sample showed a rapid transition at 45 °C, probably due to a phase transition in the HPMC/HPS compounded system. However, it is worth noting that the viscosity of the G80/HPMC 5:5 compound sample at high temperature is higher than that of pure HPMC, which is mainly due to the higher intrinsic viscosity of G80 at high temperature [361]. Under the same compounding ratio, the compound viscosity of the compounding system decreases with the increase of the HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Therefore, the introduction of hydroxypropyl groups into starch molecules may lead to the breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in starch molecules.

Fig. 5-7 Complex Viscositas vs. Temperature HPS / HPMC mixtionis cum diversis Hydroypropyl substitutione gradum HPS

A est assidue, PA s;

Aptavit secundum formulam (5-3), in viscosity, temperatus curvae de compositis ratio potest dividitur in duas partes secundum tan δ apicem a XLV ° C; Et compositis ratio ad V ° F - XLV ° C et XLV ° F - LXXXV ° Valores activation Energy E et constant adeptus in range de C ostenditur in mensa 5-3. In ratione valores de activation Energy E es inter -174 KJ · Mol-I et CXXIV KJ · Mol-I et values ​​constant a inter 6.24 × 10-11 PA · s et 1,99 × MXXVIII p. Intra decet range, aptavit correlae coefficientes altius (R2 = 0,9071 -0.9892) nisi ad G80 / HPMC Sample. Et G80 / HPMC sample habet inferioribus correlationem coefficientem (R2 = 0,4435) in temperatus range of XLV ° F - LXXXV ° C, quod potest esse ex inhaerentia comparari aliis HPS Crystallization CCCLXII]. Hanc proprietatem G80 facit illud magis verisimile formare non-homogeneana componit cum composita cum HPMC.

In temperatus range of V ° F - XLV ° C, E valorem de HPMC / HPS COMPOSITICIA est leviter inferior quam de pura HPMC, quod sit ex commercio inter HPMC et HPMC. Reducere temperatus dependentia viscositas. E valorem de pura HPMC est altior quam de aliis exempla. In activation vires omnes amulum, quibus exempla sunt humilis positivum valores, significans quod ad inferiora temperaturis, decrementa in viscosity cum temperatus erat minus pronuntiavit et formulae exhibuerit amulum, sicut texture.

Tabula 5-3 Arrhenius aequatione parametri (E: activation industria; A: constant, r II: determinationem coefficientem) ex EQ. (I) Hydroxypropylation Hypmc

Tamen in superiore temperatus range of XLV ° F - LXXXV ° C, E valorem mutavit qualitatem inter pura HPMC / HPSS composita exempla, et E valorem pura HPSS erat 45.6 · Mol-I - in range CXXIV KJ · MOL, I, E values ​​de complexorum sunt in range of -3.77 KJ · Mol-1- -72.2 KJ · MOL-I. Haec mutatio monstrat fortis effectus HPMC in activation industria de complexu ratio, ut E valorem de pura HPMC est -174 KJ MOL-I. E values ​​puri HPMC et composita ratio sunt negans, quod indicat quod ad superiora temperaturis, in viscositas crescit cum augendae temperatus, et compositis exhibet HPMC, sicut mores textura.

Pura HPMCS exhibet patet frequency dependentia ut difficile ad in pura HPS exemplaria. Ut expectata, in HPMC / HPS complexu system exhibuit quaedam gradus frequency dependentia. Nam omnes HPS, quibus exempla, n 'est semper inferior quam n ", et g' exhibet fortior frequency quam G ', significans quod haec exempla sunt plures elastica, quam viscosis [CCCLIX, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII]. Ideo in perficientur compositum exemplaria maxime determinari per HPS, quod maxime quia HPMC munera inferiore viscositas solutio status humilis temperatus.

Tabula 5-4 n, n ", G0, et G0" pro HPMC / HPMC cum diversis hydropropyl substitutione gradum HPMC ad V ° C ut constituta a EQs. (5-1) et (5-2)

Pura HPMCS exhibet patet frequency dependentia ut difficile ad in pura HPS exemplaria. Ut expectata ad HPMC / HPS complexu, quod Ligand system system exhibuit quaedam gradus frequency dependentia. Nam omnes HPS, quibus exempla, n 'est semper inferior quam n ", et g' exhibet fortior frequency quam G ', significans quod haec exempla sunt plures elastica, quam viscosis [CCCLIX, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII [CCCLII, CCCLIX, CCCLXIII]. Ideo in perficientur compositum exemplaria maxime determinari per HPS, quod maxime quia HPMC munera inferiore viscositas solutio status humilis temperatus.

Figuras 5-9 ostende frequency verrunt curvas HPMC / HPS compositis solutions of HPS cum diversis gradibus hydroxypropyl substitutione ad LXXXV ° C. Sicut potest videri a figura, omnes aliae HPS exemplaria nisi A1081 exhibet typicam solidum, sicut morum. Nam A1081, valores G 'et G' sunt valde propinquus, et G 'paulo minor quam G' quod indicat A1081 gerit quasi fluidum.

Hoc potest esse quod a1081 est frigus gel et subit gel-ut-solution transitus ad altum temperatus. In alia manu, quia exempla cum eodem componendo ratione, in valoribus n ', n ", G0, et G0" (mensa 5-5) omnes minuatur cum incremento hydroxypropylast in solid- in solid- Sicut morum amulum ad altum temperatus (LXXXV ° C). In particulari, in n, et n "de G80 sunt proxima ad 0, showing solidum, sicut morum; In Contra, in n, et n "valores a1081 sunt proxima ad I, showing fortis fluidum moribus. Hi n, et n "valores consistent cum data G, et G." Praeterea, quod potest videri ex figuras 5-9, in gradu hydroxypropyl substitutione potest significantly amplio frequency dependentia de HPS temperatus.

Figuras 5-9 ostende quod HPMC exhibits typicam solidum, sicut morum (G '> g') ad LXXXV ° C, qui maxime attribuitur ad sua thermogel proprietatibus. Insuper et G 'et G' de HPMC variantur cum frequency incrementum non mutare multa, significans quod non habet patet frequency dependentia.

Nam HPMC / HPS compositis ratio, in valoribus n, et n "sunt tam prope ad 0 et G0 'est significantly altior quam G0 (mensam" 5-5) confirmans solidum, sicut mores. In alia manu, altior hydroxypropyl substitutione potest subcinctus HPS ex solidum, sicut liquido-ut mores, quod non contingat in composito solutions. In addition, pro compositis ratio addidit HPMC, cum incremento frequency, tum g 'et g' remansit relative firmum, et valores n et n "et in illis HPMC. Omnes hi results suadeant quod HPMC dominetur in Viscoelasticity componitur ratio ad altum temperatus de LXXXV ° c.

