Lekwasị anya na cellulose ethers
English

Kedu ihe bụ titanium dioxide?

Kedu ihe bụ titanium dioxide?

Titanium dioxide, Ngwakọta dị ebe niile a chọtara n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa, na-egosipụta njirimara nwere ọtụtụ ihe. N'ime usoro ihe omimi ya bụ akụkọ gbasara ịdị iche iche, gbasara ụlọ ọrụ site na agba na plastik ruo nri na ihe ịchọ mma. N'ime nyocha a sara mbara, anyị na-abanye n'ime mmalite, akụrụngwa, ngwa na mmetụta titanium dioxide Tio2, na-eme ka ìhè dị na mkpa ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na kwa ụbọchị.

Nri-ọkwa Titanium Dioxide: Njirimara, Ngwa, na Nchekwa Nchebe Okwu Mmalite: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) bụ ihe sitere n'okike nke ejirila mee ihe dị ka pigmenti ọcha na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche maka ọmarịcha opacity na nchapụta ya. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, titanium dioxide achọtawokwa ụzọ ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri, nke a maara dị ka titanium dioxide nke ọkwa nri. N'edemede a, anyị ga-enyocha njirimara, ngwa, ihe nchekwa, na usoro nhazi nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri. Njirimara nke Titanium Dioxide Ọkwa nri: Ọkwa nri titanium dioxide na-ekerịta ọtụtụ ihe n'aka ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, mana na-enwe ntụsara anya akọwapụtara maka nchekwa nri. Ọ na-adịkarị n'ụdị ntụ ntụ dị mma, nke na-acha ọcha ma mara ya maka nhụsianya dị elu, nke na-enye ya ọmarịcha opacity na nchapụta. A na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa nha nke ihe oriri-ọkwa titanium dioxide iji hụ na mgbasa otu na obere mmetụta na udidi ma ọ bụ uto na ngwaahịa nri. Na mgbakwunye, titanium dioxide nke ọkwa nri na-edobekarị usoro nchacha siri ike iji wepụ adịghị ọcha na mmetọ, na-ahụ na ọ dabara maka ojiji na ngwa nri. Ụzọ mmepụta: Enwere ike ịmepụta titanium dioxide ọkwa nri site na iji ụzọ eke na nke sịntetik. A na-enweta titanium dioxide eke sitere na nkwụnye ego ịnweta, dị ka rutile na ilmenite, site na usoro dị ka mmịpụta na ịdị ọcha. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-emepụta titanium dioxide sịntetik site na usoro kemịkalụ, na-agụnye mmeghachi omume nke tetrachloride titanium na oxygen ma ọ bụ sọlfọ dioxide na oke okpomọkụ. N'agbanyeghị usoro mmepụta ihe, usoro njikwa mma dị mkpa iji hụ na titanium dioxide ọkwa nri na-ezute oke ịdị ọcha na ụkpụrụ nchekwa. Ngwa dị na ụlọ ọrụ nri: titanium dioxide ọkwa nri na-eje ozi bụ isi dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha na opacifier n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nri. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na confectionery, mmiri ara ehi, ngwaahịa esiri esi, na ụdị nri ndị ọzọ iji mee ka mma anya na ọdịdị nke ihe oriri dị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-agbakwunye titanium dioxide na mkpuchi swiiti iji nweta agba mara mma yana ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi dị ka yogọt na ice cream iji meziwanye opacity na ude ha. N'ime ngwaahịa ndị e ghere eghe, titanium dioxide na-enyere aka ịmepụta ọdịdị na-egbuke egbuke na nke otu n'ime ngwaahịa dị ka ntu oyi na ngwakọta achicha. Ọnọdụ nchịkwa na nchebara echiche: Nchekwa nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri bụ isiokwu nke arụmụka na-aga n'ihu na nyocha usoro nhazi. Ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ (FDA) na United States na European Safety Safety Authority (EFSA) na Europe, enyochala nchekwa nke titanium dioxide dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-amatakarị titanium dioxide dị ka nchekwa (GRAS) mgbe ejiri ya n'ime oke a kapịrị ọnụ, ewelitela nchegbu banyere ihe egwu ahụike nwere ike jikọta na oriri ya, ọkachasị n'ụdị nanoparticle. Mmetụta ahụike nwere ike ime: Nnyocha egosiwo na ndị nanoparticles titanium dioxide, nke dị ntakịrị karịa 100 nanometer n'ogo, nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ihe mgbochi ndụ na ịkwakọba n'ime anụ ahụ, na-ebute nchegbu banyere nchekwa ha. Nnyocha ụmụ anụmanụ egosiwo na nnukwu dose nke titanium dioxide nanoparticles nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ọjọọ na imeju, akụrụ, na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe àmà na-egosi na titanium dioxide nanoparticles nwere ike ịkpata nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt na sel, nwere ike inye aka na mmepe nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala. Usoro Mbelata na Nhọrọ: Iji lebara nchegbu gbasara nchekwa nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri, a na-eme mbọ iji mepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-acha ọcha na ihe mkpuchi nke nwere ike nweta mmetụta yiri nke ahụ na-enweghị ihe ize ndụ ahụike. Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-enyocha ihe ndị ọzọ sitere n'okike, dị ka calcium carbonate na osikapa starch, dị ka ndị na-anọchi anya titanium dioxide na ụfọdụ ngwa nri. Na mgbakwunye, ọganihu na teknụzụ nanotechnology na injinịa urughuru nwere ike inye ohere iji belata ihe egwu metụtara nanoparticles titanium dioxide site na imepụta urughuru mma yana mgbanwe elu. Mmata nke ndị ahịa na ịde aha: akara ngosi nke ọma na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ahịa dị mkpa maka ịgwa ndị na-azụ ahịa maka ọnụnọ nke mgbakwunye nri dị ka titanium dioxide na ngwaahịa nri. Ịkpọ aha doro anya na nke ziri ezi nwere ike inyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka ịme nhọrọ mara mma ma zere ngwaahịa nwere mgbakwunye nke ha nwere ike inwe mmetụta ma ọ bụ nchegbu. Ọzọkwa, mmụba mmata banyere ihe mgbakwunye nri na mmetụta ahụike ha nwere ike ime nwere ike inye ndị na-azụ ahịa ume ịkwado maka ụdọ ọkọnọ nri dị mma na nke doro anya. Echiche Ọdịnihu na Ntuziaka nyocha: Ọdịnihu nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri dabere na mbọ nyocha na-aga n'ihu iji ghọta profaịlụ nchekwa ya nke ọma yana mmetụta ahụike nwere ike. Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nanotoxicology, nyocha mkpughe, na nleba anya ihe ize ndụ ga-adị oke mkpa maka ịme mkpebi nhazi yana hụ na ojiji titanium dioxide dị mma na ngwa nri. Na mgbakwunye, nyocha n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ịcha ọcha na opacifiers nwere nkwa maka ilebara nchegbu ndị ahịa anya na ịkwọ ụgbọala ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nri. Nchikota: titanium dioxide na-eri nri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka onye na-acha ọcha na opacifier, na-eme ka mmasị na-ahụ anya na ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa nri dị iche iche. Agbanyeghị, nchegbu gbasara nchekwa ya, ọkachasị n'ụdị nanoparticle, kpalitere nyocha usoro na mbọ nyocha na-aga n'ihu. Ka anyị na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha nchekwa na ịdị irè nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri, ọ dị mkpa iji bute nchekwa ndị ahịa, nghọta, na ihe ọhụrụ n'usoro inye nri.

