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Kedu ihe bụ Tio2?

Kedu ihe bụ Tio2?

TiO2, a na-akpọkarị mbiri site naTitanium dioxide, bụ ihe dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ ngwa n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Ihe a, nke mejupụtara titanium na oxygen atom, nwere ihe ọ pụtara n'ihi njirimara pụrụ iche na ojiji dị iche iche. N'ime nyocha a sara mbara, anyị ga-enyocha usoro, akụrụngwa, ụzọ mmepụta, ngwa, ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, na atụmanya titanium dioxide n'ọdịnihu.

Nri-ọkwa Titanium Dioxide: Njirimara, Ngwa, na Nchekwa Nchebe Okwu Mmalite: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) bụ ihe sitere n'okike nke ejirila mee ihe dị ka pigmenti ọcha na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche maka ọmarịcha opacity na nchapụta ya. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, titanium dioxide achọtawokwa ụzọ ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri, nke a maara dị ka titanium dioxide nke ọkwa nri. N'edemede a, anyị ga-enyocha njirimara, ngwa, ihe nchekwa, na usoro nhazi nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri. Njirimara nke Titanium Dioxide Ọkwa nri: Ọkwa nri titanium dioxide na-ekerịta ọtụtụ ihe n'aka ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, mana na-enwe ntụsara anya akọwapụtara maka nchekwa nri. Ọ na-adịkarị n'ụdị ntụ ntụ dị mma, nke na-acha ọcha ma mara ya maka nhụsianya dị elu, nke na-enye ya ọmarịcha opacity na nchapụta. A na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa nha nke ihe oriri-ọkwa titanium dioxide iji hụ na mgbasa otu na obere mmetụta na udidi ma ọ bụ uto na ngwaahịa nri. Na mgbakwunye, titanium dioxide nke ọkwa nri na-edobekarị usoro nchacha siri ike iji wepụ adịghị ọcha na mmetọ, na-ahụ na ọ dabara maka ojiji na ngwa nri. Ụzọ mmepụta: Enwere ike ịmepụta titanium dioxide ọkwa nri site na iji ụzọ eke na nke sịntetik. A na-enweta titanium dioxide eke sitere na nkwụnye ego ịnweta, dị ka rutile na ilmenite, site na usoro dị ka mmịpụta na ịdị ọcha. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-emepụta titanium dioxide sịntetik site na usoro kemịkalụ, na-agụnye mmeghachi omume nke tetrachloride titanium na oxygen ma ọ bụ sọlfọ dioxide na oke okpomọkụ. N'agbanyeghị usoro mmepụta ihe, usoro njikwa mma dị mkpa iji hụ na titanium dioxide ọkwa nri na-ezute oke ịdị ọcha na ụkpụrụ nchekwa. Ngwa dị na ụlọ ọrụ nri: titanium dioxide ọkwa nri na-eje ozi bụ isi dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha na opacifier n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nri. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na confectionery, mmiri ara ehi, ngwaahịa esiri esi, na ụdị nri ndị ọzọ iji mee ka mma anya na ọdịdị nke ihe oriri dị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-agbakwunye titanium dioxide na mkpuchi swiiti iji nweta agba mara mma yana ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi dị ka yogọt na ice cream iji meziwanye opacity na ude ha. N'ime ngwaahịa ndị e ghere eghe, titanium dioxide na-enyere aka ịmepụta ọdịdị na-egbuke egbuke na nke otu n'ime ngwaahịa dị ka ntu oyi na ngwakọta achicha. Ọnọdụ nchịkwa na nchebara echiche: Nchekwa nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri bụ isiokwu nke arụmụka na-aga n'ihu na nyocha usoro nhazi. Ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ (FDA) na United States na European Safety Safety Authority (EFSA) na Europe, enyochala nchekwa nke titanium dioxide dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-amatakarị titanium dioxide dị ka nchekwa (GRAS) mgbe ejiri ya n'ime oke a kapịrị ọnụ, ewelitela nchegbu banyere ihe egwu ahụike nwere ike jikọta na oriri ya, ọkachasị n'ụdị nanoparticle. Mmetụta ahụike nwere ike ime: Nnyocha egosiwo na ndị nanoparticles titanium dioxide, nke dị ntakịrị karịa 100 nanometer n'ogo, nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ihe mgbochi ndụ na ịkwakọba n'ime anụ ahụ, na-ebute nchegbu banyere nchekwa ha. Nnyocha ụmụ anụmanụ egosiwo na nnukwu dose nke titanium dioxide nanoparticles nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ọjọọ na imeju, akụrụ, na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe àmà na-egosi na titanium dioxide nanoparticles nwere ike ịkpata nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt na sel, nwere ike inye aka na mmepe nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala. Usoro Mbelata na Nhọrọ: Iji lebara nchegbu gbasara nchekwa nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri, a na-eme mbọ iji mepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-acha ọcha na ihe mkpuchi nke nwere ike nweta mmetụta yiri nke ahụ na-enweghị ihe ize ndụ ahụike. Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-enyocha ihe ndị ọzọ sitere n'okike, dị ka calcium carbonate na osikapa starch, dị ka ndị na-anọchi anya titanium dioxide na ụfọdụ ngwa nri. Na mgbakwunye, ọganihu na teknụzụ nanotechnology na injinịa urughuru nwere ike inye ohere iji belata ihe egwu metụtara nanoparticles titanium dioxide site na imepụta urughuru mma yana mgbanwe elu. Mmata nke ndị ahịa na ịde aha: akara ngosi nke ọma na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ahịa dị mkpa maka ịgwa ndị na-azụ ahịa maka ọnụnọ nke mgbakwunye nri dị ka titanium dioxide na ngwaahịa nri. Ịkpọ aha doro anya na nke ziri ezi nwere ike inyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka ịme nhọrọ mara mma ma zere ngwaahịa nwere mgbakwunye nke ha nwere ike inwe mmetụta ma ọ bụ nchegbu. Ọzọkwa, mmụba mmata banyere ihe mgbakwunye nri na mmetụta ahụike ha nwere ike ime nwere ike inye ndị na-azụ ahịa ume ịkwado maka ụdọ ọkọnọ nri dị mma na nke doro anya. Echiche Ọdịnihu na Ntuziaka nyocha: Ọdịnihu nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri dabere na mbọ nyocha na-aga n'ihu iji ghọta profaịlụ nchekwa ya nke ọma yana mmetụta ahụike nwere ike. Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nanotoxicology, nyocha mkpughe, na nleba anya ihe ize ndụ ga-adị oke mkpa maka ịme mkpebi nhazi yana hụ na ojiji titanium dioxide dị mma na ngwa nri. Na mgbakwunye, nyocha n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ịcha ọcha na opacifiers nwere nkwa maka ilebara nchegbu ndị ahịa anya na ịkwọ ụgbọala ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nri. Nchikota: titanium dioxide na-eri nri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka onye na-acha ọcha na opacifier, na-eme ka mmasị na-ahụ anya na ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa nri dị iche iche. Agbanyeghị, nchegbu gbasara nchekwa ya, ọkachasị n'ụdị nanoparticle, kpalitere nyocha usoro na mbọ nyocha na-aga n'ihu. Ka anyị na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha nchekwa na ịdị irè nke titanium dioxide ọkwa nri, ọ dị mkpa iji bute nchekwa ndị ahịa, nghọta, na ihe ọhụrụ n'usoro inye nri.

Ọdịdị na Nhazi

Titanium dioxide nwere usoro kemịkalụ dị mfe: TiO2. Ọdịdị molekụla ya nwere otu atom titanium jikọtara ya na atom oxygen abụọ, na-akpụ lattice kristal kwụsiri ike. Ngwakọta ahụ dị n'ọtụtụ polymorphs, nke ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ rutile, anatase, na brookite. Ndị a polymorphs na-egosipụta ụdị kristal dị iche iche, na-eduga n'iche dị iche iche na ihe onwunwe ha na ngwa ha.