Tabula 5-5 n, n ", G0, et G0" pro HPMC / HPMC cum diversis hydropropyl substitutione HPMC ad LXXXV ° C quod determinari a EQs. (5-1) et (5-2)

Et Phase transitus HPMC / HPS compositis ratio studied per IODUM PERFLICING OPTIMUS microscopium. Et HPMC / HPS compositis ratio cum a compositis Ratio V: V probata XXV ° C, XLV ° C et LXXXV ° C. In maculata lucem microscopium imagines infra sunt ostensum est in figuras 5-10. Non potest videri ex figure, quod post Tydeum cum Iodum, in HPS Phase dari in obscurior color et HPMC Phase ostendit levius color, quia non potest tincidunt per IODUM. Unde duo Augmenta HPMC / HPS potest esse distinguuntur. In altioribus temperaturis, in area tenebris regionum (HPS phase) crescit et area clara regiones (HPMC tempus) decrescit. In particulari, ad XXV ° C, HPMC (splendida color) est continua tempus in HPMC / HPS System et parva sphaericis phase (tenebris colore) is dispersit in HPMC continua tempus. Sed contra LXXXV ° C, HPMC factus est valde parvum et irregulariter informibus dispersit Phase dispersit in HPS continua tempus.

Cum augmentum temperatus, ibi erit transitus punctum punctum in Phase Insecta de continua tempus ex HPMC ad HPMC / HPS compositis ratio. In doctrina, si fieri cum viscositas HPMC et HPS eadem vel simillima. Sicut potest videri a XLV ° C Micrographs in figuras 5-10, quod typical "mare-Island" Phase Diagram non apparent, sed co-continua tempus servetur. Hoc quoque observationis confirmat quod per tempus transitus continuum tempus ut occurrit in tan δ apicem in dissipationem factor-temperatus curvae de quibus in 5.3.3.

Potest etiam constare potest ex figure, quod ad humilis temperatus (XXV ° F), quidam partes in tenebris HPS dispersit Phase ostende quaedam gradus splendida color, quod potest esse quod pars HPMC tempus existit in HPS forma dispersit tempus. medii. Coincidentally, ad altum temperatus (LXXXV ° F), quidam parva tenebras particulas distribuuntur in splendida HPMC dispersit Phase et hi parva tenebris particulas sunt continua Phase Has. Haec observationes suadeant quod quaedam gradus Mesophase existit in HPMC-HPS compositis ratio, ita etiam significans quod HPMC habet quaedam compatibility cum HPS.

5.3.7 schematic diagram tempus transitus HPMC / HPS compositis ratio

Ex Classical Atlas Mores Polymer Solutions et compositum gel puncta [CCXVI, CCXXXII] et comparationem ad complexiones de quibus in charta, a principle et in compositionis transmutatio de HPMC / HPS complexa cum temperatus est propositus, ut ostensum est in Fig . 5-11.

Fig. 5-11 schematic structurae sol-gel transitus HPMC (a); HPS (b); et HPMC / HPS (C)

Et gel mores HPMC et eiusdem solution-gel transitus mechanism sunt studied multum [CLIX, CLX, CCVII, CCVIII]. Unus de late accepit ones est quod HPMC vincula existit in solutione in forma aggregatur bundles. Hae botri sunt internonnected per involuti sunt quidam unsubstituted vel parce solutum cellulosis structurae, et connexa ad dense substitutis regionibus per Hydrophobic aggregatio Methyl coetibus et hydroxyl coetus. In humilis temperatus aqua moleculis formam caveam, sicut structuris foris methyl hydrophobic coetibus et aqua crusta structuris extra hydrophilic coetibus ut hydroxyl coetus, ne hpmc ex formatam hydrogenii vincula in humilis temperaturis. Sicut temperatus augetur, HPMC absorbet industria et aquae caveam et aquam crusta structurae franguntur, quod est Kinetics solution gel transitus. Et rumpitur a aqua cavea et aquam testa exponit in methyl et hydroxypropyl coetus ad aqueum environment, unde in a significant incremento libera volumine. In altior temperatus, ex Hydrophobic Association of Hydrophobic coetibus et hydrophilic consociatio hydrophilic coetibus, tres dimensional network structuram de gel est tandem formatus, ut ostensum est in Figura 5-11 (a).

Post amulum gelatinization, amyleis dissolvit a amylo granulis formare cavae una huic structuram, quae continue vulnere et tandem munera statum temere. Hoc unum-helix structuram format hydrophobic cavum in intus et hydrophilic superficiem in foras. Hoc densa stricture amulum affectibus cum meliore stabilitate [230-232]. Ideo HPS est in forma variabilis temere et quaedam extenta helical in aqueum solutio ad altum temperatus. Sicut temperatus decrescit, et hydrogenii vincula inter HPS et aqua moleculis franguntur et tenetur aquam amisit. Denique tres dimensiva network structuram formatur ex formatione hydrogenii vincula inter mocaculares vincula et gel formatur, ut ostensum est in Figura 5-11 (b).

Solet duo components diversis Viscosities composita, princeps viscositas pars tendit formare dispersit Phase et dispersit in continua tempus humilitatem viscosity component. In humilis temperaturis, in viscositas HPMC est significantly inferior quam HPS. Ideo HPMC format continuum tempus ambiente summus viscositas HPS Gel tempus. In marginibus duorum gradus, et hydroxyl coetus in HPMC vincula perdere partem tenetur aqua et forma intermolecular hydrogenii vincula cum HPS Molecular vincula. Per calefacere processus, in HPS Molecular vincula movetur ex absorbendo satis industria et formatae hydrogenii vincula cum aqua moleculis, unde in rumpatur de gel structure. Simul aquarum caveam structuram et aquarum crusta structuram in HPMC torquem destrui et paulatim rupta ad exponere hydrophilic coetibus et hydrophobic clusters. At high temperature, HPMC forms a gel network structure due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic association, and thus becomes a high-viscosity dispersed phase dispersed in the HPS continuous phase of random coils, as shown in Figure 5-11(c). Itaque HPMC dominatur Rheological proprietates Gel proprietates et tempus morphologiam compositum gels humilis et alta temperaturis, respective.

Introductio de hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum moleculis erumpit suum internum iussit intramolecular hydrogenii vinculum structuram, ut gelatinized amylose moleculis in tumidus et extenta statum, quae auget tendentia hydratration volumine et inhibits tendentia tendentia moleculis et inhibit Aqueum solutio [CCCLXII]. Ideo et hydroxypyly et hydrophilic proprietatibus hydroxypropyl et recombination amylose vincula et formatio crucis-vinculum regiones difficile [CCXXXIII]. Ideo cum decrescunt temperatus, comparari patria amulum, HPS tendit ad formare et mollior et mollior gel network structuram.

With the increase of the hydroxypropyl substitution degree, there are more stretched helical fragments in the HPS solution, which can form more intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the HPMC molecular chain at the boundary of the two phases, thus forming a more uniform structure. Praeterea, hydroxypropylation reducit viscositas amuli, quod reducit viscositas differentia inter HPMC et HPS in formula. Ideo in phase transitus punctum in HPMC / HPS complexu ratio vices ad humilis temperatus cum augmentum HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu. Hoc potest confirmari per abrupta mutatio in viscositas cum temperatus ad reconstitited samples in 5.3.4.