Mmalite na kemịkalụ mejupụtara

Titanium dioxide, nke usoro kemịkal TiO2 na-egosi, bụ ogige inorganic nke nwere titanium na atom oxygen. Ọ dị n'ụdị ịnweta ịnweta sitere n'okike, nke a na-ahụkarị bụ rutile, anatase, na brookite. A na-enweta mineral ndị a n'ụzọ bụ isi site na nkwụnye ego dị na mba ndị dị ka Australia, South Africa, Canada, na China. A pụkwara imepụta titanium dioxide n'ụzọ sịntetically site na usoro kemịkalụ dị iche iche, gụnyere usoro sulfate na usoro chloride, nke gụnyere iji sulfuric acid ma ọ bụ chlorine meghachite ores titanium n'otu n'otu.

Ọdịdị kristal na Njirimara

N'ọkwa atọm, titanium dioxide na-anakwere ihe owuwu kristal, na atom titanium ọ bụla gbara ya gburugburu na atọm oxygen isii na nhazi octahedral. Lattice kristal a na-enye ihe pụrụ iche anụ ahụ na kemịkal na ogige ahụ. Titanium dioxide bụ onye a ma ama maka nchapụta ya pụrụ iche na opacity, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ pigmenti ọcha dị mma maka ngwa dị iche iche. Ndekọ ntugharị ya, ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ nke ìhè na-ehulata mgbe ọ na-agafe ihe, so na ihe ndị kasị elu nke ihe ọ bụla a maara, na-enye aka na àgwà ya na-egosipụta.

Ọzọkwa, titanium dioxide na-egosipụta nkwụsi ike dị ịrịba ama na nguzogide nbibi, ọbụlagodi n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike. Njirimara a na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa dị n'èzí dị ka mkpuchi ihe owuwu na imecha ụgbọ ala, ebe ịdịte aka dị mkpa. Na mgbakwunye, titanium dioxide nwere ezigbo ihe mgbochi UV, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mkpuchi anwụ na mkpuchi mkpuchi ndị ọzọ.

Ngwa dị na ụlọ ọrụ

Ntughari nke titanium dioxide na-ahụta okwu n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka isi nkuku n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa. N'ebe agba na mkpuchi, titanium dioxide na-arụ ọrụ dị ka pigmenti bụ isi, na-enye ọcha, opacity, na ịdịte aka na eserese ihe owuwu ụlọ, ihe nrụpụta ụgbọala, na mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ. Ikike ya ịgbasa ọkụ n'ụzọ dị irè na-eme ka agba dị egwu na nchebe na-adịte aka megide ihu igwe na corrosion.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ plastik, titanium dioxide na-eje ozi dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị oke mkpa maka imezu agba agba, opacity, na nguzogide UV n'ụdị polymer dị iche iche. Site n'ịchụsa irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ala nke titanium dioxide n'ime matrices rọba, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa dị elu sitere na ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ngwa ahịa ruo na akụrụngwa ụgbọ ala na ihe owuwu.

Ọzọkwa, titanium dioxide na-ahụta ojiji nke ukwuu na akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ, ebe ọ na-eme ka nchapụta, opacity, na ibipụta ngwaahịa akwụkwọ. Ntinye ya na ink ibipụta na-eme ka o doo anya na foto na ederede doro anya, na-enye aka na mmasị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ihe nkwalite.

Ngwa dị na ngwaahịa kwa ụbọchị

E wezụga ntọala ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, titanium dioxide na-abanye n'ụdị ndụ a na-adị kwa ụbọchị, na-apụta n'ụdị ngwaahịa ndị ahịa na ihe nlekọta onwe onye. N'ihe ịchọ mma, titanium dioxide na-eje ozi dị ka ihe dị iche iche na ntọala, powders, lipsticks, na sunscreens, ebe ọ na-enye mkpuchi, mgbazi agba, na nchebe UV na-enweghị ikpochi pores ma ọ bụ na-akpata mgbakasị anụ ahụ. Ọdịdị ya na-adịghị mma na ikike igbochi UV dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa nke sunscreens, na-enye nchebe dị irè megide UVA na UVB radieshon.

Ọzọkwa, titanium dioxide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha na opacifier. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ngwaahịa nri dị ka candies, confectionery, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, na sauces iji kwalite ịdị n'otu agba, udidi, na opacity. N'ụlọ ọgwụ, titanium dioxide na-eje ozi dị ka mkpuchi maka mbadamba nkume na capsules, na-eme ka ilo na kpuchie ụtọ ma ọ bụ isi na-adịghị mma.

Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike

Ọ bụ ezie na titanium dioxide bụ onye a ma ama maka ọtụtụ uru ya, nchegbu apụtala banyere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ya na ihe ize ndụ ahụike nwere ike ime. N'ụdị nanoparticulate ya, titanium dioxide na-egosiputa ihe pụrụ iche nke dị iche na nke nnukwu ibe ya. Ihe irighiri ihe nke titanium dioxide Nanoscale nwere oke elu na mmeghachi omume, nke nwere ike ime ka mmekọrịta ha dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo elu.

Nnyocha e mere ewelitela ajụjụ gbasara mmetụta ahụike nwere ike ịdị n'ikuku titanium dioxide nanoparticles, ọkachasị n'ebe ọrụ dị ka ụlọ nrụpụta na ebe a na-ewu ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekewa titanium dioxide dị ka nke a na-amatakarị dị ka Nchekwa (GRAS) site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa maka iji nri na ihe ịchọ mma, nchọpụta na-aga n'ihu na-achọ ịkọwapụta ihe ọ bụla nwere ike ime ahụike ogologo oge jikọtara ya na ikpughe na-adịghị ala ala.