Rutile bụ ụdị titanium dioxide kacha kwụsie ike ma bụrụ nke e ji ama ya site na nhụsianya dị elu na opacity ya. Anatase, n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ metastable mana ọ nwere ọrụ photocatalytic dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere rutile. Brookite, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-adịkarịghị, na-ekerịta myirịta na ma rutile na anatase.

Njirimara

Titanium dioxide na-etu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ:

  1. Ọcha: Titanium dioxide bụ onye a ma ama maka ịcha ọcha ya pụrụ iche, nke sitere na ntuzi aka ya dị elu. Ngwongwo a na-enyere ya aka ịgbasa ọkụ a na-ahụ anya nke ọma, na-ebute ncha ọcha.
  2. Opacity: Opacity ya na-ebilite site n'ikike o nwere iji nweta na ịgbasa ọkụ nke ọma. Ngwongwo a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka ịnye opacity na mkpuchi na agba, mkpuchi na plastik.
  3. UV Absorption: Titanium dioxide na-egosipụta ọmarịcha ihe mgbochi UV, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi ihe dị na mkpuchi anwụ na mkpuchi na-eguzogide UV. Ọ na-amịkọrọ nke ọma UV radieshon na-emerụ ahụ, na-echebe ihe ndị dị n'okpuru site na mmebi na mmebi nke UV kpatara.
  4. Nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ: TiO2 bụ kemịkalụ inert ma na-eguzogide ọtụtụ kemịkalụ, acids na alkalis. Nkwụsi ike a na-eme ka ọ dị ogologo ndụ na ogologo oge na ngwa dị iche iche.
  5. Ọrụ Photocatalytic: Ụfọdụ ụdị titanium dioxide, karịsịa anatase, na-egosipụta ọrụ photocatalytic mgbe ekpughere ya na ìhè ultraviolet (UV). A na-eji ihe onwunwe a na-emezigharị gburugburu ebe obibi, nchacha mmiri, na mkpuchi onwe ya.

Ụzọ mmepụta

Mmepụta titanium dioxide na-agụnyekarị ụzọ abụọ bụ isi: usoro sulfate na usoro chloride.

  1. Usoro Sulfate: Usoro a gụnyere ngbanwe nke ọla ndị nwere titanium, dị ka ilmenite ma ọ bụ rutile, n'ime pigmenti titanium dioxide. A na-ebu ụzọ gwọọ ọla ahụ na sulfuric acid iji mepụta ngwọta titanium sulfate, bụ nke a na-emezi hydrolyzed iji mepụta titanium dioxide hydrated. Mgbe calcination gasịrị, a na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo ghọọ pigmenti ikpeazụ.
  2. Usoro Chloride: N'ime usoro a, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) na-emeghachi omume site na ikuku oxygen ma ọ bụ ikuku mmiri na okpomọkụ dị elu iji mepụta ihe ndị dị na titanium dioxide. Ụcha a na-esi na ya pụta na-adịkwa ọcha ma nwee njirimara anya ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere titanium dioxide nke usoro sulfate nwetara.

Ngwa

Titanium dioxide na-achọta ngwa dị ukwuu n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, n'ihi njirimara ya dị iche iche:

  1. Agba na mkpuchi: Titanium dioxide bụ pigmenti ọcha a na-ejikarị eme ihe na eserese, mkpuchi, na ihe nrụpụta n'ihi opacity ya, nchapụta ya, na ịdịte aka ya.
  2. Plastics: A na-etinye ya na ngwaahịa rọba dị iche iche, gụnyere PVC, polyethylene, na polypropylene, iji kwalite opacity, mgbochi UV, na ọcha.
  3. Ihe ịchọ mma: TiO2 bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ịchọ mma, ngwaahịa nlekọta anụ ahụ, na usoro ihe mkpuchi anwụ n'ihi ihe mgbochi UV ya na ọdịdị adịghị egbu egbu.
  4. Nri na ọgwụ: Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka pigmenti ọcha na opacifier na ngwaahịa nri, mbadamba ọgwụ, na capsules. A kwadoro titanium dioxide ọkwa nri maka ojiji n'ọtụtụ mba, n'agbanyeghị na enwere nchegbu gbasara nchekwa ya na ihe egwu ahụike nwere ike ime.
  5. Photocatalysis: A na-eji ụfọdụ ụdị titanium dioxide eme ihe na ngwa fotocatalytic, dị ka ikuku na mmiri na-asachapụ, ebe na-ehicha onwe ya, na mmebi mmetọ.
  6. Ceramics: A na-arụ ya n'ọrụ na mmepụta nke seramiiki glazes, taịlị, na poselin iji kwalite opacity na ọcha.

Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi

Ọ bụ ezie na titanium dioxide na-enye ọtụtụ uru, mmepụta na ojiji ya na-ebute nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi:

  1. Nri ike: Mmepụta titanium dioxide na-achọkarị okpomọkụ dị elu na ntinye ike dị ukwuu, na-enye aka na ikuku ikuku griin na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.
  2. Ọgbọ mkpofu: Usoro sulfate na chloride na-emepụta ngwaahịa sitere na ngwaahịa na iyi iyi, nke nwere ike ịnwe adịghị ọcha ma chọọ mkpofu ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị iji gbochie mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
  3. Nanoparticles: Nanoscale titanium dioxide particles, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mkpuchi anwụ na nhazi ihe ịchọ mma, na-ebute nchegbu gbasara nsi ha nwere ike ime na nnọgidesi ike gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha na-egosi na ihe ndị a nanoparticles nwere ike ibute ihe egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri na ahụike mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na ahapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.
  4. Nlekọta usoro iwu: Ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa gburugburu ụwa, dị ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) na European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), na-enyocha nke ọma mmepụta, ojiji, na nchekwa nke titanium dioxide iji belata ihe ize ndụ ndị nwere ike ime ma hụ na ha na-agbaso ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike. .

Atụmanya Ọdịnihu

Ka ọha mmadụ na-aga n'ihu na-ebute nkwado nkwado na nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi, ọdịnihu titanium dioxide na-adabere na ihe ọhụrụ na ọganihu nkà na ụzụ:

  1. Usoro mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ: Mgbalị nyocha na-elekwasị anya n'ịzụlite ụzọ mmepụta ihe na-adịgide adịgide na ike maka titanium dioxide, dị ka photocatalytic na usoro electrochemical.
  2. Ihe eji arụ ọrụ Nanostructured: Ọganihu na teknụzụ nanotechnology na-enyere aka imepụta na njikọ nke ihe titanium dioxide nanostructured nwere ihe emelitere maka ngwa na nchekwa ike, catalysis, na injinịa biomedical.
  3. Nhọrọ ndị nwere ike imebi ihe: Mmepe nke ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdị ndụ na ebe obibi enyi na enyi na-eme ka pigmenti titanium dioxide nkịtị na-aga n'ihu, na-achọ ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ileba anya na nchegbu gbasara nsị nanoparticle.
  4. Usoro Economy Economy Initiatives: Mmejuputa ụkpụrụ akụ na ụba okirikiri, gụnyere imegharị ihe na imegharị ihe mkpofu, nwere ike ibelata mbelata akụrụngwa ma belata akara gburugburu gburugburu mmepụta na itinye n'ọrụ titanium dioxide.
  5. Nrube isi na nchekwa: Nchọpụta na-aga n'ihu na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike nke titanium dioxide nanoparticles, yana nleba anya n'usoro iwu siri ike, dị mkpa iji hụ na ejiri nchekwa na ezi ọrụ mee ihe n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.

N'ikpeazụ, titanium dioxide na-eguzo dị ka ihe dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ ngwa na ihe ọ pụtara. Ngwongwo ya pụrụ iche, tinyere nyocha na ihe ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu, na-ekwe nkwa ịkpụzi ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkwalite omume na-adigide maka ọdịnihu.

Oge nzipu: Mar-02-2024
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