In hoc capite, HPMC / HPS compositis solutions cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus parati, et effectus de HPS Hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus in rheologis et gel proprietatibus in HPMC Ratio est per Rheometer. Et phase distribution of HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum gel compositum ratio est studied per Iodum macillandam optical microscopium analysis. Pelagus Inventiones sunt ut sequitur:

1. In locus temperatus, in viscititas et tondendas extenuantibus HPMC / HPS compositis solutio minuatur cum incremento Hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus. Hoc est maxime quod introductio hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum moleculo destruit intramolecular hydrogenii vinculum structura et amplio hydrophilicity amulum.
2. In locus temperatus, in nulla-tonde viscositas H0, influunt Index n: et Viscosity coefficiens K de HPMC / HPMC compositis solutions sunt affectus utriusque HPMC et hydroxypropylation. Cum incremento de HPMC contentus, in nulla tondebis viscositas H0 decrescit, influunt Index n crescit, et viscositas coefficiens k minutos; Et nullus tonde viscositas H0, influunt Index n et viscositas coefficiens k de pura HPS omnes crescere cum hydroxyl cum incremento de gradu de propyl substitutione, fit minor; Sed pro compositis ratio, in nullus tondere viscositas H0 decrescit cum incremento gradum substitutionis, dum influunt index n et viscositas constans K auget cum incremento gradum substitutionem.
3. Et tonderet modum cum pre-tonderet et tres-scaena thixotropy potest verius reflectunt in viscosity, fluxus proprietatibus et thixotropy de compositis solutio.
4. In linearibus viCoelastic regione HPMC / HPS compositis Ratio Narrows cum decrementum de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus HPS.
5. In hoc frigus-calidum Gel compositis ratio, HPMC et HPS potest formare continui augmenta ad humilis et altum temperaturis, respective. Hoc phase structuram mutatio potest significantly afficiunt complexu viscositas, vlcoelastic proprietatibus, frequency dependentia et gel proprietatibus complexu gel.
6. Ut dispersit augmenta, HPMC et HPS potest determinare rhematicis proprietatibus et gel proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositis systems ad altum et humilis temperaturis, respective. Viscoeelastic curvas HPMC / HPS compositum exemplaria consentaneum ad humilis temperatus et HPMC ad altum temperatus.
7. Et alia gradus eget modificatio amulum structura quoque quoque significant effectus in gel proprietatibus. Eventus ostendere quod complexu viscositas, repono modulus, et damnum modulus omnes diminutio cum incremento HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu. Igitur hydroxypropylation indigena amulum potest perturbare suum iussit structuram et auget hydrophilicity amulum, unde in mollis gel textura.
8. Hydroxypropylation potest reducere solidum, sicut morum amulum solutiones ad humilis temperatus et liquidum, ut mores ad altum temperatus. Ad humilis temperatus, valores n, et n "factus est maior cum incremento HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu; In altum temperatus, n, et n "valores factus minor cum incremento HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus.
9. Et necessitudinem inter microstructure, rheologis proprietatibus et gel proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositum ratio fuit statutum. Tumque abrupta mutatio in Viscosity curva composita ratio et tan δ apicem in damnum factor curvae apparent a XLV ° C, quae consistit cum co-continua tempus phaenomenon in micrograph (a XLV ° C).

In summary, in HPMC / HPS frigus-calidum gel compositum systematis exhibet specialis temperatus-regit tempus morphologia et proprietatibus. Per variis eget modifications amulum et Cellulose, HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum Gel compositis ratio potest adhiberi ad development et applicationem of altus-valorem dolor materiae.

CAPUT VI Effectus HPS substitutio gradus in proprietatibus et ratio compatibility HPMC / HPS composita membranes

Potest videri potest de CAPUT V, quod mutatio de eget structuram components in compositis ratio determinat differentia in rhematicis proprietatibus, gel proprietatibus et alia dispensando proprietatibus de compositis ratio. Altiore perficientur habet a significant ictum.

Hoc CAPUT Focuses in potentia de eget structuram de components in microstructure et macroscopic proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositum membranam. Combined cum potentia de CAPUT V De proprietatibus compositis ratio, in proprietatibus HPMC / HPS composita ratio sunt stabilitate relatione inter film proprietatibus.

6,1 materiae et apparatu

6.1.1 principalis experimentalem materiae

6.1.2 Pelagus instrumenta et apparatu

6.2.1 Praeparatio HPMC/HPS membranis compositis cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

Tota concentratio compositi solutionis est 8% (w/w), ratio composita HPMC/HPS est 10:0, 5:5, 0:10, plasticizer est 2.4% (w/w) polyethylene glycol, esculenta. compositio cinematographica HPMC/HPS mittendo methodum parata est. For the specific preparation method, see 3.2.1.

6.2.2 Microdomain structurae HPMC/HPS membranulae compositae cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

6.2.2.1 Principium microstructurae analysis synchrotronis radialis parvi anguli X-radii dispergendi

Small Angel X-ray Dispergens (SAXS) refertur ad phaenomenon sparsum per radius X radians specimen sub experimento radians intra angulum parvum prope trabis X-radii. Ex Nanoscale Electron density difference inter spargere et in circuitu medium, parva-angulus x-ray spargens est communiter in studio solidum, colloidal, et liquida polymer materiae in Nanoscale range. Comparata cum diffractione technologiae late-anguli X-radii, SAXS informationes structurarum ampliori modo consequi potest, quae adhiberi potest ad analysem conformationem catenarum polymeris hypotheticae, structurae diuturnae et periodi structurae et phase distributio systematum complexorum polymerorum. . Synchrotron X-Ray lux Source est novum genus summus perficientur lucem fons, quae habet commoda princeps puritatis, princeps polarization, angustus pulsum, excelsum claritas structural notitia de materia magis cito et accuratius. SAXS spectrum substantiae mensuratae examinans, densitatem nubis electronici uniformitatem qualitative consequi potest, uniformitatem densitatis nubis electronici unius phase (deviationis positivae a Porod vel Debye theoremate), et claritatem duorum interfacii (negativae declinationis a Porod. aut Debye est Theorema). ) dispersor auto-similitudo (sive notas fractales habet), dispersor dispersio (monodispersitas seu polydispersitas a Guiniero determinata) et aliae informationes, ac dispersor dimensionis fractalis, gyrationis radius, et media iacuit iterationis unitates etiam quantitative obtineri possunt. Crassitudo, magnitudo mediocris, fractio voluminis dispersoris, superficiei specifica et alios ambitus.

