Cellulose eke bụ polymer dị mgbagwoju anya nke bụ isi ihe nhazi nke mgbidi cell osisi. Nke a polysaccharide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'inye ike, isi ike na nkwado nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, na-enye aka na nhazi mkpokọta nke anụ ahụ.
cellulose eke bụ polysaccharide, carbohydrate nke nwere ogologo agbụ nke nkeji glucose jikọtara ọnụ site na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ukwuu organic ogige na Ụwa na a na-ahụ bụ isi na cell mgbidi osisi. Nhazi pụrụ iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose na-enye anụ ahụ osisi ike na ogologo oge pụrụ iche, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke nhazi na ọrụ osisi.
Ọdịdị nke cellulose eke
Otu n'ime ihe nhazi nke cellulose bụ eriri ahịrị nke mkpụrụ ndụ β-D-glucose, nke a na-ejikọta nkeji glucose ọ bụla na nkeji glucose na-esote site na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic. β-bonds na-enye cellulose usoro ahịrị ya pụrụ iche na enweghị alaka. N'adịghị ka starch (polysaccharide ọzọ nke glucose), ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ enweghị ike ịgbari cellulose n'ihi ọnụnọ nke beta-linkage, nke enzymes dị ka amylase enweghị ike ịgbaji.
Nkeji glucose ugboro ugboro na agbụ cellulose na-etolite agbụ ogologo ogologo ogologo nke ejiri njikọ hydrogen intermolecular jikọtara ọnụ. Njikọ ndị a na-enye aka n'ichebe microfibrils, bụ nke na-agbakọta n'ihu na-emepụta nnukwu ihe a na-akpọ cellulose fibers. Nhazi nke eriri ndị a na-enye ike na isi ike na-akụ mgbidi cell.
Isi iyi nke eriri eke
osisi:
Osisi: Osisi bara ụba na cellulose ma bụrụ isi iyi maka ngwa mmepụta ihe.
Cotton: eriri owu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ cellulose dị ọcha, na-eme ka owu bụrụ otu n'ime ihe ndị sitere n'okike nke polymer a.
Hemp: Dị ka owu, eriri hemp bụ isi nke cellulose mejupụtara.
Algae:
Ụfọdụ ụdị algae nwere cellulose n'ime mgbidi cell ha, nke na-enye aka n'iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ihe ndị a na-ese fotoynthetic.
nje bacteria:
Ụfọdụ nje bacteria na-emepụta cellulose, na-akpụ oyi akwa a na-akpọ biofilm. Cellulose nke nje a nwere ihe pụrụ iche nke na-eme ka ọ baa uru na ngwa dị iche iche.
Biosynthesis nke cellulose
Cellulose biosynthesis na-apụta n'ụzọ bụ isi na akpụkpọ anụ plasma nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ. Usoro a na-agụnye enzyme mgbagwoju cellulose synthase, nke na-eme ka polymerization nke nkeji glucose banye n'agbụ cellulose. A na-ewepụ ụdọ ndị a na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma ma na-etolite microfibrils na mgbidi cell.
Njirimara nke cellulose eke
Enweghị ike soluble:
N'ihi usoro kristal ya nke ukwuu, cellulose na-adịkarị ụkọ na mmiri na ọtụtụ ihe mgbaze organic.
Hydrophilicity:
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị edozi ya, cellulose nwere ihe ndị dị na hydrophilic, na-enye ya ohere ịmịnye ma na-ejigide mmiri.
Ọdịdị biodegradable:
Cellulose bụ ihe na-emebi emebi, ya mere ọ na-adị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi. Microorganisms dị ka nje bacteria na fungi nwere enzymes na-akụda cellulose n'ime ogige ndị dị mfe.
Ike igwe:
Nhazi pụrụ iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose na-enye eriri cellulose ike ọrụ dị mma, na-eme ka ha dabara maka ngwa dị iche iche.
Ngwa nke cellulose eke
textile:
Owu bụ ihe mejupụtara ya bụ cellulose ma bụrụ isi akụrụngwa maka ụlọ ọrụ akwa.
Akwụkwọ na pulp:
Mkpụrụ osisi na-aba ụba na cellulose ma jiri ya na-emepụta akwụkwọ na kaadiboodu.
Ngwa biomedical:
Cellulose nje na-achọta ngwa n'ime mgbakwasa ọnya, injinịa anụ ahụ, na nnyefe ọgwụ n'ihi ịdị ndụ ya na ihe pụrụ iche.
ụlọ ọrụ nri:
A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta cellulose, dị ka carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka ndị na-agbapụta ihe na ihe nkwụnye.
Mmanụ biofuels:
Enwere ike iji cellulosic biomass dị ka nri nri maka mmepụta nke biofuels, na-enye aka na ume na-adịgide adịgide.
Ihe ịma aka na atụmanya n'ọdịnihu
N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, enwere ihe ịma aka n'ịkwalite ojiji cellulose. Ụzọ mmịpụta nke ọma, mmụba biodegradability na nkwalite arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị dabeere na cellulose bụ mpaghara nyocha na-aga n'ihu. Ọzọkwa, ọganihu na nkà na ụzụ biotechnology nwere ike ime ka injinia nke osisi nwere usoro cellulose gbanwetụrụ maka ngwa mmepụta ihe.
Eke cellulose bụ polymer yiri mgbidi cell osisi ma na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịkpụzi njirimara anụ ahụ nke osisi. Ọdịdị ya pụrụ iche na-esite na nhazi nke nkeji glucose jikọtara ya na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic, na-enye anụ ahụ osisi ike dị ukwuu na isi ike. Cellulose na-abịa site n'ụdị dị iche iche, site na osisi gaa na owu ruo cellulose nje, na-enye ya ngwa ngwa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Ka teknụzụ na teknụzụ biotechnology na-aga n'ihu, nyocha nke ikike cellulose na-abawanye. Site na ojiji ọdịnala na textiles na akwụkwọ ruo ngwa ọhụrụ na injinịa biomedical na ike na-adigide, cellulose eke ka bụ ihe dị oke mkpa. Ịghọta nhazi ya, ihe onwunwe na mmalite ya dị oke mkpa iji kpughee ike zuru oke nke polymer a dị ịrịba ama iji gboo nsogbu na mkpa nke ụwa na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa.
Oge nzipu: Dec-26-2023