Na mgbakwunye, ọdịnihu gburugburu ebe obibi nke titanium dioxide nanoparticles, karịsịa na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri, bụ isiokwu nke nyocha sayensị. Ewelitela nchegbu banyere ike bioaccumulation na toxicity nke nanoparticles n'ime aquatic organisms, yana mmetụta ha na gburugburu ebe obibi dynamics na mma mmiri.

Usoro nhazi yana ụkpụrụ nchekwa

Iji lebara odida obodo nke nanotechnology na-agbanwe ma hụ na ejiri titanium dioxide na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa n'ụwa niile etinyela ụkpụrụ nduzi na ụkpụrụ nchekwa. Iwu ndị a gụnyere akụkụ dị iche iche, gụnyere akara ngwaahịa, nleba anya ihe egwu, oke mkpughe ọrụ, na nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi.

Na European Union, titanium dioxide nanoparticles eji eme ihe ịchọ mma ga-enwerịrị akara dị ka nke a ma rube isi n'iwu nchekwa siri ike akọwapụtara na Iwu ịchọ mma. N'otu aka ahụ, nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ nke United States (FDA) na-achịkwa iji titanium dioxide na ngwaahịa nri na ihe ịchọ mma, na-emesi ike n'ịhụ nchekwa na nghọta maka ndị ahịa.

Ọzọkwa, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka njikwa dị ka Agencylọ Ọrụ Nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi (EPA) na United States na European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) na EU na-enyocha ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi sitere na titanium dioxide na ihe ndị ọzọ nanomaterials. Site na nnwale siri ike na ụkpụrụ nyocha ihe egwu, ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-agba mbọ ichekwa ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-akwalite ihe ọhụrụ na ọganihu teknụzụ.

Echiche ọdịnihu na ihe ọhụrụ

Ka nghọta sayensị banyere nanomaterials na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, nyocha na-aga n'ihu na-achọ imeghe ike zuru oke nke titanium dioxide ka ọ na-ekwu maka nchegbu metụtara nchekwa na nkwado. Ụzọ ọhụrụ dị ka mgbanwe elu elu, ijikọ ihe ndị ọzọ, na usoro nhazi nke a na-achịkwa na-enye ụzọ ndị na-ekwe nkwa maka ịkwalite arụmọrụ na ngbanwe nke ihe ndị dabeere na titanium dioxide.

Ọzọkwa, ọganihu na nanotechnology na-ejide ikike ịgbanwe ngwa ndị dị ugbu a ma mee ka mmepe nke ngwaahịa ọgbọ na-esote nwere njirimara na arụmọrụ ahaziri. Site na mkpuchi gburugburu ebe obibi na teknụzụ nlekọta ahụike dị elu gaa na ngwọta ume ọhụrụ na atụmatụ mmetọ mmetọ, titanium dioxide na-akwado ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpụzi ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na mbọ nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Mmechi

N'ikpeazụ, titanium dioxide na-apụta dị ka ihe dị n'ebe niile na ihe dị mkpa nke na-agafe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ ọ bụla nke ndụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Site na mmalite ya dị ka ịnweta sitere n'okike ruo n'ọtụtụ ngwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ, azụmahịa, na ngwaahịa kwa ụbọchị, titanium dioxide na-enye ihe nketa nke mgbanwe, ihe ọhụrụ na mmetụta mgbanwe.

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe onwunwe ya na-enweghị atụ emewo ka ọganihu nkà na ụzụ dịkwuo elu ma mee ka ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na-emepụta ihe, a na-achọ mgbalị na-aga n'ihu iji hụ na ejiri titanium dioxide mee ihe na-adịgide adịgide n'ihu na-agbanwe agbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike. Site na nyocha imekọ ihe ọnụ, nleba anya nchịkwa, na ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ, ndị na-ahụ maka ya nwere ike ịnyagharị na mbara ala dị mgbagwoju anya nke nanomaterials ma jikwaa ike zuru oke nke titanium dioxide ma na-echekwa ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ruo ọgbọ ndị na-abịa.

Oge nzipu: Mar-02-2024
Mkparịta ụka WhatsApp n'ịntanetị!