In Australia Synchrotron Radialis centrum (Clayton, Victoria, Australia), mundi progressu tertia-generation synchrotron radialis fonte (fluxus M13 photons / s, unam microin 1,47 å et aliarum ad determinare, domain et alias in domain structuram et alias in composito film. Duo-dimensiva dispersio exemplar probetur sample erat collecta per Pilatus 1m detector (CLXIX × CLXXII μm, CLXXII × CLXXII μm magnitudine <Q <0.15 å-I ( Q est spargens vector) interiorem unum-dimensiva parva-angulus x-ray spargens curvam adeptus a duo dimensional spargens exemplar per dispersio software, et dispersio vector Q et sparsi II sunt, et spargens per formulam I / Ubi est X-ray. Data pre-normalized ante notitia analysis.

6.2.3 Analysis thermogravimetrica ex HPMC/HPS membranis compositis cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

6.2.4 Proprietates distrahentes HPMC/HPS compositae membranae cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

6.2.4.1 principle tensile proprietas analysis

Vexillo ISO37 utens, secetur in splines dumbbell informibus cum tota longitudine 35mm, distantia inter lineas 12mm notatas et latitudinem 2mm. Omnia specimina experimenta aequilibrata sunt ad humiditatem 75% plus quam 3 d.

6.2.5 Oxygeni permeabilitas HPMC/HPS membranulae compositae cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

6.2.5.1 Principium permeabilitatis oxygenii analysis

6.2.5.2 test methodo

6.3.1 Analysis Crystal structurae HPMC/HPS compositae membranae cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

Figura 6-1 ostendit parva angulus X-ray spargere Spectra de HPMC / HPS composite films cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione. Non potest videri ex figure in relative magna-scale range of Q> 0,3 a (2Θ> XL), obvious proprietatem apta apparent in omni membrana exempla. Ex X-ray spargens exemplar de pura pars film (Fig. 6-1a), pura HPMC habet fortis X-ray spargere proprietatem apicem ad 0.569 å, indicans quod HPMC habet X-Ray spargens Pecco in late, in lato-ray X-ray in apicem, quod HPMC habet X-ray spargens apicem in lateque-ray in late, in lato-ray X-ray, indicans quod HPMC habet X-Ray spargens apicem, quod HPMC habet X-Ray spargens Pecco in late, in lato-angulo Regionem de 7.70 (2Θ> L). Crystalli ratio pila, significans quod HPMC est quaedam crystallina structuram hic. Et pura A939 et A1081 amulum film samples exhibet distincta X ray spargens apicem ad 0.397 Å, significans quod HPS est a crystallina proprietatem apicem in late angulo regione 5.30, qui correspondet ad b, genus crystallino apicem amulum. Non potest evidenter videtur a figura, quod A939 cum humilis hydroxypropyl substitutione habet maius apicem area quam A1081 cum altum substitutionis. Hoc est maxime quod introductio hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum mulgere torquem frangit originale iussit strachs mulgere moleculis, crescit difficultatem de reaectus et crucem-vinculum inter amulum metus et reduces gradum amulum recrystallization. Cum incremento substitutionis gradus hydroxypropyl coetus, inhibitory effectus hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum recrystallization est manifestum.

Potest videri ex parva-angle X-ray spargendae Spectra de compositum exemplaria (Fig. 6-1b), quod HPMC-HPMC films omnia ostendit patet propria ad 0.569 A-0.397 å, correspondentes ad 7.70 HPMC characteristic peaks, respectively. The peak area of HPS crystallization of HPMC/A939 composite film is significantly larger than that of HPMC/A1081 composite film. Et reargement est supprimitur, quod est cum variatione HPS Cryallalization apicem area cum gradu hydroxypropyl substitutione in pura pars films. The crystalline peak area corresponding to HPMC at 7.70 for the composite membranes with different degrees of HPS hydroxypropyl substitution did not change much. Compared with the spectrum of pure component samples (Fig. 5-1a), the areas of HPMC crystallization peaks and HPS crystallization peaks of the composite samples decreased, which indicated that through the combination of the two, both HPMC and HPS could be effective for et alius coetus. Et recrystallization phaenomenon de film separationem materia ludit quaedam inhibitory munus.

P. 6-1 SAXS Spectra de HPMC / HPS Miscender Missa cum variis hydroxypropyl substitutione gradum HPS

In fine, augmentum substitutionis gradus hydroxypropyl HPS et compositio duorum partium recrystallizationem phaenomeni HPMC/HPS compositam quodammodo inhibere potest. Augmentum hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradus HPS maxime inhibuit recrystallizationem HPS in membranula composita, cum duo compositi compositi quandam inhibendi partem in recrystallizatione HPS et HPMC in membrana composita egerint.

6.3.2 Analysis structurae propriae similis fractalis ex HPMC/HPS membranis compositis cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

Mediocris catena longitudinis (R) polysaccharidis moleculis ut amyli moleculis et moleculis cellulosis est in latitudine 1000-1500 um, et q in latitudine 0.01-0.1 Å-1, cum qR >> 1. Secundum Formulae porodorum, exempla cinematographica polysaccharida videri possunt. Relatio inter parvum angulum X-radii intensio spargens et angulus dispersus est:

Inter hoc ego(q) sum angulus parvus X radius intensio dispersus;

Q est sparsi angulus;

Porod fastigium α ad structuram fractalem refertur. Si α <3, indicat structuram materialem esse remissam, superficies dispersoris levis est et massa fracta est, et fracta dimensio eius D = α; si 3 < α <4, indicat structuram materialem densam esse et dispersorem esse superficiem asperam, quae superficies fracta est, et eius dimensio fracta D = 6 — α.

Figura 6-2 indicat lnI(q)-lnq insidias HPMC/HPS compositarum membranarum cum diversis gradibus substitutionis hydroxypropyl HPS. Ex figura videri potest omnia exemplaria structuram sibi similem fractalem intra certum ambitum exhibere, et porod fastigium α minus quam 3, significans cinematographicum compositum molem fractalem exhibere, et superficies cinematographici compositi respective esse. lenis. Massa dimensiones fractales de HPMC/HPS membranis compositae cum diversis gradibus substitutionis hydroxypropyl HPS in Tabula 6-1.

Tabula 6-1 ostendit fractalem dimensionem membranarum HPMC/HPS compositarum cum diversis gradibus substitutionis hydroxypropyl HPS. Ex tabula videri potest quod in exemplaribus puris HPS, dimensio fractalis hydroxypropyl A939 cum humili substituto multo altior est quam hydroxypropyl substituti A1081, quod indicat cum incremento gradus substitutionis hydroxypropyl in membrana. Densitas structurae sui-similis signanter reducitur. Haec causa est, quia introductio circulorum hydroxypropyl in amylo ligamento hypothetico signanter impedit mutuam compagem segmentorum HPS, inde in diminutione densitatis sui similis structurae in cinematographico. Hydrophilicum hydroxypropyl circulos formare possunt vincula hydrogenii intermolecular cum moleculis aquarum, commercium inter segmenta hypothetica reducendo; larger hydroxypropyl groups limit the recombination and cross-linking between starch molecular segments, so with the increasing degree of hydroxypropyl substitution, HPS forms a more loose self-similar structure.

Nam HPMC / A939 compositis ratio, fractal dimensionem HPS est altior quam HPMC, quod est quia amulum recrystallizes, et magis iussi structuram formatur inter mocios vincula, quae ducit ad sui similiter structuram in membranam, quae ducit ad sui similiter structuram in membranam, quae ducit ad sui similiter structuram, quae ducit ad compages in membranam, quae ducit ad sui similiter structuram, quae ducit ad sui similia structuram, quae ducit ad compages in membranam, quae ducit ad sui similiter structuram in membranam, quae ducit ad sui similiter structuram, quae ducit ad compages inter metus, quae ducit ad compages in membrana, quae ducit ad se, quod est in Membranae . Princeps density. Fractalis dimensionem de compositis sample est inferior, quam ut ex duobus pura components, quia per compositionem, mutua binding de mocecular segmentis ex duobus components impeditur ab invicem, unde in densitate sui similiter structurae decrescit. In Contra in HPMC / A1081 compositis ratio, fractal dimensionem HPS multo minus quam HPMC. Hoc est quod introductio hydroxypropyl coetibus in amulum moleculis significantly inhibits ad recrystallization amulum. Et sui similis structuram in lignum est, solutam. In eodem tempore, fractal dimensionem HPMC / A1081 compositis sample est altior quam de pura HPS, quod etiam significantly diversis ab HPMC / A939 compositis ratio. Auto-similis structuram, in catena, sicut HPMC moleculis potest intrare in cavum de eius solutam structuram, ita improving densitatem de se-similis structura, quod etiam indicat magis uniformis cum hydroxyprop cum HPMC. Ingredientia. Ex notitia de rebus proprietatibus, quod potest esse videtur quod hydroxypropylation potest reducere viscositas amulum, ita in componendo processus, in viscosity differentia inter duo components in componendo ratio reducitur, quae est ad formationem in homogenei compositum.

Fig. 6-2 lnI(q)-lnq exemplaria et ejus curvae aptae pro HPMC/HPS mixtura membrana cum variis hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradu HPS

Tabula 6-1 parametri Fractalis structurae HPS/HPMC mixtio membranae cum variis hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradu HPS

For the composite membranes with the same compounding ratio, the fractal dimension also decreases with the increase of the substitution degree of hydroxypropyl group. The introduction of hydroxypropyl into the HPS molecule can reduce the mutual bonding of polymer segments in the compound system, thereby reducing the density of the composite membrane; HPS cum princeps hydroxypropyl substitutione habet melius compatibility cum HPMC, facillimus ad formare uniformis et densa compositis. Densitas ergo structurae similis in membranula composita decrescit cum augmento substitutionis gradus HPS, qui oritur ex influxu iuncturae substitutionis gradus hydroxypropyl HPS et compatibilitas duorum membrorum in composito. ratio.

6.3.3 Analysis stabilitatis thermalis HPMC/HPS compositae membranae cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

Analystor thermogravimetricus adhibitus est ad probandam scelerisque stabilitatem HPMC/HPS eduliorum compositorum cinematographicorum diversis gradibus substitutionis hydroxypropyl. Figure 6-3 shows the thermogravimetric curve (TGA) and its weight loss rate curve (DTG) of the composite films with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution HPS. Potest videri ex TGA in Figura 6-3 (a) quod compositum membrana exempla cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus. Sunt duo obvious thermogravimetric mutationem cum augmentum temperatus. First, there is a small weight loss stage at 30~180 °C, which is mainly caused by the volatilization of the water adsorbed by the polysaccharide macromolecule. Magnum pondus damnum est in CCC~ 450 °C periodo, quae est reale degradationis gradus scelerisque, maxime causarum degradationis scelerisque HPMC et HPS. Ex figura etiam videri potest pondus damnum curvarum HPS cum diversis gradibus substitutionis hydroxyypropyl similes et signanter ab illis HPMC differentes. Inter duas pondus damnum curvas puram HPMC et pura HPS exempla.

From the DTG curves in Figure 6-3(b), it can be seen that the thermal degradation temperatures of pure HPS with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution are very close, and the thermal degradation peak temperatures of A939 and A081 samples are 310 °C and 305 °C, respectively The thermal degradation peak temperature of pure HPMC sample is significantly higher than that of HPS, and its peak temperature is 365 °C; HPMC/HPS composite film has two thermal degradation peaks on the DTG curve, corresponding to the thermal degradation of HPS and HPMC, respectively. Proprium iugis, quae indicant quod est quaedam gradus of tempus separationis in composito cum composito ratio V, V, quod est consistit in scelerisque degradation ex compositu film cum componens ad V: V in CAPUT III . Et scelerisque degradation apicem temperaturis HPMC / A939 compositum amet exempla sunt CCCII ° C et CCCLXIII ° C, respective; De scelerisque degradation apicem temperaturis HPMC / A1081 compositum film exempla sunt CCCVI ° C et CCCLXIII ° C, respective. In apicem temperaturis composita amet exempla sunt transfigit ad inferiores temperaturis quam pura pars exempla, quae indicavit quod ad stabilitatem compositorum exempla reducitur. Nam exempla cum eodem componendo ratio, ad scelerisque degradation apicem temperatus decrescebat cum incremento de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu, significans quod scelerisque stabilitatem compositum amet decrescebat cum incremento de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu. Hoc est quod introductio hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum molecules reduces commercium inter mulges segmentis et inhibits ordinate reorangement moleculis. Est consistent cum eventus, quod densitas sui similia structurae decrescit cum incremento de gradu hydroxypropyl substitutione.

Fig. 6-3 curvae TGA (a) earumque curvae derivativae (DTG) (b) HPMC/HPS mixtae membranae cum variis hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradu HPS

6.3.4 mechanica proprietatibus analysis de HPMC / HPS composita membranes cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus

Et Tensile HPMC / HPS compositum films cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus sunt temptavit per mechanica res analyser ad XXV ° C et LXXV% relative humiditas. 6-5 figuras ostende in elastica modulus (a), elongationem ad confractus (b) et tensile vires (c) de compositu films cum diversis gradibus Hydroxypropyl substitutionem. It can be seen from the figure that for the HPMC/A1081 compound system, with the increase of HPS content, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the composite film gradually decreased, and the elongation at break increased significantly, which was consistent with 3.3.5 medium and high humidity. Eventus compositi membranulae diversis componendo componens componens.

Nam pura HPS membranes, tam elastica modulus et tensile vires auctus decrescis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus, suggerendo quod hydroxypropylation reducit ad rigorem compositum membranam et amplio flexibilitate. Hoc est maxime quod cum incremento hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu, et hydrophilicity de HPS crescit, et membrana structuram fit magis-solutam, quod constat exitum, quod fractal diminutionem ad augmentum substitutionis gradum in parva decrescit in incremento substitutionis gradum in parva angulo X Ray sparsi test. Tamen, ad elongationem ad confractus decrescit cum decrementum substitutionis gradus HPS hydroxypropyl coetus, quod est maxime quod introductio hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum molecule potest inhibere ad recrymstallization amulum. Eventus sunt consistent cum incremento et decrementum.

Ad HPMC/HPS membranam compositam cum eadem ratione composita, modulus membranae elasticus cum decrescente gradu substitutionis hydroxypropyl HPS auget, et distrahens vires et elongationes in utraque diminutione decrescente gradum substitutionis auget. Notatu dignum est proprietates membranarum organicas omnino variare cum ratione componens cum diversis gradibus substitutionis hydroxypropyl HPS. Praesertim quia proprietates mechanicae membranae compositae non solum gradu substitutionis HPS in structura membranae afficiuntur, sed etiam per convenientiam inter componentium in systemate composito. Viscositas HPS decrescit cum incremento de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu, id est magis favet formare uniformis compositis componendo.

6.3.5 Oxygeni permeabilitatis analysi HPMC/HPS membranulae compositae cum diversis gradibus HPS hydroxypropyl substitutionis

Oxidatio per oxygeni initial initial in multis causing cibum LARGITIO, sic mandi composita membrana cum aliqua oxygeni obice proprietatibus potest amplio cibis qualitas et prolongi pabulum fasciae [CVIII, CCCLXIV]. Ideo et oxygeni tradenda rates de HPMC / HPS composita membranes cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus sunt metiri, et eventus ostenditur in Figura 5-6. Potest esse videatur a figura, ut dolor permeability omnium pura HPS membranae est multo minus, quam quod de pura HPMC membranae, significans quod HPMC membranas meliorem oxygeni proprietatibus quam HPMC membranas, quae est prior results. Nam pura HPS membranes cum diversis gradus hydroxypropyl substitutione, in dolor transitum rate crescit cum incremento gradum substitutionis, quae indicat quod area ubi oxygeni permeat in membrana materia augetur. Hoc est consistent cum microstructure analysis de parva angulus X-ray spargere ut structuram membranae fit LOOSER cum incremento gradu de hydroxypropyl substitutione, ita permeacionem alveo ex oxygeni in membranam fit maior et oxygeni in membranam erit maior et oxygeni in membranam erit maior et oxygeni in membrana maius et oxygeni Permeat ut area crescit, et oxygeni traductionem rate etiam crescit paulatim.

P. 6-6 Oxygeni permeabilitas HPS/HPMC membranae cum variis hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradu HPS

Nam compositum membranes cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus, et oxygeni tradenda rate decrescit cum incremento hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu. Maxime quia in systemate compositione 5:5, HPS forma periodi dispersae existit in continua periodo viscositate HPMC humili, et viscositas HPS decrescit cum incremento gradus substitutionis hydroxypropyl. Quo minor viscositas differentiae, eo magis conducit ad formationem compositi homogenei, eo magis tortiosorum alvei oxygenii permeationis in materia membranae, et minor rate transmissionis oxygenii.

6.4

In this chapter, HPMC/HPS edible composite films were prepared by casting HPS and HPMC with different degrees of hydroxypropyl substitution, and adding polyethylene glycol as a plasticizer. In effectum de diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus in crystallum structuram et microdomain structuram ex composita membranam studuit a Synchrotron radialis parvum-angulus x-ray spargens technology. Effectus diversorum HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus in scelerisque stabilitatem, mechanica proprietates et oxygeni permeability compositae membranis et leges studiis studied in thermogravimetric analyzer, mechanica proprietatem tius et oxygeni permeabiled tius. Pelagus Inventiones sunt ut sequitur:

1. Ad HPMC/HPS membrana composita cum eadem ratione componens, aucta hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradu, area cacuminis crystallizationis respondet HPS ad 5.30 decrescit, dum area cacuminis crystallizationis HPMC ad 7.70 respondentem non multum mutat, significans hydroxypropylatio amuli recrystallizationem amyli in cinematographico composito inhibere potest.
2. Comparari cum pura component membranas HPMC et HPS, in crystallization apicem areas of HPS (5.30) et HPMC (7.70) de composita membranes reducuntur, quae indicat quod per compositum ex duobus, et HPMC et per compositum ex duabus, ut et HPMC potest esse efficax compositum membranes. Et recrystallization alia pars ludit quaedam inhibitory munus.
3. Omnes HPMC / HPS composita membranes ostendit se, similis massa fractal structuram. Nam compositum membranes cum eodem compositis ratio, densitas in membrana materiales minuitur significantly cum augmentum hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu; Hydroxypropyl substitution density de composito membrana est significantly minus quam ut de duabus pura component materiam, cum densitate compositorum membranae materiales cum Hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus est altior quam de pura HPS membranam, quod Maxime quia densitas compositi membranae materia est affectus simul. Et effectus de HPS hydroxypropylation in reductionem polymer segment binding et compatibility inter duo components de compositis ratio.
4. Hydroxypropylation de HPS potest reducere ad scelerisque stabilitatem HPMC / HPS composite films et scelerisque Degradation Pecco temperatus regione cum incremento hydroxypropyl substitutione gradum, quod est quia hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum, quod est quia hydroxypropyl coetus in amulum, quod est quia hydroxypropyl coetus in amylum moleculis. Introductio reducit interaction inter mulges segmentis et inhibits ordinem ordinate reorangement moleculis.
5. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of pure HPS membrane decreased with the increase of HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, while the elongation at break increased. Hoc maxime est quod hydroxypropylatio amuli recrystallizationem inhibet et compositi cinematographici laxiorem structuram formant.
6. The elastic modulus of HPMC/HPS composite film decreased with the increase of HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, but the tensile strength and elongation at break increased, because the mechanical properties of the composite film were not affected by the HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. In addition ad influentiam, quod etiam affectus est compatibility duo components de compositis ratio.
7. Et oxygeni permeability de pura HPS auget cum incremento de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu, quia hydroxypropylation reducit densitatem HPS Amorphous regionem et crescit in area of ​​oxygeni permeation in membrana; HPMC/HPS membranula composita In oxygeni permeabilitas cum incremento hydroxypropyl substitutionis gradus decrescit, maxime quia hyperhydroxypropylatus HPS melius habet convenientiam cum HPMC, quae ducit ad auctam tortuositatem canalis permeationis oxygeni in membrana composita. Reduced oxygen permeability.

The above experimental results show that the macroscopic properties such as mechanical properties, thermal stability and oxygen permeability of HPMC/HPS composite membranes are closely related to their internal crystalline structure and amorphous region structure, which are not only affected by the HPS hydroxypropyl substitution, but etiam per universa. Influence of duo, compatibility of Ligand systems.

Et conclusio Outlook

1. conclusio

In hoc chartam, in scelerisque gel HPMC et frigus gel HPS sunt composita, et HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum contra Gel compositis ratio construitur. Solutio concentration, componendo ratio et tonderet effectus in compositis ratio sunt systematice studuit influentiam rheologica proprietatibus ut viscositas, influunt Index et Thixotropy, cum mechanica proprietates, dynamic et in proprietatibus et sceleris Composite films praeparavit per casting modum. Comprehensive proprietatibus et IODUM vinum tyeing compatibility, phase transitus et Phase morphologiam compositum ratio studuit ab optici microscopi, et necessitudinem inter microctucture et macroscopic proprietatibus HPMC inter Microsctructure et Macroscopic proprietatibus HPMC inter / HPMC et statutum est. Ut control proprietatibus compositibus per moderantum phase structuram et compatibility HPMC / HPS compositum ratio secundum necessitudinem inter Macrompric proprietatibus et micromorphological structuram de HPMC / HPS Composite Ratio. Per studeo effectus chemica mutatio HPS cum diversis gradus in rheologicis proprietatibus, gel proprietatibus, microstructure et macroscopic proprietatibus membranarum, in relatione inter microscopium et calidum inversum gel systematis erat ulterius et calidum inversum gel ratio esset amplius inquisita. In relatione inter duo, et a corporalis exemplar erat constat ad declarare ad gelaer mechanism et influens factores et leges frigus et calidum gel in compositis ratio. Pertinet studia trahi sequens conclusiones.

1. Changing the compounding ratio of HPMC/HPS compound system can significantly improve the rheological properties such as viscosity, fluidity and thixotropy of HPMC at low temperature. In relatione inter rheationes proprietatibus et microstructure de compositis ratio fuit amplius studuit. The specific results are as follows:

(I) In humilis temperatus, in compositis ratio est continua phase-dispersit Phase "mare-insulae" structuram et continua tempus transitus occurs ad IV: VI cum decremento HPMC / HPS compositis Ratio. When the compounding ratio is high (more HPMC content), HPMC with low viscosity is the continuous phase, and HPS is the dispersed phase. Ad systema compositum HPMC/HPS, cum pars humilitatis viscositas est continuum tempus et summa viscositas est continuum tempus, collatio continui phase viscositas ad viscositatem systematis compositi significanter diversum est. Cum humilis-viscositas HPMC est continua tempus, in viscosity de compositis ratio maxime reflects conlationem continua-Phase viscositas; cum summus viscositas HPS sit continuus Phase, viscositas summi viscositatis HPS ut viscositas HPMC ut dispersa periodus reducet. effectum. Cum incrementum HPS contentus et solution concentration in compositis ratio, in viscosity et tondendas sciens phaenomenon de compositis ratio paulatim augetur, quod fluidius decrescebat, et solidum-ut mores ex compositis ratio erat auctus. Viscositas et thixotropia HPMC aequantur formula cum HPS.

(II) ad V: V Componentes ratio, HPMC et HPS potest formare continui augmenta ad humilis et altum temperaturis, respective. Hoc phase structuram mutatio potest significantly afficiunt complexu viscositas, vlcoelastic proprietatibus, frequency dependentia et gel proprietatibus complexu gel. Ut dispersit augmenta, HPMC et HPS potest determinare rhematicis proprietatibus et gel proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositis systems ad altum et humilis temperaturis, respective. Viscoeelastic curvas HPMC / HPS compositum exemplaria consentaneum ad humilis temperatus et HPMC ad altum temperatus.

(3) Relatio inter microstructuram, rheologicam proprietates et gel proprietates HPMC/HPS compositae systematis stabilita est. Utraque mutatio abrupta in viscositate curva systematis compositae et apicem in curvae amissae tangens apparent in 45 °C, quod congruit cum phaenomeno co-continuo in micrographo observato (ad 45°C).

1. Per studeo et microstructure et mechanica proprietatibus, dynamic thermomechanical proprietatibus, lumen transmittanttance, oxygeni permeability et scelerisque stabilitatem et solution technology, combined cum IODUM SOLUTIO et solution technology, ad IODUM MILEING SOLARIS Technology, et compatibility De complexis sunt investigari et necessitudo inter microstructure et macroscopic proprietates complexorum statutum. The specific results are as follows:

(1) Nulla nota duo-phasi interfaces in SEM imagines cinematographicae compositae cum diversis rationibus componendis. Maxime ex compositute films habere tantum unum vitrum transitus punctum in DMA eventus, et maxime ex compositute films habere tantum unum scelerisque degradation apicem in DTG curva. Haec simul indicant HPMC quandam convenientiam cum HPS habere.

(II) relative humiditas habet significant effectus in mechanica proprietatibus HPMC / HPS composite films et quantum ad augendam incrementum gradus HPS. At lower relative humidity, both the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the composite films increased with the increase of HPS content, and the elongation at break of the composite films was significantly lower than that of the pure component films. Cum incremento relativus humiditas, ad elastica modulum et tensile robur compositum amet decrescebat, et elongatio ad confractus augetur significantly et necessitudinem inter mechanica proprietatibus composita et compositionem in diversis relative humiditas. Mechanica proprietatibus compositi membranae diversis componendo proportiones ostendere intersectionem in diversis relative humiditas condiciones, quod providet facultatem ad optimize uber perficientur secundum diversas applicationem elit.

(III) De necessitudine inter microstructure, tempus transitus, diaphanum et mechanica proprietatibus HPMC / HPS compositum ratio fuit statutum. a. Infimum diaphaneitatis systematis compositi consentaneum est cum Phase transitus punctum HPMC ab continua periodo ad Phase dispersos et punctum minimum diminutionis moduli distrahentis. b. Modulus et elongatio iuvenum in luce decrescentes cum augmento solutionis concentrationis, quae causaliter ad mutationem morphologicam HPMC ab continua periodo ad tempus dispersum in systemate composito refertur.

(4) Additio HPS auget tortuositatem canalis permeationis oxygenii in membranula composita, signanter reducit oxygeni permeabilitatem membranae, et obice perficiendi membranam HPMC oxygenii meliorem.

1. The effect of HPS chemical modification on the rheological properties of the composite system and the comprehensive properties of the composite membrane such as crystal structure, amorphous region structure, mechanical properties, oxygen permeability and thermal stability were studied. Quod propria eventus sunt, ut sequitur:

(2) The hydroxypropylation of HPS and the improvement of the compatibility of the two components can significantly inhibit the recrystallization of starch in the membrane, and promote the formation of a looser self-similar structure in the composite membrane. Introductio coetus hydroxypropyl ponderosus in amylo catenae hypotheticae limitat mutuam ligaturam et ordinam ordinationem segmentorum hypotheticorum HPS, inde in formatione magis solutae sui similium structurae HPS. Pro complexu systematis, incremento gradus substitutionis hydroxypropyl substitutionis permittit moleculas sicut catenas HPMC intrare in regionem cavitatis solutae HPS, quae convenientiam systematis complexi ampliat et densitatem similium structurarum HPS emendat. Compatibilitas systematis compositi auget cum incremento substitutionis gradus coetus hydroxypropyl, qui congruit cum eventibus proprietatum rheologicarum.

(3) Macroscopicae proprietates quales mechanicae proprietates, scelerisque stabilitas et oxygenium permeabilitas ex membrana HPMC/HPS composita, arcte affinia sunt ad structuram crystallinam internam et structuram regionem amorphicam. Effectus coniunctos duos effectus convenientiae duorum componentium.

1. By studying the effects of solution concentration, temperature and chemical modification of HPS on the rheological properties of the compound system, the gelation mechanism of the HPMC/HPS cold-heat inverse gel compound system was discussed. Quod propria eventus sunt, ut sequitur:

(1) Concentratio critica (8%) in systemate composito, sub intentione critica, HPMC et HPS in vinculis hypotheticis independentibus et periodis regionum existunt; Cum ad attentionem criticam ventum est, HPS phase in solutione condensate formatur. Centrum gel est structura microgel connexis HPMC catenis hypotheticis connexis; supra intentionem criticam, nexus magis implicatus et commercium validius est, et solutio modum similem cum polymerorum liquefactione ostendit.

(2) Ratio complexa habet punctum transitus continuum cum mutatione temperaturae, quae ad mores gel de HPMC et HPS in systemate complexu refertur. In frigidis temperaturis viscositas HPMC signanter inferior quam HPS est, ergo HPMC periodum continuam circumfusam summus viscositas HPS gel Phase format. In marginibus duorum graduum, coetus hydroxylis super catena HPMC partem aquae ligatricis amittunt et vincula hydrogenii intermolecular cum HPS catena hypothetica formant. Per calefactionem processus, vincula HPS hypothetica moverunt ob vim satis energiae et vincula hydrogenii cum moleculis aquae formatis, ex ruptura gel structurae. At the same time, the water-cage and water-shell structures on the HPMC chains were destroyed, and gradually ruptured to expose hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic clusters. At high temperature, HPMC forms a gel network structure due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic association, and thus becomes a high-viscosity dispersed phase dispersed in the HPS continuous phase of random coils.

(III) cum incremento de hydroxypropyl substitutione gradu de HPS, in compatibility HPMC / HPS compositis ratio amplio, et phase transitus temperatus in compositis ratio movet humilis temperatus. With the increase of the hydroxypropyl substitution degree, there are more stretched helical fragments in the HPS solution, which can form more intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the HPMC molecular chain at the boundary of the two phases, thus forming a more uniform structure. Hydroxypropylatio minuit viscositatem amyli, ita ut viscositas differentiae inter HPMC et HPS in mixto coarctatur, quae conducit ad formationem compositi magis homogenei, et minimi valoris viscositatis differentiae inter utrumque movens ad humilem. temperatus regionem.

2. Innovation puncta

1. Design et construere HPMC / HPS frigus et calidum reversed-phase gel compositis compositis ratio, et systematice studere unique rheology proprietatibus huius ratio, praecipue concentration compositis solutioni components, temperatus et modificatio components. In potentia leges de rheological proprietatibus, gel proprietatibus et compatibility de compositis ratio fuerunt adhuc studuerunt, et phase morphologiam et phase transitus de compositis ratio sunt amplius studebant cum observatione IODUM DICTATIONIBUS MILLIGINAE et Micro-MINCINUS MILLIGNIS Structure de compositis ratio erat stated- rheology proprietatibus, gel proprietatibus necessitudinem. Nam primum, in Arrhenius exemplar erat usus ad gel formationem lex frigus et calidum reversed-phase compositum gels in diversis temperatus ranges.

3. Et Crystallina structuram et amorphos structuram compositam membranarum cum diversis HPS hydroxypropyl substitutione gradus studuit a Saxs, et geri mecta et rheologis et macroscopic proprietatibus ut oxygeni in rheologis et macroscopicae sunt, ut oxygeni in rheologis et macroscopicorum proprietatibus ut oxygeni et microformis in compositus membranes. Factors and laws, it was found for the first time that the viscosity of the composite system is related to the density of the self-similar structure in the composite membrane, and directly determines the macroscopic properties such as oxygen permeability and mechanical properties of the composite membrana, et proprietates rheologicas microstructure-membranae inter proprietates materiales condit.

3. Outlook

In annis, in development of tutum et mandi possunt cibum packaging materiae per renewable naturalis Polymers sicut rudis materiae quae facti research hotspot in agro cibum packaging. In charta hac, polysaccharide naturalis adhibetur ut materia rudis principalis. Per COMPICTUS HPMC et HPS, sumptus rudis materiae est reducitur, in dispensando perficientur HPMC ad humilis temperatus est melius, et oxygeni obice perficientur compositum membranam melius. Through the combination of rheological analysis, iodine dyeing optical microscope analysis and composite film microstructure and comprehensive performance analysis, the phase morphology, phase transition, phase separation and compatibility of the cold-hot reversed-phase gel composite system were studied. Necessitudo inter microstructuram et macroscopicam proprietatum systematis compositi instituta est. According to the relationship between the macroscopic properties and the micromorphological structure of the HPMC/HPS composite system, the phase structure and compatibility of the composite system can be controlled to control the composite material. In investigationis in hoc paper habet momenti gertica significationem pro ipsa productio processus; the formation mechanism, influencing factors and laws of cold and hot inverse composite gels are discussed, which is a similar composite system of cold and hot inverse gels. The research of this paper provides a theoretical model to provide theoretical guidance for the development and application of special temperature-controlled smart materials. In investigationis eventus huius charta habent bonum theoretical valorem. In investigationis huius charta involves intersectionem cibum, materiam, gel et compositionem et aliis disciplinis. Due to the limitation of time and research methods, the research of this topic still has many unfinished points, which can be deepened and improved from the following aspects. Expand:

Aspectus speculativus:

1. To explore the effects of different chain branch ratios, molecular weights and varieties of HPS on the rheological properties, membrane properties, phase morphology, and compatibility of the compound system, and to explore the law of its influence on the gel formation mechanism of the compound ratio.
2. Investigate the effects of HPMC hydroxypropyl substitution degree, methoxyl substitution degree, molecular weight and source on the rheological properties, gel properties, membrane properties and system compatibility of the compound system, and analyze the effect of HPMC chemical modification on compound condensation. Imites regula de Gel formatio mechanism.

Applicatio:

1. Optima formulam applicationis fasciculorum conditurae, fasciculorum vegetabilium et pulmenta solida, et effectus condimentorum, leguminum et sopituum conservationis in periodo repono, proprietates mechanicas materiae, ac mutationes productorum effectorum viribus externis subiectae. , et aqua solubilitas et index hygienicus materiae. It can also be applied to granulated foods such as coffee and milk tea, as well as edible packaging of cakes, cheeses, desserts and other foods.
2. Optimize formula consilio ad applicationem de botanica medicinalis herba capsules, amplius studio processus conditionibus et optimal lectio auxilia agentium, et praeparare cavae capsule products. Physica et eget Indicatores ut friakable, disintegration tempus, gravibus metallum contentus, et microbial contentus probata.